• 제목/요약/키워드: fungicide. disease

검색결과 277건 처리시간 0.023초

살균제 나무주사를 이용한 참나무 시들음병 방제 효과 (Control Efficacy of Fungicide Injection on Oak Wilt in the Field)

  • 손수연;서상태;박지현
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.295-298
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    • 2014
  • 참나무 시들음병(병원균 Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae)은 2004년 국내에 처음 발견되어 그 피해가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 이번 연구에서는 참나무 시들음병 방제를 위한 나무주사용 살균제를 선발하기 위해 실내시험과 포장시험을 실시하였다. 실내검정에서는 10종의 살균제와 1종의 항생제를 이용하여 국내균주 R. quercus-mongolicae와 일본균주 R. quercivora에 대한 생육억제효과를 조사하였다. 국내균주에 대해서는 chlorothalonil, benomyl, propiconazole 순으로 생육억제효과가 높게 나타났으며, 일본균주에 대해서는 propiconazole, benomyl, bitertanol 순으로 나타났다. 국내균주와 일본균주에 대하여 실내 항균효과가 우수하였던 약제 중 침투이행성이 우수한 propiconazole을 이용하여 약제방제 포장시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 나무주사 처리 당해 연도 방제효과는 87.5%, 처리 다음 연도 방제효과는 66.7%까지 나타나 약제처리 효과는 적어도 1년 이상이었다.

Improvement of Shelf-life and Quality in Fresh-Cut Tomato Slices:

  • Hong Ji Heun
    • 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식품저장유통학회 2004년도 총회및 심포지움
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    • pp.67-72
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    • 2004
  • Quality of fresh-cut tomato slices was compared during cold storage under various modified atmosphere packaging conditions. Chilling injury of slices in containers sealed with Film A was higher than with Film B; these films had oxygen transmission rates of 87.4 and 60.0 ml $h^{-1}\;m^{-2}\;atm^{-1}$ at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;99\%$ RH, respectively. While slices in containers with an initial atmospheric composition of air, $4\%\;CO_2+1\;or\;20\%\;O_2,\;8\%\;CO_2+1\;or\;20\%\;O_2,\;or\;12\%\;CO_2+20\%\;O_2$ showed fungal growth, slices in containers with $12\%\;CO_2+1\%\;O_2$ did not. Low ethylene in containers enhanced chilling injury. Modified atmosphere packaging provided good quality tomato slices with a shelf-life of 2 weeks or more at $5^{\circ}C$. Experiments were conducted to compare changes in quality of slices of red tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Sunbeam') fruit from plants grown using black polyethylene or hairy vetch mulches under various foliar disease management systems including: no fungicide applications (NF), a disease forecasting model (Tom-Cast), and weekly fungicide applications (WF), during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ under a modified atmosphere. Slices were analyzed for firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, electrolyte leakage, fungi, yeasts, and chilling injury. With both NF and Tom-Cast fungicide treatments, slices from tomato fruit grown with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) mulch were firmer than those from tomato fruit grown with black polyethylene mulch after 12 days storage. Ethylene production of slices from fruit grown using hairy vetch mulch under Tom-Cast was about 1.5- and 5-fold higher than that of slices from WF and NF fungicide treatments after 12 days, respectively. The percentage of water-soaked areas (chilling injury) for slices from tomato fruit grown using black polyethylene mulch under NF was over 7-fold that of slices from tomato fruit grown using hairy vetch under Tom-Cast. When stored at $20^{\circ}C$, slices from light-red tomato fruit grown with black polyethylene or hairy vetch mulches both showed a rapid increase in electrolyte leakage beginning 6 hours after slicing. However, slices from tomato fruit grown using the hairy vetch mulch tended to have lower electrolyte leakage than those grown with black polyethylene mulch. These results suggest that tomato fruit from plants grown using hairy vetch mulch may be more suitable for fresh-cut slices than those grown using black polyethylene mulch. Also, use of the disease forecasting model Tom-Cast, which can result in lower fungicide application than is currently used commercially, resulted in high quality fruit for fresh-cut processing. Experiments were conducted to determine if ethylene influences chilling injury, as measured by percentage of slices exhibiting water-soaked areas in fresh-cut tomato slices of 'Mountain Pride' and 'Sunbeam' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Ethylene concentration in containers without ventilation significantly increased during storage at $5^{\circ}C$, whereas little or no accumulation of ethylene occurred in containers with one or six perforations. Chilling injury was greatest for slices in containers with six perforations, compared to slices in containers with one perforation, and was over 13-fold greater than that of slices in control containers with no perforations. An experiment was also performed to investigate the effectiveness of including an ethylene absorbent pad in containers on subsequent ethylene accumulation and chilling injury. While ethylene in the no-pad controls increased continually during storage of both 'Mountain Pride' and 'Sunbeam' tomatoes at $5^{\circ}C$ under modified atmosphere conditions, no increase in accumulation of ethylene was observed in containers containing ethylene absorbent pads throughout storage. The ethylene absorbent pad treatment resulted in a significantly higher percentage of chilling injury compared with the no-pad control. In studies aimed at inhibiting ethylene production using AVG during storage of slices, the concentration of ethylene in control containers (no AVG) remained at elevated levels throughout storage, compared to containers with slices treated with AVG. Chilling injury in slices treated with AVG was 5-fold greater than that of controls. Further, we tested the effect of ethylene pretreatment of slices on subsequent slice shelf-life and quality. In slices treated with ethylene (0, 0.1, 1, or $10\;{mu}L\;L^{-1}$) immediately after slicing, ethylene production in non-treated controls was greater than that of all other ethylene pre-treatments. However, pretreatment of slices 3 days after slicing resulted in a different pattern of ethylene production during storage. Ihe rate of ethylene production by slices treated with 1 L $L^{-1}$ ethylene 3 days after slicing was greater during storage than any of the other ethylene treatments. With slices pre-treated with ethylene, both immediately and 3 days after slicing, the rate of ethylene production tended to show an negative correlation with chilling injury. Chemical name used: 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG).

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딸기 탄저병 방제를 위한 정식 전 살균제 침지처리 효과 (Dipping Strawberry Plants in Fungicides before Planting to Control Anthracnose)

  • 남명현;이인하;김홍기
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.54-58
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    • 2014
  • Colletotrichum fructicola에 의해 주로 발생하는 국내 딸기 탄저병은 딸기재배에서 가장 문제가 되는 병해로 1차 전염원은 잠재감염주, 이병 잔재물과 다른 기주식물이다. 잠재감염주에 대한 효과적인 방제를 위해 건전한 식물체를 이용하거나 조기 진단 및 살균제 처리 방법이 중요하다. 따라서 잠재감염주에 대한 효과적인 탄저병 방제를 위해 2010년과 2011년에 살균제 침지처리효과를 조사하였다. 딸기 정식 전 자묘에 대한 prochloraz-Mn 침지처리구는 탄저병 이병주율이 가장 낮았으며 무처리 대비 76% 이상의 방제효과를 나타냈다. 그 외 azoxystrobin 처리구는 40% 이상의 탄저병 방제효과가 있었으나 pyraclostrobin, mancozeb, iminoctodine tris는 낮은 방제효과를 보였다. Prochloraz-Mn의 침지시간과 온도에 따른 탄저병 방제효과 조사에서는 처리간 유의차는 없었으며 1시간 이상 처리시 식물체의 생육이 억제되는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 딸기 정식 전 prochloraz-Mn을 10분 침지처리시 잠재감염주에 의한 탄저병 발생을 효과적으로 방제할 수 있을 것이다.

아인산염의 감자 역병 방제효과 (Control of Potato Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) with Postassium Phosphonate)

  • 홍순영;이광석;강영길;지형진
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.179-182
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    • 2003
  • 아인산염을 이용하여 감자 역병방제 시험을 실시한 결과 해발 100m 의 해안지역에서 방제가는 82.5%로 dimethomorph + copper oxychloride 500배액 처리시 방제가 75.9%보다 효과적이었다. 그러나 해발 300 m의 중산간 지대에서는 높은 습도와 잦은 비 날씨로 방제가가 40.0%로 낮았으나 농약처리 효과와 비슷하였다. 감자 역병 방제를 위한 아인산염 살포 간격은 15일이 적합하였다.

Biological Control of Tea Anthracnose Using an Antagonistic Bacterium of Bacillus subtilis Isolated from Tea Leaves

  • Kim, Gyoung-Hee;Lim, Myoung-Taek;Hur, Jae-Seoun;Yum, Kyu-Jin;Koh, Young-Jin
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.99-102
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    • 2009
  • An antagonistic bacterium of Bacillus subtilis BD0310 against Colletotrichum theae-sinensis was isolated from the phylloplane of tea trees at a tea plantation in Korea. SC (suspension concentrate)-type biofungicide was formulated with the antagonist. Cell viability and antifungal activity of B. subtilis were maintained in the formulation more than 12 months at room temperature. The antagonist was sensitive only to copper sulfate among the chemical pesticides currently registered for tea trees in Korea. Greenhouse application demonstrated that the biofungicide controlled more effectively the disease in a protective mode than in a curative mode. Field trial showed that alternate applications of the biofungicide and chemical fungicide were more effective in controlling tea anthracnose than single application of the biofungicide or chemical fungicide with less use of chemicals. This study suggests that the biofungicide of B. subtilis 8D0310 is an effective method for biological control of anthracnose in tea plantations.

인삼 잿빛곰팡이병의 친환경방제를 위한 유기농업자재 선발 (Selection of Environmental Friendly Organic Agricultural Materials for Controlling Ginseng Gray Mold)

  • 김우식;김종성;박지성;안인;박경훈;김기홍
    • 한국약용작물학회지
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.473-479
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    • 2015
  • Background : To control ginseng gray mold, farmers have mainly used inorganic chemical based fungicides. The recent emergence of fungicide resistance has reduced the effectiveness of such control methods. Such pesticides also carry additional problems, such as diffuse pollution. Methods and Results : Six treatments of organic agricultural materials were tested for control of ginseng gray mold, CAPW (Chrysophanic acid + Phytoncide + Wood vinegar), EmEWV (Emodin + Ethanol + Wood vinegar), CEWV (Curcumin + Eugenol + Wood vinegar), Bacillus subtilis, soybean oil and sulfur. The control effect for gray mold by a single application of the agrochemical fungicide industrial Fenhexamid wettable powder (WP) was 84.4%. The control effect by CAPW, EmEWV and CEWV varied between 52.7 - 64.9%. The control effect by B. subtilis, soybean oil, and sulfur were 32.9 - 59.2%. Conclusions : In the field tests, CAPW showed the highest control effects when used before, and at first stage of disease incidence, against ginseng gray mold.

감자역병 진전도 예측모형 작성 (Modeling for Prediction of Potato Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans))

  • 안재훈;함영일;신관용
    • 한국식물병리학회지
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.331-338
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    • 1998
  • To develop the model for prediction of potato late blight progress, the relationship between severity index of potato late blight transformed by the logit and Gompit transformation function and cumulative severity value (CSV) processing weather data during growing period in Taegwallyeong alpine area, 1975 to 1992 were examined. When logistic model and Gompertz model were compared by determining goodness of fit for progressive degree of late blight using CSV as independent variable, the coefficients of determination were higher as 0.742 in the logistic model than 0.680 in the Gompertz model. Parameters in logistic model were composed of progressive rate and initial value of logistic model. Initial value was calculated in -3.664. The progressive rate of potato late blight was 0.137 in cv. Superior, 0.136 in cv. Irish Cobbler, and 0.070 in cv. Jopung without fungicide sprays. According to in crease of the number of spray times the progressive rate was lowered, was 0.020 in cv. Superior under the conventional program of fungicide sprays, 10 times sprays during cropping season. Equation of progressive rate, b1=0.0088 ACSV-0.033 (R2=0.976), was written by examining the relationship between the parameters of progressive rate of late blight and the average CSV (ACSV) quantifing weather information. By estimating parameters of logistic function, model able to describe the late blight progress of potato, cv. Superior was formulated in Y=4/(1+39.0·exp((0.0088 ACSV-0.033)·CSV).

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장변대황(Rheum australe D. Don)으로부터 분리된 토마토 시들음병원균(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Saccardo) Snyder & Hansen)에 대한 항진균 활성물질 구명 (Isolation of Antifungal Activity Substance from Rheum australe D. Don Roots against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Saccardo) Snyder & Hansen)

  • 최지수;이동운;최용화
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.95-108
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    • 2020
  • To develop an environment-friendly fungicide for controlling tomato wilt diseases, antifungal active substance was isolated Rheum australe D. Don roots against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, a pathogen of tomato wilt, in this study. Methanol extract obtained from Rheum australe roots was successively fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The ethyl acetate fraction, which showed the highest antifungal activity, was separated by column chromatography, and 60 subfractions were obtained. The 60 subfractions were anlayzed for antifungal activities by bioassay. The active compound was identified as 5-[(E)-2- (3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol (rhapontigenin) by NMR and GC-MS analysis. As a result of testing antifungal activity of rhapontigenin against Fusarium oxysporum, EC50 of rhapontigenin was showed strong antifungal activity at 7.48 mg/L. Therefore, this study showed that the Rheum australe roots extract can be a potential candidate which is a environment-friendly fungicide against Fusarium oxysporum.

Combined Application of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride has an Improved Biocontrol Activity Against Stem Rot in Groundnut

  • Manjula, K.;Kishore, G.Krishna;Girish, A.G.;Singh, S.D.
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.75-80
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    • 2004
  • In an attempt to develop effective biocontrol system for management of stem rot disease in groundnut, 57 bacterial isolates and 13 isolates of Trichoderma spp. were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against Sclerotium rolfsii. The antagonists were selected based on their ability to inhibit the external growth of S. rolfsii from infected groundnut seeds. Four isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens, GB 4, GB 8, GB 10 and GB 27, and T. viride pq 1 were identified as potent antagonists of S. rolfsii. T. viride pq 1 produced extracellular chitinase and parasitized the mycelium of S. rolfsii. Under controlled environment conditions, P. fluorescens GB 10, GB 27, T. viride pq 1 and the systemic fungicide Thiram(equation omitted) reduced the mortality of S. rolfsii inoculated to groundnut seedlings by 58.0%, 55.9%, 70.0% and 25.9%, respectively compared to control. In vitro growth of P. fluorescens GB 10 and GB 27 was compatible with T. viride pq 1 and Thiram(equation omitted). Integrated use of these two bacterial isolates with T. viride pq 1 or Thiram(equation omitted) improved their biocontrol efficacy. Combined application of either GB 10 or GB 27 with T. viride pq 1 was significantly effective than that with Thiram(equation omitted) in protecting groundnut seedlings from stem rot infection.

Large-Scale Screening of the Plant Extracts for Antifungal Activity against the Plant Pathogenic Fungi

  • Song Hee, Lee;Young Taek, Oh;Do-Yeon, Lee;Eunbyeol, Cho;Byung Su, Hwang;Junhyun, Jeon
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제38권6호
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    • pp.685-691
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    • 2022
  • Plants produce chemicals of immense diversity that provide great opportunities for development of new antifungal compounds. In search for environment-friendly alternatives to the fungicide of current use, we screened plant extracts obtained from more than eight hundred plant materials collected in Korea for their antifungal activity against the model plant pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. This initial screening identified antifungal activities from the eleven plant extract samples, among which nine showed reproducibility in the follow-up screening. These nine samples were able to suppress not only M. oryzae but also other fungal pathogens. Interestingly, the plant extracts obtained from Actinostemma lobatum comprised five out of eight samples, and were the most effective in their antifungal activity. We found that butanol fraction of the A. lobatum extract is the most potent. Identification and characterization of antifungal substances in the A. lobatum extracts would provide the promising lead compounds for new fungicide.