• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mirror therapy with functional electrical stimulation to improve upper extremity motor function and activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients. Method : Thirty patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups 15 patients in each. All subjects received the general occupational therapy consisting of five 30 min sessions per week for 8 weeks, in addition to 30 min of mirror therapy with functional electrical stimulation for the experimental group and 30 min of functional electrical stimulation for the control group for each session. To measure the functions of the upper limb and performance capacities in ADL, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), and Manual Function Test (MFT), Modified Barthel Index (MBI) were used before and after the interventions. Results : Both the experimental and control groups showed a statistically significant increase in post-treatment FMA, MFT and MBI scores compared to their pre-treatment scores (p<.05). In addition, intergroup comparisons revealed a statistically significant increase in the scores of all assessments for the experimental group compared to those for the control group (p<.05). Conclusion : Based on these results, it is reasonable to conclude that mirror therapy with functional electrical stimulation is an effective intervention for improving upper limb motor function and ADL performance in stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.643-651
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• 2001

Osteoarthritis(OA) is a widespread, slowly developing disease with a high prevalence rate increasing with age. The most common big joints involved in OA is the knee, where the disease particulary strikes, causing difficulties in rising from a chair. climbing stairs, kneeling. standing, and walking. The primary complaints of these patients include pain, stiffness. instability, and loss of function. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of self-reported symptoms and limited flexion, and limited extension on functional impairment in patients with knee osteoarthritis. In the data collection, a total of 206 who had visited the physiotherapy unit at six different departments of orthopedics were interviewed in K City from June to September, 2000. The results of the study summarized are as fellows: 1. There was a significant difference among different degree group of limited flexion(p<0.05). A group difference was demonstrated between <5 ${\sim}$ 15 and 16 > (F=16.21, p<0.05). In the relationship between the degree of limited flexion and the level of functional impairment, the h igher the range of limited flexion, the lower the level of functional impairment. 2. In the relationship between the degree of limited extension and the level of functional impairment, a group difference was revealed between the non-limitation group and the <10 and 11 < However, no significant difference was noted between 11 ${\sim}$ 20 and 21 >(F= 13.37, p<0.05). In conclusion, finding above suggest that functional impairment is closely correlated with limited tlexion and extenion

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Background: The multiple hop test is an active performance test that has been commonly used to assess individuals with functional ankle instability. Previous studies have suggested that insufficiency of dynamic postural stability and passive stability during dynamic activities can have an influence on performance in the multiple hop test. However, no study has investigated the effects of dynamic postural stability training and ankle bracing on multiple hop test performance in individuals with functional ankle instability. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of dynamic postural stability training versus ankle bracing in the performance of the multiple hop test for participants with functional ankle instability. Methods: Twenty-nine participants with functional ankle instability who scored below 24 in the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool were selected. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: a dynamic postural stability training group (n1=14) and an ankle bracing control group ($n_2=15$). The multiple hop tests were performed before and after applying each intervention. Dynamic postural stability training was performed using visual-feedback-based balance-training equipment; participants in this group were asked to perform a heel raise in a standing position while watching the centering of their forefoot pressure to prevent excessive ankle inversion. Ankle bracing was applied in the control group. Results: When comparing the pre- and post-intervention period for both groups, both methods significantly improved the results of the multiple hop test (p<.05). However, no significant differences were shown between the dynamic postural stability training and ankle bracing groups (p>.05). Conclusion: Both dynamic postural stability training and ankle bracing showed significant improvement (2.85 seconds and 2.05 seconds, respectively) in test performance. Further study is needed to determine the long-term effects of dynamic postural stability training and to determine whether insufficient dynamic postural stability is a causative factor for functional ankle instability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.95-103
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of functional electrical stimulation gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation on balance and gait ability in stroke patients. METHODS: In this blinded randomized controlled study, 26 stroke patients were assigned to either experimental group (n=13) consisting of 30 min of gait training 5 days per week for 4 weeks while performing functional electrical stimulation gait training with rhythmic auditory simulation, or a control group (n=13) performing the same gait training program, also consisting of 30 minutes 5 days a week and lasting for 4 weeks, but without functional electrical stimulation and rhythmic auditory stimulation. At baseline and after the 4 week intervention, balance was measured using the timed up and go test (TUG). Gait velocity was measured using the 10-meter walk test (10 MWT) and gait ability was assessed using the functional gait assessment (FGA). RESULTS: After the intervention, the experimental group showed statistically significant differences in gait velocity and ability (10 MWT, FGA) (p<.05). Between-group differences were statistically significant in gait velocity and ability (10 MWT, FGA) (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that functional electrical stimulation gait training with a rhythmic auditory stimulation gait training program may help improve gait ability in stroke patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2019

Purpose: Cognitive function is a main concern for rehabilitation progression in individuals who have sustained brain damage, even among those whose motor function has returned after brain damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate how cognitive impairment relates to functional independence in postural stability and gait performance in patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Methods: This was an observational design in an outpatient rehabilitation hospital. Twenty-eight adults with chronic hemiparetic stroke, receiving a course in an outpatient rehabilitation program, participated in this study. They were divided into two groups (i.e., non-cognitive impairment and cognitive impairment groups) via a cut-off score of 23 or less on a mini-mental state examination. Functional independence was assessed with the timed up-and-go test (TUG), 10-meter walk test (10mWT), five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST), Berg balance scale (BBS), and modified Barthel index (MBI). The independent t-test was used for statistical analysis when comparing the two groups. Results: The cognitive impairment group had less functional independence, balance, and gait performance than those of the non-cognitive impairment group had. The former also showed a statistically significant decrease in their TUG score, FTSST score, BBS score, and MBI score compared to the latter, but not in their 10mWT score (p<0.05). Although the non-cognitive impairment group walked faster than the cognitive impairment group did, that difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that cognitive impairment relates to functional independence in postural stability and the activities of daily living. In rehabilitation settings, cognitive impairment would be considered a major component in therapeutic rehabilitation to overcome the patients difficult physical problems and to treat for improving functional independence more after stroke.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.22-26
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.2 s.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate consumers' knowledge and preference towards functional cosmetics. Through the beauty advisors' surveys, their own selling styles and consumer behaviors recognized by beauty advisors were analyzed. It was intended to help extend and strengthen the functional cosmetic market which has continued to grow rapidly since the approved goods under cosmetic law in 2001. For this study, the data was collected through questionnaires the professional consumer counselors confirmed from Korean women over the age. of twenty old living in the Seoul and Kyoungki areas. After pre-research was implemented on 45 women, 328 samples were analyzed as final samples. In addition,46 samples, which were collected through the questionnaires from beauty advisors were analyzed. Samples were analyzed by frequency, percentage, T-test, ANOVA using the SPSS program. The results of study were as follows: First consumers recognized whether functional cosmetics or not. According to the beauty advisor's surveys, consumers regard the functional cosmetic boundary as being wider than real functional cosmetic boundary according to cosmetic law. So, there is a gap between consumers' opinions and real law. Second, regarding the purchasing channels, the largest channel is the cosmetic store. As far as consumers are concerned the most important factor when buying cosmetics, is the suitability of their own skin types. The second factor is product quality and the third factor is price. Functional cosmetics non-experienced group are more concerned with price compared to experienced group. Related to purchasing products, functional cosmetics experienced group buy set products compared to non-experienced group buy one product. Third, the ultraviolet filter cosmetics portion is the largest in the functional cosmetics market the second largest portion is bleaching cosmetics and the third largest portion is the anti-senility cosmetics. However, Most preferred by consumers is the anti-senility cosmetics. Moreover, preference for ultraviolet filter cosmetics is the least. Finally, the level of satisfaction for functional cosmetics is high and dissatisfaction is low. Consumers feel that beauty advisors are simply pushing high priced products without recognizing the consumers' real needs. In conclusion, to develop the functional cosmetic market continually in the future, it needs to extend various products and advertise them until consumers are more aware.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.10-17
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the consequence of resistance strengthening exercise on the hip flexor and extensor performed to improve functional mobility in stroke patients more than six months post stroke. Seventeen patients were randomized into two groups. Both groups received conventional physical therapy for six weeks. In addition, the experimental group performed eccentric resistance strengthening exercise in the hip flexor and extensor using an isokinetic dynamometer. The hip flexor and extensor strength, stair up and down mobility, timed get up and go (TUG), 10 m gait velocity, and functional reach were repeatedly measured at baseline, three weeks, and six weeks after treatment. The results were as follows: 1. The experimental group improved more remarkably in the hip flexor and extensor strength, stair up and down mobility, and the 10 m gait velocity after three weeks and six weeks of treatment (p<.05), 2. The control group improved significantly in the hip flexor and extensor strength, and 10 m gait velocity after three weeks of treatment (p<.05), 3. At each three and six week point, the experimental group made greater gains in hip flexor and extensor strength, stair up and down mobility, and 10 m gait velocity than the control group (p<.05). In conclusion, it is desirable to perform resistance strengthening exercises combined with conventional physical therapy to improve functional mobility in chronic stroke patients.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.361-366
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• 2012

We investigated the anti-diabetic activity and enzymatic activity of 24 commercial doenjang samples certified for traditional foods. Twenty four doenjang samples showed the wide ranges in enzymatic activities (protease activities 0-50.45 unit/g, ${\alpha}$-amylase activities 0-675.9 unit/g, ${\beta}$-amylase 13.6-308.6 unit/g), and there were no difference in enzymatic activity by the producing region. To evaluate the potential anti-diabetic activity of 24 doenjang samples, we examined the effect of doenjang methanol extract (DME) on 2-[n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amyno]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG) uptake. Ten samples among 24 samples significantly stimulated the uptake of 2-NBDG. When the cells were treated with DME at 400 ug/mL, No. 17 and 23 specially stimulated 2-NBDG uptake by 1.23-fold and 1.25-fold, respectively, compared with untreated control cell. And there were no cytotoxicity in the C2C12 cells treated with DME at concentration of 500 ug/mL. Among 24 samples, No. 6, 7, 12, 21 and 24 showed the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor activity at concentration of 10 mg/mL; however, they were less effective than acarbose which is a commercial ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.207-213
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to investigate EMG activity on dynamic balance of subjects with functional lumbar instability following fatigue of low back. Methods: The subjects (24 university students) were divided into 2 groups; functional lumbar instability group (6 males and 6 females) and lumbar stable group (7 males and 5 females) who could complete a questionnaire and undergo a prone instability test. All participants were evaluated for distribution of muscle activity using the TeleMyo DTSTM system. Dynamic balance was tested by Y balance test. This study was conducted for measurement of EMG activity on dynamic balance with the difference between FLIG and control group following muscle fatigue. Results: The functional lumbar instability group (FLIG) showed a significantly lower YBT score (%) of anterior, posterolateral direction on Y-balance test (YBT) in dynamic balance than the lumbar stable group (LSG) (p<0.05). The FLIG was significantly lower than the LSG in anterior direction in EMG activity(%) of MF, RA, ES, GMX, GME, RF, and posteromedial direction in EMG activity(%) of IO, ES and then posterolateral direction in EMG activity(%) of IO, ES in dynamic balance (p<0.05). There was significant correlation of MF, RA, and GMX in anterior reach direction (p<0.05) and ES, GME (p<0.01) and IO, ES in posteromedial reach direction (p<0.05) and EO, ES, GMX in posterolateral reach direction (p<0.05) there was positive correlation. Conclusion: This study showed that FLIG effected EMG activity by dynamic balance following muscle fatigue. Further study is needed for measurement of various ages and work with lumbar instability for clinical application.