• Mycobiology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2002

The susceptibility of radiata pine sapwood to fungal attack and the ability of selected fungicides to control colonization of sapstain and mold fungi on green radiata pine sapwood were evaluated. Radiata pine sapwood was highly susceptible to fungal staining, suggesting that prompt application of fungicides after sawing is essential for preventing fungal colonization. The ability of commercial fungicides to prevent fungal discoloration on radiata pine sapwood was assessed using an accelerated 6-week test on small samples in the laboratory, and in field tests using bulk-piled boards exposed outdoors for 6 weeks during summer rainy season. In laboratory tests, Hylite extra provided excellent protection against fungal discoloration even at the lowest concentrations. Hylite clear, Britewood S, and NP-1 Plus provided good short-term protection(2 to 4 weeks), but higher chemical loadings were, required for long-term protection(6 weeks). Woodguard produced little or no protection over the test periods. In field tests, Kathon 893 provided markedly superior protection at the concentration of 0.5 percent or higher. NP-1 Plus provided relatively good protection at all concentrations evaluated. Hylite extra was effective only for short-term protection(2 to 4 weeks) at all concentrations tested, but higher solution strengths were needed for longterm protection.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.183-196
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• 2023

Recently, the morphological and molecular features of five stain fungi infecting rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), namely Paecilomyces maximus, Paecilomyces formosus, Penicillium crustosum, Paecilomyces lecythidis and Aspergillus chevalieri, have been studied. Prior to this study, the authors revealed that catechin from gambir (Uncaria gambir) could inhibit the growth of the white-rot fungus Schizophyllum commune, and it was important to determine the bioactivity of the aforementioned agent against A. chevalieri. The efficacy of the biocidal agent was examined using a laboratory wooden block test. Rubberwood blocks, 8 mm in thickness, 20 mm in width, and 30 mm in length, were impregnated with catechin solution at concentrations of 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% (w/v) using the vacuum-pressure method, and their bioactivity was monitored over three weeks through visual and scanning electron microscope assessment of fungal growth as well as the discoloration intensity of the wood samples. The results showed that catechin treatment increased the resistance of wood samples to A. chevalieri. Overall, the higher the catechin concentration, the lower the fungal growth. The lowest fungal growth was observed in the wood samples treated with 12% and 15% catechin (score of 0), demonstrating no discoloration. In contrast, the fungal growth score of the untreated wood samples reached 4, indicating severe discoloration. Catechins appear to be adequate biofungicides against stain fungi in rubberwood.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2003

본 연구는 라디에타소나무 제재목의 균 변색을 제거하기 위한 표백처리의 사용 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 염소계 표백제인 아염소산나트륨과 차아염소산나트륨은 표백조건(약제농도, 처리온도, 처리시간)의 조절에 따라 만족할만한 변색제거 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 비염소계 표백제인 과산화수소는 표백조건의 조절만으로는 변색제거가 불가능하였으나 규산나트륨과 수산화나트륨을 활성제로 첨가하는 경우에는 염소계 표백제보다 탁월한 변색제거 효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 활성제 첨가에 따라 재색의 녹색화 문제가 발생하였는데, 앞으로 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. 또한, 앞으로 본 연구를 통해 개발된 변색제거 방법의 현장 적용을 위한 후속 연구도 필요하다고 본다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2004

선행 연구에서 보존 균주에 대하여 우수한 목재 방미효력을 나타내는 2종의 플루오르화합물계 약제(RNF-3, RNF-4)를 선발하였다. 본 연구에서는 이들 약제의 실용화 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 야외 분리 균주를 이용한 목재 방미효력 시험 및 침엽수 제재목 생산 현장에서의 야외 시험을 실시하였다.플루오르와 구리 성분을 함유한 합성 약제 RNF-3은 PDA 배지 상에서 16종의 분리 균주에 대하여 높은 생장 억제 효력을 발휘하였다. 또한 소나무, 잣나무 및 라디에타소나무 시험편에서도 농도 2% 이상 처리에서 분리 균주의 생장이 이루어지지 않음으로써 목재 방미효력 또한 우수한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편 플루오르 성분만을 함유한 RNF-4의 경우에는 농도 2% 이상 처리에서도 PDA 배지 및 목재 시험편에서 균사의 생장이 이루어짐으로써 RNF-3에 비하여 분리균에 대한 효력이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 라디에타소나무 판재를 이용한 현장 야외 시험에서도 농도 2%의 RNF-3 수용액에 침지 처리한 처리구는 균류에 의한 표면오염이 발생하지 않고 건전한 외관을 유지하고 있어 높은 목재 방미효력이 인정되었다. 이들 결과로부터 RNF-3은 침엽수 제재목의 표면오염 방지를 위한 국산 목재 방미제로써 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.205-209
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• 2001

The Korean sawmills have recently recognized the importance of prevention of fungal discoloration due to increased losses in revenue. Before establishing integrated control strategies of fungal discoloration, more complete knowledge about causal organisms is needed. As a first step, we initiated a through survey of fungi colonizing commercially important softwood(Pinus dens flora, Pinus koraiensis, and Pinus radiata) logs and lumber in Korea. In this paper we report results obtained from Japanese red pine(Pinus densiflora) log study. In summer 2000, fungi were isolated from Japanese red pine logs in storage, and identified based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. A total of 595 fungi were isolated, representing 21 genera and 30 species. Mold fungi, mostly Trichoderma species, were the most frequently isolating fungi, representing more than half of all isolates. Dematiaceous fungi represented approximately one fifth of the isolates, and Rhinocladiella atorvirens was the most abundant in all samples. Opiostoma species represented 7% of all isolates from cores planted on malt extract agar(MEA) and the incidence of these species doubled with the addition of streptomycin and cycloheximide to MEA. The results indicate that Japanese red pine sapwood is susceptible to colonization by a variety of fungal species. As a result, control strategies that concentrate on one fungus may have limited success because of interference from competing flora.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2013년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.170-172
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• 2013

To be applied to a humid environment such as bathroom and kitchen, sealant should have good adhesion, tensile strength, etc., it also have the resistance to fungal contamination from the environment. It is important to select right material for sanitary sealing application in order to prevent premature discoloration and fungal activities. Especially for high humidity conditions, it is crucial to have longer mildew and fungal resistance. In this article, we intended to give guide lines for developing right sanitary sealing material and practical test method for evaluating anti-fungal performances reflecting Korean residential life style.

• 식물병연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2013

국내 육성 2조 겉보리의 변색 종실의 곰팡이 분포와 품종의 저항성을 조사하였다. 변색 증상은 종실에 붉은색 반점, 흑갈색 반점, 타원형의 반점 등이 조사되었다. 이들 변색 종실의 곰팡이를 분리한 결과 Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Epicoccum spp.과 Rhizopus spp. 등으로 확인되었다. 수확기에 이들 곰팡이 분포 비율을 조사한 결과 1, 2차년도 조사에서 Alternaria spp.이 평균 69.1%와 72.2%로 가장 많이 검출되었고, Epicoccum spp., Fusarium spp.와 Aspergillus spp.가 연차 간 차이를 보이며 발생하는 것으로 조사되었다. 특히, 붉은곰팡이병의 주 원인균인 Fusarium spp.은 2011년도에도 거의 발생을 하지 않았으며 2012년에는 4.7%로 적은 발생을 보였다. 품종별 종실 변색에 대한 저항성 정도를 조사하였다. 수확기 전체 품종의 평균 변색율은 19.9-13.2%로 연차 간 6.7%의 차이를 나타내었다. 품종 간 변색율은 1차년도는 8.0-36.0%, 2차년도에는 5.2-36.6%로 연차 간 변이보다 품종 간 변화가 더 크게 조사되었다. '사천 6호'와 '다진보리' 2품종은 연차 간에 큰 변이 없이 6.2-8.8% 범위로 안정적인 저항성을 보인 반면, '삼도보리'와 '대영보리'는 22.2-36.6% 범위로 높은 변색율을 보였다. 그 외, '진양보리', '단원보리', '신호보리', '광맥보리' 등 4품종은 15% 미만의 중도 저항성을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.591-601
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• 2021

Recently it is trend to increase wood use as carbon neutral materials, there is recognized to need necessarily durability improvement of wooden building. It is very rare to report existing on the identification of isolates causing discoloration in domestic weathered wooden building used for long period. The objective of this study was identification of fungi that cause discoloration on the exteriors of weathered domestic wooden buildings in the southern part of South Korea. Our findings can be helpful to establish protection technology for weather deterioration of domestic wooden buildings. Wood chip samples presumed to be contaminated with sapstain fungi were collected from the surface of wooden members used in wooden buildings at Jangheung, Jeollanam-do (two locations, #13 and #14), and Jeju Island (two locations, #31 and #33). The growth of microorganisms was confirmed by performing culture tests for the collected samples, and fungi were isolated, purified, and identified. The results indicated that the fungal strains isolated from wooden buildings #13 and #14 at Jangheung, Jeollanam-do, were 99.83% and 100% homologous to Aureobasidium melanogenum, respectively. For wooden building #31 at Jeju Island (two locations), the fungal strain isolated was 100% homologous to A. melanogenum, which is the same species isolated from the wooden buildings at Jangheung. The fungal strain isolated from wooden building #33 (Jeju Island) had 99.83% homology with A. pullulans, which is commonly found in wood degraded by weather or ultraviolet rays. Our findings can be utilized as a basis for establishing protection technology in domestic wooden buildings.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 1986

변색미(變色米) 발생(發生)에 관여(關與)하는 병원균(病原菌)과 해충을 분류동정(分類同定)한 결과(結果) 해충으로는 허리노린재과(科)에 속하는 Leptocorisa oratorius가 우점종(優占種)이었고 노린재과(科)인 Menida varipennis. Stollia ventralis 및 Nezara viridula 등이 관여(關與)하였으며 병원균(病原菌)으로는 Drechslera oryzae. Curvularia lunata, Trichoniella padwickii, Sarocladium oryzae, Alternaria tenuis 및 Fusarium solani 등이 관여(關與)하였다. 병원균(病原菌)과 해충의 복합발생시(複合發生時)에 변색미발생(變色米發生)이 더 심하였고 병원균(病原菌)만의 발생시(發生時)는 변색미(變色米) 발생(發生)에 주로 영향(影響)을 미쳤으며 노린재류만의 발생시(發生時)는 수량감수(收量減收)에 더 큰 영향(影響)을 주었다. 그리고 노린재류에 의한 벼 유숙기간(乳熟期間)의 흡즙(吸汁)은 병원균침입(病原菌侵入)을 조장(助長)하여 벼의 질적(質的) 변화(變化)와 양적(量的) 감소(滅少)에 크게 영향(影響)하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.430-440
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• 2019

Fungal contamination of built-in furniture is a frequent problem in Korea when new apartment is built. However, domestic information on the contaminating fungi is very limited. This study was conducted to isolate, identify and characterize the fungi of the problem in one of the apartment houses where the fungi were claimed in the built-in furniture before the house owner moves in. Fungi present in the furniture installed in a main room, dress room, and kitchen side were visually and microscopically confirmed and purely isolated on PDA. The isolated fungi were identified by analyzing the morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence of the ITS, calmodulin gene, and TEF-1α gene. Aspergillus creber, A. niger, A. pseudoglacus, A. ruber, Cladosporium perangustum and Penicillium commune were identified. Four out of the six fungal species were positive for at least one enzyme in six kinds of extracellular enzyme assays. When these four species (A. creber, A. niger, C. perangustum and P. commune) were inoculated onto four kinds of wood chips of furniture materials, they were able to colonize all of the wood chips. Their settlement was better at 95% humidity condition than at 30% humidity condition. Among the four species, C. perangustum caused the darkest discoloration and secreted the most number of extracellular enzymes. The four species were re-isolated from the colonized wood chips and confirmed as the problematic fungi in the built-in furniture.