• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.423-428
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• 2010

In the initial design phase of superscalar microprocessors, a performance model is necessary. A theoretic performance model is very useful since performance for various architecture parameters can be obtained by simply computing equations, without repeating simulations, Previous studies established theoretic performance models using the relation between the instruction window size and the issue width, with the penalties due to branch mispredictions and cache misses. However, the study was intended for unlimited number of functional units, which is insufficient for the real case application. This paper proposes a superscalar microprocessor theoretical performance model which also works for the limited functional units. To enhance the accuracy of our limited functional unit model, instruction dependency rates are employed. By using trace-driven data of SPEC 2000 integer programs as input, this paper shows that the theoretically computed performance of superscalar microprocessor with limited number of functional units is quite similar to the measured performance.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.837-840
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• 2005

This paper presents 3D graphics lighting processor based on vector processing using pipeline chaining. The lighting process of 3D graphics rendering contains many arithmetic operations and its complexity is very high. For high throughput, proposed processor uses pipelined functional units. To implement fully pipelined architecture, we have to use many functional units. Hence, the number of functional units is restricted. However, with the restricted number of pipelined functional units, the utilization of the units is reduced and a resource reservation problem is caused. To resolve these problems, the proposed architecture uses vector processing using pipeline chaining. Due to its pipeline chaining based architecture, it can perform 4.09M vertices per 1 second with 100MHz frequency. The proposed 3D graphics lighting processor is compatible with OpenGL ES API and the design is implemented and verified on FPGA.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2016

Studies in key account management (KAM) have identified the importance of cross-functional coordination in firms to effectively implement KAM. However, these studies have ignored how companies integrate KAM and other customer management (non-KAM). This paper explores coordination design between KAM units and non-KAM units by analyzing a case study through three dimensions: front-end coordination, back-end-coordination, and organizational translation at the beginning of research. The case study shows that non-KAM conditions can require a modification of the coordination design. This research performs an in-depth analysis of changes in the implementation of sales reforms for an IT-related machinery and system vendor in Japan. Data sources include interviews with KAM units and non-KAM sales units and an analysis of secondary data. This paper suggests that studying the coordination between KAM units and non-KAM units will further our understanding of internal coordination in KAM research.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 산술 연산을 수행하는 연산자의 수가 많은 펑션유닛의 입력 데이터의 스위칭을 최소화하여 소비 전력을 줄인다. 따라서 회로전체의 전력 소모를 줄이기 위해 연산자가 소모하는 전력을 우선적으로 최소화하는 것은 전력 감소의 큰 효과를 가진다. 본 논문은 VLSI회로에서 전력소비에 가장 영향을 많이 미치는 펑션유닛의 연산과정에서 소비하는 전력을 최소화하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 펑션유닛에서 모든 연산은 전력소비 정보를 가진 전력 라이브러리를 이용하여 피연산자를 스케줄링한다. 전력 라이브러리는 펑션유닛의 모든 입력에 대해 각각의 컨트롤 스텝마다 입력 데이터의 정보를 갱신하고, 그 정보는 스케줄링 과정에서 사용되어진다. 따라서 모든 연산에서 최적화된 데이터를 펑션유닛의 입력으로 하여 전력소비를 최소화 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 상위 레벨 합성 과정에서 펑션유닛에 대한 최소의 전력소비를 위하여 제안하는 알고리즘을 적용하여 실험한 결과 최대 9.4%의 전력 감소효과가 있었다.

• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제34C권9호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1997

Processors using the superscalar rchitecture can achieve high performance by executing multipel instructions in a clock cycle. It is made possible by having multiple functional units and issuing multiple instructions to functional units simultaneously. But instructions can be dependent on one another and these dependencies prevent some instructions form being issued at the same cycle. In this paper, we designed an issue unit of a superscalar RISC microprocessor that can issue four instructions per cycle. The issue unit receives instructions form a prefetch unit, and issues them in order at a rate of as high as four instructions in one cycle for maximum utilization of functional units. By using an instruction buffer, the unit decouples instruction fetch and issue to improve instruction ussue rate. The issue unit is composed of an instruction buffer and an instruction decoder. The instruction buffer aligns and stores instructions from the prefetch unit, and sends the earliest four available isstructions to the instruction decoder. The instruction decoder decodes instructions, and issues them if they are free form data dependencies and necessary functional units and rgister file prots are available. The issue unit is described with behavioral level HDL (lhardware description language). The result of simulation using C programs shows that instruction issue rate is improved as the instruction buffer size increases, and 12-entry instruction buffer is found to be optimum considering performance and hardware cost of the instruction buffer.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.2531-2534
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• 2007

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.24-36
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• 2016

The aims of this study is to investigate the status of nursing care delivery systems and nurse staffing levels and to analyze differences in the quality of nursing care by the type of nursing care delivery system. This research was based on data from 723 nurses working in 55 medical and surgical units in 26 general hospitals. Descriptive statistics on nurse staffing levels and the nursing care delivery system, and multi-level logistic regression were used to estimate the determinants of quality of nursing care. The number of patients per nurse is 17.74 patients in functional nursing care and 15.56 patients in total nursing care. In comparison to hospitals adopting total nursing care, hospitals with functional nursing care had greater patients. The nurses rated units using total nursing care as significantly better quality of nursing care than the units with functional nursing care. Total nursing care or modified total nursing care, rather than functional nursing care, could lead to improvement in the quality of care(total nursing care OR=3.895, modified total nursing care OR=2.475). Patient-centered approaches under proper circumstances can be successfully implemented and the positive effects demonstrated.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 하계종합학술대회논문집
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• pp.803-806
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• 1998

This thesis proposes a new heuristic algorithm of integrated allocation and binding for high level synthesis. The proposed algorithm simultaneously allocates binds functional units, interconnections and registers by considering interdependency between operations and storage elements in each control step, in order to share registers and interconnections connected to functional units, as much as possible. This thesis shows the effectiveness of the algorithm by comparing the results of out experiments with those of existing system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.2279-2285
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• 2011

The geometries, electronic structures and absorption spectra of the two organic triphenylamine-based dyes TA-St-CA and TA-DM-CA, containing identical electron donors and acceptors but the different conjugated bridges, were studied by density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP and PBE1PBE levels, respectively. The influence of para-orientating methoxyl units on the electronic structures and light absorption properties of the dyes and the consequent photovoltaic performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were investigated in detail. The results indicate that the introduction of the para-orientating methoxyl units into the conjugated bridge induces the increased absorption wavelength as well as the more negative EHOMO corresponding to the bigger driving force $(E_{I^-/I^-_3}-E_{HOMO})$ for dye reduction, which together improve the photovoltaic performance of TA-DM-CA, although there is a decline of the open circuit voltage caused by the more negative $E_{LUMO}$.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.28.1-28.7
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to present three-dimensional (3D) structural characteristics of the mandible in the hemifacial microsomia. The mandible has six distinct functional units, and its architecture is the sum of balanced growth of each functional unit and surrounding matrix. Methods: In order to characterize the mandibular 3D architecture of hemifacial microsomia, we analyzed the mandibular functional units of four hemifacial microsomia patients using the 3D reconstructed computed tomography (CT) images. And we compared the functional unit size between affected and non-affected side. Results: The length of condyle and angle showed significant differences between affected and non-affected sides. However, the length of mandibular body showed insignificant differences. The size differences between affected and non-affected side were observed at the condyle, angle, and body in descending order. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that the main etiopathogenic units are condyle and angle in the hemifacial microsomia mandible. Further investigation with the increased number of subjects will be helpful to establish treatment modality by etiopathogenic targeting of hemifacial microsomia.