• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 2007

Purpose : Shoulder subluxation is a very common problem in patients with hemiplegia with stroke. Prevention of the low tone subluxed shoulder has been an issue for physical therapists working with neurological patients for many years. Methods : This study reviewed the literature to definite the management and a cause of shoulder subluxation with hemiplegia patients after stroke. Various modalities have been suggested for realigning the glenohumeral joint, but their use is controversial. The purpose of this paper is to review critically the evidence base in order to inform the clinical decision-making process for physiotherapists working in neurology. Results : Literature has identified supports, strapping and functional electrical stimulation(FES) in the management of low tone shoulders. Following review of this evidence it is suggested that there is a lack of reliable and valid research evidence on which to base conclusions. The modalities with the best supporting evidence for realigning the low tone subluxed glenohumeral joint are the triangular sling, Harris hemi sling and the Rolyan humeral cuff used in a standing position and the lap board and arm trough while the patient is sitting. However, due to soft tissue adaptation with associated lack of movement, over-correction and the need for careful patient positioning these supports need to be evaluated for each patient and should be used only in appropriate situations. Conclusion : Similarly, there is a lack of evidence on the effects of long-term use to this equipment. Electrical stimulation is also thought to have potential in the treatment to subluxed low tone shoulders but additional research is required to clarify the parameters for use and the long-term effects of these forms of management.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.198-202
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• 2012

Background : Maxillary hypoplasia refers to a deficiency in the growth of the maxilla commonly seen in patients with a repaired cleft palate. Those who develop maxillary hypoplasia can be offered a repositioning of the maxilla to a functional and esthetic position. Velopharyngeal dysfunction is one of the important problems affecting speech after maxillary advancement surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maxillary advancement on repaired cleft palate patients without preoperative deterioration in speech compared with non-cleft palate patients. Methods : Eighteen patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy between 2005 and 2011. One patient was excluded due to preoperative deterioration in speech. Eight repaired cleft palate patients belonged to group A, and 9 non-cleft palate patients belonged to group B. Speech assessments were performed preoperatively and postoperatively by using a speech screening protocol that consisted of a list of single words designed by Ok-Ran Jung. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine if there were significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative outcomes in each group A and B. And Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine if there were significant differences in the change of score between groups A and B. Results : No patients had any noticeable change in speech production on perceptual assessment after maxillary advancement in our study. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between groups A and B. Conclusions : Repaired cleft palate patients without preoperative velopharyngeal dysfunction would not have greater risk of deterioration of velopharyngeal function after maxillary advancement compared to non-cleft palate patients.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.353-357
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• 2011

An embedded two-axis solar tracking system was developed by using AVR micro controller for enhancing solar energy utilization. The system consists of an Atmega128 micro controller, two step motors, two step drive modules, CdS sensors, GPS module and other accessories needed for functional stability. This system is controlled by both an astronomical method and an optical method. Initial operation is performed by the result from the astronomical method, which is followed by the fine controlled operation using the signals from Cds sensors. The GPS sensor generates UTC, longitude and latitude data where the solar tracker is installed. A database of solar altitude, azimuth, and sunrise and sunset times is provided by UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter).

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.42-53
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• 2002

This paper has checked the position and roles of IT(Information Technology) for future society greeting the open campus in 21 century. The idea was focused 'how to construct IT manpower growing system for electronics related departments that are expected to lead the whole industries in 30 years. The problem how to grow competitive manpower and to receive the necessity of industries flexibly is hot issue for the various education system and it should be linked to career education. Also it is very important element how to realize practically open campus education in the lifelong vocational society. This theme has described the organization between IT related department and school for the functional realization of the center (laboratory) based module type muti semester education system, and has proposed an unique direction of the education development that is shown the relationship between virtual education and open education system suitable for new era. Especially it has depicted the idea how to cooperate with virtual education and lifelong education system through 'CIMTL(Center for Information Media Technology Learning)'.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.433-437
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• 2007

Bis(dithiobenzil) metal complex, used as functional NIR absorbing dye and photostabilizer, was synthesized using bezoin and anisoin as intermediate compounds. And squarylium, a charge generation material, was synthesized to find its photostability effect. The structure of the product was determined by $^1H-NMR$ and FT-IR and the thermal property was analyzed by DSC and TGA. Optical property and photostability were determined by UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. High absorbance was obtained in the NIR range and maximum absorbing wavelength was shifted depending on the nature and position of substituent in the bis(dithiobenzil) metal complex. The photofading effect of squarylium decreased by the addition of bis(dithiobenzil) metal complex.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.240-247
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate marginal bone loss to the bone crest functionally loaded for up to eighteen months and also with regard to other variables of interest. Material and Methods: 135 endosseous implants(GS II, Osstem, South Korea) were placed in 35 patients. The design of GS II implant is straight with the microthread. Radiographic examinations were conducted at baseline (implant loading) and 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months after loading. Marginal bone level measurement was made from the reference point to the lowest observed point of contact of the marginal bone with the fixture. The reference point of the fixture was the border between the blasted surface and machined surface of the fixture. Results: Implants were on function for a mean 12.7 months(range, 3?18 months). For the 56 maxillary and 79 mandibular implants, mean marginal bone loss was 0.68 mm and 0.70 mm. Implants placed maxillary posterior area displayed more crestal bone loss than the other position. The difference between mesial and distal bone levels was statistically significant (p<0.05) with respective means of 0.51 mm and 0.62 mm. Also, The difference between bone graft group and no-bone graft group was statistically significant(p<0.05) with respective means of 0.38 mm and 0.66 mm. But no statistically significant influence of sex, type of surgery(one or two stage surgery), the implant length was observed(p>0.05). Conclusion: This study indicates the amount of marginal bone loss around implant has maintained a relative stable during follow-up periods.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2020

Background: Stroke patients experience multiple dysfunctions that include motor and sensory impairments. Therefore, new intervention methods require a gradational approach depending on functional levels of a stroke patient's activity and should include cognition treatment to allow for a patient's active participation in rehabilitation. Objects: This study investigates the effect of integrated revision of electrical sensory stimulation, which stimulates somatosensory and action observation training, which is synchronized cognition intervention method on stroke patients' functions. Methods: Twenty-one stroke patients were randomized into two groups. The two groups underwent twenty minutes of intervention five times a week for three weeks. This study used an electromyogram to evaluate symmetric muscle activation of lower extremities and muscle onset time when performing sit to stand before and after intervention. A weight-bearing ratio was used to evaluate the weight-bearing of the affected side in a sit to standing. To evaluate sit to stand performance ability, this study performed five timed sit to stand tests. Results: The two groups both showed statistically significant improvement in muscle onset time of lower extremity, static balance ability in a standing position, and sit to stand performance after the intervention (p < 0.05). In addition, the action observation and synchronized electrical sensory stimulation group showed significant improvement in symmetric muscle activation of lower extremities and weight-bearing ratio of the affected side (p < 0.05). Conclusion: action observation and synchronized electrical sensory stimulation (AOT with ESS) can have positive effects on a stroke patient's sit to stand performance, and the intervention method that provides integrated AOT with ESS can be used as new nervous system intervention program.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.1 s.33
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• pp.167-174
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• 2005

With the progress of portable appliances such as cell phone and handhold PC, the popularization of Personal Area Network (PAN) and the diversification of services that are based on Personal Mobile Gateway (PMG) . To use home services at any time regardless of their Position, it needs a virtual home network that a home network and outside networks are finally integrated. Although interoperability among home appliances reached their service stage, research for services and middleware for new small scale network such as PAN is at an early stage. Traditional home network service/connection methods, terminal control schemes, and middlewares must be extended to accommodate PMG-based PAM. In this paper, we propose an integrated virtual home network Platform that guarantees seamless connections between home network and PAM. We also analyze indispensable functions and presents functions that should be added existent home gateway or home sewer by function.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activities in the frontal plane and scapular plane of the middle fiber and lower fiber of the trapezius muscle at different shoulder abduction angles. Methods: Twenty male and female students in their 20s participated in this study. Each subject maintained shoulder abduction at $75^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $125^{\circ}$, and $160^{\circ}$ in a standing position and repeated motions three times each in the frontal plane and the scapular plane. While maintaining the motions for 10 seconds in each posture, surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activity of the middle fiber and lower fiber of the trapezius muscle. The collected EMG data were normalized using maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Differences in muscle activity of the middle fiber and lower fiber of the trapezius muscles according to the angles at each plane were statistically processed using repeated measured analysis of variance, and an independent t-test was used to examine the differences between the two planes at each angle. Results: Muscle activity of the middle and lower trapezius during shoulder abduction in the frontal plane and scapular plane significantly increased as the angles increased (p<.05). However, muscle activity of the middle trapezius was significantly lower in the scapular plane than in the frontal plane for all shoulder abduction angles (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that during shoulder abduction, angles should be different according to the goals, and for training during an acute phase or early phase for functional recovery, it is more efficient to perform the training in the scapular plane than in the frontal plane.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.11-26
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• 2009

1. Objectives : This research was purposed to reconsider the Dong-Mu's Theory of Nature and Mind(生情論). 2. Methods : The Dong-Mu's interpretation on the first chapter of "The Doctrine of Mean(中庸)", and the related contents of Nature and Emotion(性情) in his literature such as "Gyukchigo(格致藁)", "Donguisusebowon-Sasang chobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)" and "Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)" were reviewed. 3. Results and Conclusions : 1. Dong-Mu reinterpreted the concepts about 'Providence(天命) and Human Nature(人性)', 'Not-yet-intentional state(未發) and Intentional state(已發)', 'Nature and Mind(性情)' and 'Equilibrium and Harmony(中和)' in "The Doctrine of Mean", and used these concepts as logical tools in explanation of his thoughts of Human being and medical theory. 2. The generating principle of Nature and Mind(性情) presented as sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure is 'the Principle of Human nature(性理)', which is embodied as 'the Principle of Organ(臟理)' in "Donguisusebowon". The Principle of Organ(臟理) is originated from Heart and lie at lung, spleen, liver and kidney as the form of Four Virtue(四德). 3. The Principle of Organ(臟理) has the position of superintendence and is the generating principle of Nature and Emotion(性情), by which the structural and functional variations between different constitutional types are formed. 4. Dong-Mu's newly established concept of Nature and Emotion(性情) is the core logic in his idea of physiology, pathology and self-cultivation.