• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.309-319
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• 2016

Objectives This study was aimed to analyze the reliability of vocal features and probabilities for being in Sasang constitutional types calculated from Sasang constitutional voice diagnosis system according to operator presence. Methods We acquired 96 voice recordings from one male and one female for 4 days. For the first 2 days, the subjects recorded their voice by themselves. For the last 2 days, they recorded according to the instruction of an operator following the standard operating procedure. We analyze the standard deviations of vocal features, probabilities for being three constitutional types, Tae-Eum (TE), So-Yang (SY), and So-Eum (SE) Results In the case of the female, coefficients of variations of the voice variables and the probabilities for being each constitutional type were all within 20%. In the case of the male, coefficients of variations were all within 20% except one variable. Even if there was no instruction from the operator, standard deviations of the probability did not increase for both genders. When recorded without the operator, for male, the probability for being SE decreased by 3.2%. For female, the probability for being TE increased by 5.438%, and that of SE decreased by 3.057%, and that of SY decreased by 2.394%. Conclusions When recorded without operators, for men, there was a significant difference in the probability for being SE. And for women, there were significant differences in the probabilities for all constitutional types.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.287-295
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• 2024

This study examined the relationship between target advocacy, work values, and person-centered care among nursing students, and attempted to provide basic data for the development of educational materials to improve fundamental ideology for nursing students. The data collection period was from July 1 to July 31, 2023. The questionnaires of 172 nursing students who were enrolled in universities located in cities D and S and agreed to participate in this study were analyzed. The results of the analysis showed that the influential factors on nursing students' person-centered care were target advocacy and work values, and the explanatory power of these variables was 23.5%. In conclusion, in order to improve nursing students' competence in person-centered care, it is necessary to identify the extent of their work values as nurses, compare and develop programs for the formation of positive work values, and improve their awareness of target advocacy, which is the fundamental philosophy of nursing.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.114-122
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• 2016

EIS (Electro interstitial scan) is a non-invasive and simple method to find the physio-pathological information inferred by electric current response with respect to low direct current applied between remote sites of the body. Although a few EIS-based devices for diagnosing diabetes were commercialized, they were not successful in offering clinical validity nor in confirming diagnostic principle. In this study, we measured the voltage responses of diabetic patients and normal subjects with a commercialized EIS device to test the usefulness of EIS in screening diabetes. For this purpose, voltage was measured between pairs of electrodes contacted at both palm, both soles of the feet and left and right forehead above both eyes. After feature extraction of voltage signals, the AUC (area under the curve) between the two groups was calculated and we found that seven variables were appropriately shown above 60% of accuracy. In addition, we applied the k-NN (k-nearest neighbors) method and found that the accuracy of classification between the two groups reached the accuracy of 76.2%. This result implies that the voltage response analysis based on EIS has potential as a diabetics screening method.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the cognitive and psychological precedence factors of career preparation behaviors of university students and to clarify the structural relationships between the variables. First, the effects of reflective learning on university students' career preparation behaviors were examined and the mediating effect of grit between reflective learning and career preparation behavior was verified. The research analyzed 307 university students in the 3rd and 4th year. The results of the study have shown that the reflective learning had a significant positive relationship with all variables of grit and career preparation behavior, but non-reflective learning have an insignificance relationship with all the main variables. In addition, reflective learning has a direct positive effect on career preparation behavior, and grit has a mediating effect on the relationship between reflective learning and career preparation behavior. The results of this study indicate that the more original variables are further identified and extended to improve career preparation behaviors of university students. It is significant that they are provided with the basic data for the development of career and job preparation education programs that can be applied in the university education field. In addition, it has been confirmed that it is important for university students to improve their ability to critically reflect on themselves, their surroundings and circumstances in order to keep them engaged and to maintain their interests. Moreover, higher education institutions should provide fundamental and extensible method of practice and educational environment.

• School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.117-135
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• 2017

Even though patterns and correspondence serve a fundamental basis of function for elementary students, there has been lack of research in this field. This study explored prior studies to extract the key instructional elements on how to teach patterns and correspondence. This study then analyzed the unit of 'patterns and correspondence' in the mathematics textbooks in terms of four key instructional elements (i.e., relation to real-life contexts, diversity of pattern tasks, exploration for a correspondence relationship, and teaching variables). The results of this study showed that topics dealing with patterns and correspondence were represented with relation to real-life contexts but diversity of pattern tasks and exploration for a correspondence relationship were needed to be further considered in the textbooks. Another noticeable result was that teaching variables was not explicitly addressed in the textbooks. Based on these results, this study provides textbook writers with implications on what to further consider in dealing with patterns and correspondence.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.651-664
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to research the college students' life styles, housing satisfaction and future-housing environment preferences according to demographic variables. So the eventual purpose is to offer basic data of future-housing development. This study has a subject of 512 college students living in Jeonbuk province. In this statistical analysis, SPSS 11.5 for Windows program. The results of this research were as follows; The college students' life style showed higher in the self-confidence-directed and the home-directed types. And the college students' housing satisfaction showed higher in housing equipments. The life style and housing satisfaction were significant difference according to major, their parents' academic career, fathers' occupation, average incomes, type of house. The college students' future-housing preference showed higher in housing equipments and environment. And the significant difference according to gender, school year, major, mothers' occupation, and type of house in the college students' future-housing environment preference. College students' life style, housing satisfaction, and future-housing environment preference have a significant correlation one another. Housing satisfaction variables had positive correlations with life style and future-housing environment preference. Partially, negative correlation was showed between life style and future-housing environment preference. As a conclusion, college students' life style and housing satisfaction constituted important characteristics which could affect future-housing environment preference directly. These results should be provide fundamental information for the new generation's future-housing development.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.5-19
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• 2015

Literatures on open innovation have two major limitations. First, either on a firm level or on an industry level did they analyze the open innovation issues. The results of a firm's innovation can be diffused through the whole network and the firm can learn back from the network knowledge. Prior literatures did not consider the feedback loop among firms and network in which the firms are involved. Second, most open innovation research had a static perspective on firm's innovation performance. Since the diffusion, spill-over and learning among network members are involved over time, the open innovation is intrinsically dynamic. From the dynamic perspective, we can appreciate the fundamental attributes of the open innovation network which involves diverse firms, research institutes, and universities. In order to overcome the limitations, we suggest a dynamic model for open innovation network. We build an agent-based model which consists of heterogeneous firms. The firms are connected through a scale-free network which is formed by preferential attachment. Through the diverse scenario of simulation, we collect massive data on the firm level and analyze them both on firm and industry level. From the analysis, we found that, on industry level, the overall performance of open innovation increases as the internal research capability, absorptive capacity, and learning curve coefficient increase. Noticeably, as the deprecation rate of knowledge increases, the variability of knowledge increases. From the firm level analysis, we found that the industry-level variables had a significant effect on the firm's innovation performance lasting through all the time, whereas the firm-level variables had only on the early phase of innovation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

The monetary model suggests that nominal exchange rates between two countries will be determined by important macroeconomic variables. The existence of a cointegrating relationship among these fundamental variables is the backbone of the monetary model. In a recent paper, Rapach and Wohar (2002, Journal of International Economics) advance the literature by testing for linear cointegration in the monetary model using a century of data to increase power. They find evidence of cointegration in five or six of ten countries. We extend their work to the nonlinear framework by performing threshold cointegration tests that allow for asymmetric adjustments in two regimes. Asymmetric adjustments in exchange rates can occur, for example, if transactions costs are present or if policy makers react asymmetrically to changing fundamentals. Moreover, whereas Rapach and Wohar (2002) found it necessary to exclude the relative output variable in some cases to maintain the validity of their cointegration tests, we can include this variable as a stationary covariate to increase power. Overall, using their same long-span data, we find more support for cointegration in a nonlinear framework.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2010

Recently, research on variables associated with hair styles are increasing with the spreading of total coordinated intention in the fields of clothing and cosmetology. In the present study, we focused on examining the skin temperature on the scalp(the vertex, temporal, and occiput), humidity on the occiput, skin temperatures (the forehead, back of ear, back of neck, upper back, abdomen, forearm, hand, thigh, calf, and foot), rectal temperature, total body mass loss by hair styles in a thermal neutral environment. Four young females participated as subjects. For a certain period, each subject had the five different hair styles in a random order: (1)Straight short hair(SS), (2)Perm waved short hair(PS), (3) Straight long hair(SL), (4)Perm waved long hair(PL), (5)Ponytail style(PT). Subjects wore briefs, bra, shirts with long sleeves, long legged training pants, and socks. The environmental variables of a climatic chamber were kept constant at $21{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ of air temperature and 55${\pm}$5%RH of air humidity. The results indicated the following: The skin temperature and humidity on the scalp did not show any significant differences among five different hair styles, but straight long hair style(SL)was the highest on the vertex, temporal, and occiput. The temporal skin temperature($29.8\sim30.8^{\circ}C$) was the highest, while the vertex skin temperature($28.7\sim30.1^{\circ}C$) was the lowest. Humidity on the occiput was the highest in the perm waved long hair style(PL). The back of ear skin temperature was significantly lower in the ponytail style(PT) than in the other four hair styles(p<.001). In the straight long hair style(SL), the skin temperature on the back of the neck and on the upper back were significantly higher than those of the other four hair styles(p<.01). Mean skin temperature and rectal temperature had no significant differences among hair styles. Total body mass was the highest in the perm waved long hair style(PL)(p<.05). We acquired fundamental data to enable the improvement of the current hair clinic system, wigs, functional hats, and helmets.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1285-1296
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• 2013

The fundamental concerns of this paper are to analyze the effects of student course evaluation using subject characteristic and student characteristic variables. We use a 2-level hierarchical linear model since the data structure of subject characteristic and student characteristic variables is multilevel. Four models we consider are as follows; (1) null model, (2) random coefficient model, (3) mean as outcomes model, (4) intercepts and slopes as outcomes model. The results of the analysis were given as follows. First, the result of null model was that subject characteristics effects on course evaluation had much larger than student characteristics. Second, the result of conditional model specifying subject and student level predictors revealed that class size, grade, tenure, mean GPA of the class, native class for level-1, and sex, department category, admission method, mean GPA of the student for level-2 had statistically significant effects on course evaluation. The explained variance was 13% in subject level, 13% in student level.