• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.42 no.4 s.304
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

For expressing intention the human often use body languages as well as vocal languages. Of course the gestures using arms and hands are the representative ones among the body languages. Therefore it is very important to understand the human arm motion in human-computer interaction. In this respect we present here how to estimate 3D pose of human arms by using computer vision systems. For this we first focus on the idea that the human arm motion consists of mostly revolute joint motions, and then we present an algorithm for understanding 3D motion of a revolute joint using vision systems. Next we apply it to estimating 3D pose of human arms using vision systems. The fundamental idea for this algorithm extension is that we may apply the algorithm for a revolute joint to each of the revolute joints of hmm arms one after another. In designing the algorithms we focus on seeking closed-form solutions with high accuracy because we aim at applying them to human computer interaction for ubiquitous computing and virtual reality.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.109-123
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• 2011

The importance of finance in our society is truly absolute, and the of financial consumers who cope with the financial environment is becoming. Recently, many authorities in Korea to perceive the absence of serious economic or financial consumer education in order to find a fundamental solution for such a phenomenon, there is a growing need to introduce financial consumer education. This study aims to review the comprehension power of finance among consumers are college students in this society the importance of finance is becoming greater, and to a way promote financial consumer education by analyzing the demand level for The main results obtained from the include the following. First, as a result of reviewing the characteristics of respondents, their average age was 21.8 years old, and on average they each had 4.16 credit cards. Most of them had no experience of receiving financial consumer education in their teenage years, and their interest level in investment was shown to be above average. Second, as a result of reviewing their comprehension power of finance, it was shown to be 64.10 points on average their comprehension of the income area was the highest, their comprehension money management was shown to be the lowest. Third, as a result of reviewing the perception level of the provision of financial consumer education, it was shown to be very low the perception level of on-line and off-line financial consumer education provided by the YMCA was shown to be the highest. Fourth, as a result of reviewing the level financial consumer education, it was shown to be very high. For the level for institutions financial consumer education, financial institutions the highest. For the level for the method of financial consumer education, respondents chose practical experience the most and education books the least. For the intention of participating in financial consumer education, most respondents that they would participate, and most of them answered that the starting period should be the teenage years and childhood Therefore, as a result, most university student's consumers have concerned on financial education and financial inportance, it need to educate for the university student's consumers, and it need to develop technical tools and contents for ficancial education.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.561-567
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• 2013

Mixed hardwood chips were pre-pulping extracted with green liquor prior to kraft pulping in order to recover hemicelluloses for use as biofuels. This green liquor solution containing mainly sodium sulfide and sodium carbonate was applied at different alkali charges (expressed as $Na_2O$) of 0, 1, 3, and 5% on dry wood weight. The extractions were performed at $160^{\circ}C$ for residence times ranging from about 1-2 h to determine the effect of extraction severity on composition of the pre-pulping extract. The severity of hemicellulose extraction time and green liquor charge controls the concentration of acetic acid and monosaccharide sugars available for downstream processing, the accumulation of degradation products such as organic acids and furans in the extract. As the alkali charge was increased, the amount of acetate side chains on the hemicelluloses and the dissolved lignin in the extract increased but the carbohydrate and sugars in the extract decreased appreciably. Hot water extraction (0% alkali addition) released the greatest amount of carbohydrates, up to 29.80 g/L measured as component sugars, but resulted in the greatest decrease in pulp yield. Meanwhile, pre-pulping extraction with 3% green liquor increased the pulp yield while greatly reducing the component sugars to 7.08 g/L. Fundamental data obtained in this study will allow selection of optimum hemicellulose extraction conditions for integrating the extraction operation into the Kraft pulping process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2002

This study applied each Neural Networks theory and Fuzzy Set theory to improve accuracy in remotely sensed images. Remotely sensed data have been used to map land cover. The accuracy is dependent on a range of factors related to the data set and methods used. Thus, the accuracy of maps derived from conventional supervised image classification techniques is a function of factors related to the training, allocation, and testing stages of the classification. Conventional image classification techniques assume that all the pixels within the image are pure. That is, that they represent an area of homogeneous cover of a single land-cover class. But, this assumption is often untenable with pixels of mixed land-cover composition abundant in an image. Mixed pixels are a major problem in land-cover mapping applications. For each pixel, the strengths of class membership derived in the classification may be related to its land-cover composition. Fuzzy classification techniques are the concept of a pixel having a degree of membership to all classes is fundamental to fuzzy-sets-based techniques. A major problem with the fuzzy-sets and probabilistic methods is that they are slow and computational demanding. For analyzing large data sets and rapid processing, alterative techniques are required. One particularly attractive approach is the use of artificial neural networks. These are non-parametric techniques which have been shown to generally be capable of classifying data as or more accurately than conventional classifiers. An artificial neural networks, once trained, may classify data extremely rapidly as the classification process may be reduced to the solution of a large number of extremely simple calculations which may be performed in parallel.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.5-15
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• 2011

This paper presents two analysis methods for characterizing the non-linear finite strain consolidation behavior of highly deformable dredged soil deposits along with the fundamental parameters obtained in the companion paper; that is, the zero effective stress void ratio, the non-linear relationships of void ratio-effective stress and void ratio-hydraulic conductivity. The simplified Morris's analytical solution (2002) and the widely recognized numerical program, PSDDF (primary Consolidation, Secondary Compression, and Desiccation of Dredged Fill) for both single and double drainage conditions are adopted in this paper to verify a series of laboratory experiments for self-weight consolidation of the Incheon clay and Kaolinite. The comparisons show that the analysis methods proposed herein can properly simulate the long-term non-linear finite strain consolidation behavior for dredged soils in the field. In addition, a case study for the artificial Craney Island has been conducted to illustrate the importance of obtaining appropriate non-linear finite strain consolidation parameters and the applicability of PSDDF in promoting dredged soil disposal.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.49
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• pp.181-199
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• 2017

One of the most lasting and influential projects for radical reform of Korean universities is a discourse on networking national and public universities. The discourse, proposed with a level equalization of universities as its ideological basis has raised various discussions and suggestions in the past 20 years. It was proposed as a fundamental solution to the 'disastrous' hierarchical structure of universities and 'hellish' entrance exam competition. This paper aims at reexamining the efficacy of its ideological proposition and its practicability at the present time in reference to such foreign cases, which have worked as model cases for this discourse: the reformation of the University of Paris and the California master plan for higher education in the 1960s. The two different contexts, however, should be considered in applying the cases to Korean university reform. 1) The foreign cases of united universities were formed 'naturally' in the expanding phases of higher education while the Korean project pursued 'artificially' in the midst of reconstructing process. 2) The foreign cases had an overall influence on education in general as most of the universities in those countries were public or national, while the effect of Korean project will be very limited as most of the university students attend private universities. Besides those differences, the new situations surrounding universities such as globalized competitiveness and technological innovation is making the idea of standardization of universities obsolete. Korean university reform should not be centered on the integration of universities but on their characterization and enhance the specific strengths of each group of universities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.74-79
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• 2019

The military vehicle produces electric power through an engine-integrated serial hybrid generator that is connected to the engine and does not have a separate generator installation space. However, depending on the mechanical characteristics of the connection between the generator and the engine, iron oxide for internal rusting and lubrication grew scattered. The iron oxide is adhered to the starter to deteriorate the starting performance, and there is a problem that the noise of the leg due to wear of the gear is increased. To solve this problem, the connection spline material and the surface treatment of the engine were improved and the shape was changed to a grease sealing type to prevent the generation of iron oxide inside. As the shape of the generator connector composing the shafting system was changed, the integrity of the structure was confirmed through the torsional endurance test. In addition, through the actual vehicle load test, it was verified that no corrosion occurred during the target life span without internal corrosion. It was confirmed that the anti-scattering structure of the grease effectively suppresses the generation of iron oxide, thereby reducing the noise generated from the generator. In this paper, we propose a fundamental solution to the degradation of the starter and the noise generation by preventing the back corrosion caused by the serial hybrid generator installed between the engine and the transmission.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.24-35
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• 2019

It is known that ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ (carbon-13 isotope of dissolved inorganic carbonate (DIC) ions) of water increases when dissolved $CO_2$ degases. However, ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ could decrease when the pH of water is lower than 5.5 at the early stage of degassing. Laboratory experiments were performed to observe the changes of ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ as $CO_2$ degassed from three different artificial $CO_2$-rich waters (ACWs) in which the initial pH was 4.9, 5.4, and 6.4, respectively. The pH, alkalinity and ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ were measured until 240 hours after degassing began and those data were compared with kinetic isotope fractionation calculations. Furthermore, same experiment was conducted with the natural $CO_2$-rich water (pH 4.9) from Daepyeong, Sejong City. As a result of experiments, we could observe the decrease of DIC and increase of pH as the degassing progressed. ACW with an initial pH of 6.4, ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ kept increasing but, in cases where the initial pH was lower than 5.5, ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ decreased until 6 hours. After 6 hours ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ increased within all cases because the $CO_2$ degassing caused pH increase and subsequently the ratio of $HCO_3{^-}$ in solution. In the early stage of $CO_2$ degassing, the laboratory measurements were well matched with the calculations, but after about 48 hours, the experiment results were deviated from the calculations, probably due to the equilibrium interaction with the atmosphere and precipitation of carbonates. The result of this study may be not applicable to all natural environments because the pressure and $CO_2$ concentration in headspace of reaction vessels was not maintained constant as well as the temperature. Nevertheless, this study provides fundamental knowledge on the ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ evolution during $CO_2$ degassing, and therefore it can be utilized in the studies about carbonated water with low pH and the monitoring of geologic carbon sequestration.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.601-609
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• 2018

Microcystis aeruginosa, a freshwater cyanobacteria species known to be one of the most predominant species responsible for cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs). It has been frequently associated with the contamination of neurotoxins and peptide hepatotoxins, such as microcystin and lipopolysaccharides-LPSs. CyanoHABs control technologies so far put in place do not provide a fundamental solution and cause secondary pollution linked with the control measures. For this study, algicidal peptides, which have been reported to be non-toxic and to have antimicrobial properties, were employed for the development of novel eco-friendly control against CyanoHABs. The four peptides (CMA1, CMA2, HPA3P, and HPA3NT3) selected in this study showed significant algicidal effects against M. aeruginosa cells inducing cell aggregation and flotation. Moreover, the newly generated peptides (K160242-5) with certain modifications also displayed high algicidal activity. The algicidal activity of the peptides was found to depend on the concentrations and structures of each of amino acid. The results of this study suggested a novel possibility of CyanoHABs control using the non-toxic algicidal peptides.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.38
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• pp.3-35
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• 2013

The physical access or control of records with material entities is relatively easy. However, in the case of electronic records, due to its heightened applicative aspect that allows anyone with the authority to have access over the data, it requires an appropriate standard and stability to ensure the authenticity and integrity of electronic records. This study performed functional evaluation by extracting the minimum critical items from the national functional requirements documents and standards to explore the access control function that play an important role for the standard records management system to maintain quality requirements of electronic records. Based on this checklist, it evaluates whether the standard records management system properly carries out the access control function and investigates the current condition of application to practical records management work. Records managers generally do not use access control function, which may be because they do not feel the necessity, since the application of records management system is not yet actively promoted. In order for the standard records management system to be developed to become a more active system, it requires system improvement as well as considerations for below factors: First, although the necessity of establishing access control conditions is already recognized, it requires a clear stipulation of the regulation. Second, measures must be taken to implement access control in the records management system through document security solution. Third, it requires self-reflection of records manager, who utilizes the records management system. Instead of placing all responsibility on the National Archives, which established the system, professionals must further develop the system through continuous evaluation and improvement. Finally, a general discussion is required to publicize the issue of functional improvement of records management system. Although there is a bulletin board already created for this purpose, its users are extremely limited and it only deals with current problems. A space in online as well as in offline is required to solve the fundamental problems and exchange opinions.