• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.648-662
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• 2004

These days fashion market is overflown with many brands and their identities are not so clear that the advertisement emphasizing the characteristics of the products don＇t seem to be adequate in appealing the customers. Therefore it is required that the sensible image advertisement which appeals to the customers by stimulating their feeling and sensitivity to attract customer＇s interest. At that point, VMD especially of POP advertisement that can be attract direct purchasing plays an important part to build up the accurate image of brand to consumers. Even thought today＇s individualized consumers take much interested in the fresh and original expressions, the visual expressions of fashion advertisements still focus on using photographs. The most advertisement of photograph has a limit that it shows only an immediate fraction, so it can＇t present whole image It can deliver more- imaginations and message than photograph if fashion illustration is used in advertisement. Therefore the purpose of this study was to present the application of fashion illustration for the POP advertisement Twelve pieces of fashion illustrations were produced and classified three parts according to their images and expression techniques. Paper sculpture techniques were applied for fashion image expression, for paper is easily meet daily life and ecological materials. For study procedure and contents, the concept and useful functions of fashion illustration and the concept of paper sculpture were examined as a theoretical background, and various uses and techniques of paper sculpture by analysing a number of paper sculpture art works were also studied. Also the concept, roles and functions of POP advertisement were discussed, and then the examples that the fashion illustration applied in the advertisement were analyzed through case study. The theme of my works was jean fashion brand whose brand image is significant, Twelve pieces of fashion illustrations using paper sculpture techniques were produced and various kinds of paper were used in expressing the paper sculpture technique. Each works were cut out the forms and used a pertinent light for making cubic effect shadow when displayed them. In my works Ⅰand Ⅱ, Ⅰ illustrated jeans in two images of sexy and casual, these were created slightly bigger than actual body size in order to attract consumer＇s gaze at show window or store. In my works Ⅲ, Ⅰ illustrated part or model of a jean product so that it could be used as addition to main display.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.897-908
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• 2009

Inscriptions are integral parts of the current science textbooks, and become medium that makes sense of scientific concepts effectively. This study analyzed the inscriptions from five science textbooks at the secondary level in terms of its type, function, and structures. Analyzing types of inscriptions resulted that the ratio of frequently used photographs and illustrations were much higher than that of graphs and tables used. In case of function analysis, illustrative and complementary functions were dominant in terms of frequency and ratio, whereas explanatory, decorative and inquisitive functions were relatively rare. Inscriptions of single structure was much more than multiple structure. Multiple structure of pair and series were mainly used for representing contrast and sequence, respectively. The proportion of inscriptions in type, function and structure across the textbooks was significantly different. Based on the results, it was suggested that semiotic study about the function and the structure of inscriptions need to be carried out in earth science area to better understand the pedagogical implications of inscriptions in school science.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.301-321
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• 2016

The objective of this paper is to investigate buckling behavior of composite laminated cylinders by using semi-analytical finite strip method. The shell is subjected to deformation-dependent loads which remain normal to the shell middle surface throughout the deformation process. The load stiffness matrix, which is responsible for variation of load direction, is also throughout the deformation process. The shell is divided into several closed strips with alignment of their nodal lines in the circumferential direction. The governing equations are derived based on the first-order shear deformation theory with Sanders-type of kinematic nonlinearity. Displacements and rotations of the shell middle surface are approximated by combining polynomial functions in the meridional direction and truncated Fourier series along with an appropriate number of harmonic terms in the circumferential direction. The load stiffness matrix, which is responsible for variation of load direction, is also derived for each strip and after assembling, global load stiffness matrix of the shell is formed. The numerical illustrations concern the pressure stiffness effect on buckling pressure under various conditions. The results indicate that considering pressure stiffness causes buckling pressure reduction which in turn depends on various parameters such as geometry and lay-ups of the shell.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

In the reverse engineering, surfaces are modeled for new products by interpolating the digitized data points obtained by measuring the existing shapes. However, many measuring or deviation errors are happened during the measuring process. If these errors are ignored, designers could get undesirable results. Therefore, it is important to handle such errors and fairing procedure with the esthetics criteria is needed during surface modeling process. This paper presents algorithms for the fairing of B-spline surfaces. The algorithms are based on automatic repositioning of control points for B-spline surfaces. New positions of the control points are determined by solving a non-linear programming of which the objective functions are derived variously using derived surfaces and constraints are established by distance measures between the original and the modified control points. Changes in surface shapes are analyzed by illustrations of their shapes and continuous plotting of gaussian and mean curvatures.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.139-151
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• 1997

An ATM switching system may be designed so that communications between processors of its control part can be performed via its switching network rather than a separate inter-processor communications (IPC) network. In such a system, there should be interfaces to convent IPC traffic from message format to cell format and vice versa, that is, mechanisms to perform the SAR (Segmentation And Reassembly) sublayer functions. In this paper, we concern the cell reassembly mechanism among them, mainly focussed on buffer management schemes. We consider a few alternatives to implement cell reassembly function block, namely, separated buffering, reserved buffering and shared buffering in this paper. In case of separated and reserved buffering, we employ a continuous time Markov chain for the performance evaluation of cell reassembly mechanism, judicially defining the states of the mechanism. Performance measures such as measage loss probability, mean number of message queued in buffer and average reassembly delay are obtianed in closed forms. In case of shared buffering, we compare the alternatives for implementing cell reassembly function block using simulation because it is almost impossible to analyze the mechanism of shared buffering by analytical modeling. Some illustrations are given for the performance analysis of the alternatives to implement cell reassembly function block.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.120-125
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• 2016

Usually, a risk can be expressed as a product of likelihood and consequence of a hazard factor. Therefore, conventional risk assessment is carried out by frequency analysis and severity analysis, in turns. However, it is well known that intuitive thinking is another excellent way of thinking of human beings. This study aimed to confirm whether there exist any difference in risk assessment results derived by two different procedures - intuitive and analytical. Thus, the present study showed 10 different illustrations to 30 undergraduate students. Their responses were organized as fuzzy membership functions, and summarized as risk assessments, and compared. The results were also verified with the help of statistical hypothesis testing, which showed no significant difference. On the contrary, however, similarity measure used in fuzzy set theory was not credible as anticipated. Many cases failed to satisfy statistical hypothesis even with similarity measure higher than 0.60 so that only a trend could be accepted. In addition, a subject showed a somewhat consistent logical discrepancy in his response, which implied the necessity of sincere analysis in fuzzy formulations.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.587-602
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• 2023

This article presents the numerical modelling of transient heat transfer in highly heterogeneous composite materials where the thermal conductivity, specific heat and density are assumed to be directional-dependent. This article uses a coupled finite element-finite difference scheme to perform the transient heat transfer analysis of unidirectional (1D) and multidirectional (2D/3D) functionally graded composite panels. Here, 1D/2D/3D functionally graded structures are subjected to nonuniform heat source and inhomogeneous boundary conditions. Here, the multidirectional functionally graded materials are modelled by varying material properties in individual or in-combination of spatial directions. Here, fully spatial-dependent material properties are evaluated using Voigt's micromechanics scheme via multivariable power-law functions. The weak form is obtained through the Galerkin method and solved further via the element-space and time-step discretisation through the 2D-isoparametric finite element and the implicit backward finite difference schemes, respectively. The present model is verified by comparing it with the previously reported results and the commercially available finite element tool. The numerous illustrations confirm the significance of boundary conditions and material heterogeneity on the transient temperature responses of 1D/2D/3D functionally graded panels.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.109-132
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• 2003

The purpose of the present study is to explore effective ways of teaching English grammar, which is geared toward improving students' communicative competence. Grammatical competence is essential to communicative competence. Grammatical knowledge cannot be acquired unconsciously in an EFL environment such as in Korea. Therefore learners should be given grammar instruction. More importantly, they should be instructed in grammar so that they can develop their grammatical abilities which are the foundation of communicative competence. The following is proposed for the grammar instruction placing the focus on improving communicative competence. First, it is effective to explain the form, meaning and pragmatics of a grammatical rule to learners in Korean. Second, learners should be given instruction in grammatical patterns that deals with constructions and meanings together, which can enable them to produce sentences by themselves. Third, it should be taught to understand constructions and meanings on the basis of word orders. Then the following steps of grammar instruction are suggested. In the first step of grammatical instruction, students should be provided with the illustrations of grammatical structures which link communicative functions and grammar. In the second step, learners should be gotten to practice grammatical constructions repeatedly enough to use them unconsciously. Lastly, communicative activities such as description and role plays should be included in grammar instruction to integrate grammar practice and communicative language use.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.681-686
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• 2023

The study aims to develop horticulture-based VR content so that users can find rest in their chaotic daily lives. Healing contents that increase user participation, immersion, emotional stability, and creativity and concentration were implemented by using teleports, plant illustrations, inventory, NPC functions, and drawing games. Garden viewing content using VR technology requires technical research and development to overcome the difference from reality, which can increase the reality of the content and the completeness of the experience. The reality of the VR experience will be increased by using high-resolution displays, high-performance processors, and sensors, and user feedback will be collected and continuously improved. Through this, users present new methods by relieving stress, feeling emotional stability, and providing experiences that are impossible in reality.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.633-642
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• 2008

Variable selection algorithm for partial least square regression using penalty function is proposed. We use the fact that usual partial least square regression problem can be expressed as a maximization problem with appropriate constraints and we will add penalty function to this maximization problem. Then simulated annealing algorithm can be used in searching for optimal solutions of above maximization problem with penalty functions added. The HARD penalty function would be suggested as the best in several aspects. Illustrations with real and simulated examples are provided.