• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.141-146
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different frequency on muscle function of the thigh in patients with degenerative knee arthritis during the functional electrical stimulation (FES). Method: For this study, 16 male participants over 65 who patients with degenerative knee arthritis were recruited as research participants. In this research, isokinetic muscular function, EMG, and joint position sensation were performed after FES treatment was applied for three conditions (FES 20, FES 50, and Without FES). For each dependent variable, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was to determine whether there were significant differences among three different conditions (p<.05). When a significant difference was found, post hoc analyses were performed by using the contrast procedure. Results: When compared to FES 50 and without FES, FES 20 causes significant increase in isometric knee extension strength. No significant differences were found in EMG values across different EMS conditions. Conclusion: The present study examined isokinetic muscular function, EMG, and joint position sensation in order to investigate the effects of different frequency muscle function of knee extensors during the functional electrical stimulation. The results of this study showed that FES with 20 Hz frequency had positive effect on knee extensor. Based on the findings of the present study, FES with lower frequency may help the performer to focus on developing strength in knee extensor muscles.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.119-127
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to show the effect of elastic band on balance and functional ability in chronic stroke patients living in community. Methods: The subjects who participated in the study were 9 patients with chronic stroke. One of them gave up during the study, finally 8 patients performed. The intervention was conducted once a week for 10 weeks. In this study functional reach test (FRT), timed up and go test (TUG), Tinetti performance oriented mobility assessment (Tinetti-POMA) were measured for balance. The coordination training of arms and legs using the elastic band was performed in three positions as supine, side lying, sitting. One arm performed flexion-adduction- external rotation with elbow flexion pattern and the opposite side(diagonal) leg was performed flexion-adduction-external rotation with knee flexion pattern, the other arm's pattern was extension-abduction-internal rotation with elbow extension and the opposite side (diagonal) leg was in extension-abduction-internal rotation with knee extension pattern. The training was performed in each position for 15 minutes in per position. The participants had a five minute break after each training. Results: The results are as follows. FRT and Tinetti-POMA showed significant increase statistically in each position. The TUG showed significant decrease statistically in each position. Conclusion: Even though the coordination training with elastic band had performed once a week, it showed positive effects on balance in chronic stroke patients. Therefore, if we can suggest the appropriate frequencies of coordination training of arms and legs using the elastic band, it can be a method to improve daily life and life quality to patients with chronic stroke.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2022

PURPOSE: The functional limitations in stroke survivors promote sedentary lifestyles and quality of life inadequacies, but there is increasing evidence that this could be minimized by physical exercise. Therefore, this study examined the effects of physical exercise on the quality of life (QoL) and functional capacity (ability to stand up from a sitting position) among stroke survivors drafted from two tertiary hospitals in Osogbo, Nigeria. METHODS: A purposive sampling technique was used to select 21 registered right or left outpatient hemiplegic stroke survivors in a pre- and post-test experimental research design. The research questions were presented using descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, while an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the study hypothesis at the .05 alpha level for significance. RESULTS: Compared to the baseline (week 0), there were significant increases in the general quality of life, healthy well-being, physical exercise, pain perception, and environmental domains of QOL among the survivors in week four. Moreover, a significant increase was observed in these indices in week eight, compared to week four, except for the pain perception domain. Compared to the baseline, there was a significant decrease in the time it took the stroke survivors to stand up from a sitting position in week four. A significant decrease was observed in this index in week eight compared to week four. CONCLUSION: Marked corridor 20 meters brief walking exercise for eight weeks significantly improved the quality of life and ability to stand up from a sitting position in stroke survivors in Osogbo, Nigeria.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of neck and shoulder self-stretching exercise using audiovisual media on neck pain, postural alignment, and joint position error in women with chronic neck pain. Methods: The subjects included 20 women that gave consent to participate in the study voluntarily. They performed the self-stretching exercises using audiovisual media was carried out 20 minutes 5 times a week during 3 weeks. Neck disability index (NDI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to measure the functional disability and pain, A pressure pain threshold was measured using an algometer, and a cervical range of motion (CROM) measurement tool was used to measure the range of motion and error of proprioceptive position sense of the cervical spine. To assess posture alignment, forward head angle (FHA), forward shoulder angle (FSA) were measured using image J software. Results: The neck pain intensity was statistically significantly within group (p<.05). Neck and shoulder functional disability were a statistically significant difference within group (p<.05). Splenius capitis and upper trapezius pressure pain threshold were statistically significant difference in within group (p<.05). The postural alignment was statistically significantly within group (p<.05). The cervical range of motion in neck extension, right and left lateral flexion were statistically significantly within group (p<.05). The joint position error in neck flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion decreased statistically significantly within group (p<.05). Conclusion: Self-stretching exercise using audiovisual media increased the mobility of the neck, decreased neck pain and joint position error, and improved posture alignment. As a result, there was a positive effect by applying the self-stretching exercise using audiovisual media to people with neck pain. Based on this, it is thought that it can be used as the basis for research related to home training programs for healthy self-management.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.22 no.12 s.187
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• pp.1067-1073
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• 1984

In the treatment of functional orthodontic problems, timing is not an issue. All orthodontists start as soon as the condition is recognized. However, there is an active dialogue concerning treatment timing for structure problems. The major points in contention center around the operator's ability is to control the growth of the facial bones and to maintain post-treatment tooth position through the maturation period (especially when this position was gained by techniques involving arch expansion or distal driving of posterior segments). Factors taken into account to determine the best time of orthodontic treatment include diagnosis, interception, growth rate, patient cooperation, eruptive state and treatment period. With those exceptions of all functional problems, mild dental discrepancies and skeletal deficiencies with a predictably excellent growth potential (early treatment), the period immediately following the eruption of the permanent second molars is the period during which most orthodontic treatment should be initiated. At this time the full volume of tooth substances is present, the individual growth pattern in well established, there are sufficient teeth to receive nearly any type of appliances and the patient can easily tolerate the wearing of appliances.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.278-282
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• 2004

A number of 8-arylflavones have been synthesized as congeners of wogonin and evaluated for their inhibitory activities of $PGE_2$ production. 8-Arylflavones were obtained from commercially available chrysin via two different synthetic pathways. Most 8-arylflavones exhibited much reduced inhibitory activities against COX-2 catalyzed $PGE_2$ production compared to that of wogonin. Functional group replacement at the 8-position of wogonin from methoxy to aryl group caused loss of inhibitory activity. Our present results imply that the functional group at the 8-position of flavones seems to play very important roles for bioactivity.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06e
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• pp.261-264
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• 2002

In this study, we used a 16-bit microprocessor, 80C196KC for a control part in order to develop a multi-functional wheel-chair system, and implemented a joy-stick to control this system. For the complete system, we used a commercial electromotive wheelchair as a basic plant, and applied an encoder to get the rotating number of the motor to transfer data to the MCU to control the motor. We used PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) method to control the wheel-chair motor where a H-bridge circuit was configured. We used the fuzzy control algorithm for the operation of DC motor, which was attached to the electromotive wheelchair and manipulated following the change of the joystick position while a user was controlling the joystick. He also could control the speed and direction of DC motor as well as control position information.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

Purpose: This study investigated changes in the thickness of the transversus abdominis (TrA), internal abdominal oblique (IO), and external abdominal oblique (EO) muscles between crook lying and wall support standing positions during abdominal hollowing (AH), using ultrasound imaging. Methods: Experiments were conducted on 20 healthy male adults (mean age=$22.45{\pm}4.08$ years) who voluntarily agreed to participate in the experiments. The changes in the thickness of the subjects' abdominal muscles were measured during AH in crook lying and wall support standing positions. Results: The difference in the thickness of TrA between the two positions during AH was statistically significant, but the differences in the thicknesses of IO and EO were not significant. Conclusion: Activity of the TrA, which is a deep muscle, was stimulated in the standing position, which is, therefore, more functional than the crook position, but the activities of IO and EO muscles did not decrease. Therefore, various methods to induce the activity of TrA while decreasing the activities of IO and EO, in the functional standing position that can stimulate deep muscles, need to be designed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2010

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are very harmful to living organisms due to the potential oxidation of membrane lipids, DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates. transformed E.coli strain QC 871, superoxide dismutase (SOD) double-mutant, with three sequence variant MnSOD1, MnSOD2, and MnSOD3 manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene isolated from wheat. Although all QC 871 transformants grown at $37^{\circ}C$ expressed mRNA of MnSOD variants, only MnSOD2 transformant had functional SOD activity. MnSOD3 expressed active protein when grown at $22^{\circ}C$, however, MnSOD1 did not express functional protein at any growing and induction conditions. The sequence comparison of the wheat MnSOD variants revealed that the only amino acid difference between the sequence MnSOD2 and sequences MnSOD1 and 3 is phenylalanine/serine at position 58 amino acid. We made MnSOD2S58F gene, which was made by altering the phenylalaine to serine at position 58 in MnSOD2. The expressed MnSOD2S58F protein had functional SOD activity, even at higher levels than the original MnSOD2 at all observed temperatures. These data suggest that amino acid variation can result in highly active forms of MnSOD and the MnSOD2S58F gene can be an ideal target used for transforming crops to increase tolerance to environmental stresses.

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2015

Four cases of functional cerebrospinal therapy (FCST) were reviewed to see whether any improvement is observed in the X-ray images of open-mouth view and cephalocervical views. Intraoral appliances of TMJ balancing appliance (TBA) and cervical balancing appliance (CBA) and active movement of within range-of-movement of the jaw and the neck were applied to each patient. Improved balance of $2^{nd}$ cervical vertebra position and cervical alignment were observed in all the four cases.