• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.110-116
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of study was to investigate the effects of combination patterns exercise of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) on unstable surfaces on pain, functional disability, and fear avoidance belief in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Twenty four patients were assigned to either the experimental group (n=12) or the control group (n=12). Patients in the experimental group performed combination patterns exercise of PNF on unstable surfaces. Patients in the control group performed combination patterns exercise of PNF on stable surfaces. Both exercises were performed for five days per week, for a period of six weeks. Pain was measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). Functional disability was measured using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Fear avoidance belief was measured using the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). A paired t-test was used for determination of differences before and after treatment, and an independent t-test was used for determination of differences between treatment groups. Results: In within group comparison, the experimental group showed statistically significant difference for all variables (p<0.05). In comparison between two groups, the experimental group showed relatively greater significant difference for all variables (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on such results, it can be said that combination patterns exercise of PNF on unstable surfaces has an effect on pain, functional disability, and fear avoidance belief in patients with chronic low back pain.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2009

Objective: The decision to adopt a conservative or surgical modality for a relatively small volume of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is difficult and often controversial, especially when consciousness is tolerable. The authors examined the results of stereotactic-guided evacuation of SICH for relatively small volumes with respect to functional outcome. Methods: This prospective study was performed on 387 patients with SICH who underwent stereotactic-guided evacuation (n = 204, group A) or conservative treatment (n = 183, group B) during the past 8 years. The primary end-point was recovery of functional status, which was estimated using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: All patients had a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of $\geq$ 13 and unilateral hemiparesis of less than motor power grade 3. Group demographic characteristics and initial neurological statuses were similar. In all cases, the volume of SICH involved was < 30 cm$^3$ and location was limited to basal ganglia and thalamus. At 6-month follow-ups, MBI was 90.9 in group A and 62.4 in group B (p < 005), and MRS was 1.2 in group A and 3.0 in group B (p < 0.05). Better motor function and stereotactic-guided evacuation had a significant effect on a functional recovery in regression analyses. Conclusion: Even in patients with a small volume of SICH, stereotactic-guided evacuation improved functional recovery in activities in daily life than conservative treatment did.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.113-128
• /
• 2011

Let f : ${\mathbb{R}}{\rightarrow}{\mathbb{C}}$. We consider the Hyers-Ulam stability of Jensen type functional inequality $$|f(px+qy)-Pf(x)-Qf(y)|{\leq}{\epsilon}$$ in the half planes {(x, y) : $kx+sy{\geq}d$} for fixed d, k, $s{\in}{\mathbb{R}}$ with $k{\neq}0$ or $s{\neq}0$. As consequences of the results we obtain the asymptotic behaviors of f satisfying $$|f(px+qy)-Pf(x)-Qf(y)|{\rightarrow}0$$ as $kx+sy{\rightarrow}{\infty}$.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.361-370
• /
• 1997

Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed experimental diet, and also were orally daministerred with 3.0% ultra low viscosity (ULV) sodium alginate-added functional drink(AL-3.0% group : HAEJOMIN), 5.0% polyedxtrose(PD)-added drink(PD-5.0group) and 2.5% polydextrose-added drink(PD-2.5 group) for 8 weeks. Effect of rhese dietary fiber-added functional drinks on body weight, feed and gross efficincies, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, LDL- cholesterol levels, hydroxyl radical and malondialdehyde levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum of SD rats were evaluated. Administration of AL-3.0 drink and PD-5.0 drink resulted in a marked inhibition in increase of body weight compared with control and PD-2.5 groups for 8 weeks. Inhibition effect in body weight in 3.0% alginic acid-added drink )AL-3.0 froup_ showed a same trend in 5.0% polydextrose(PD)-added drink (PD-5.0 group)(p<0.001). Therefore, it is found that inhibition effects of obesity in 3.0% alginic acid-added drink were higher 2 times than that in same concentration of polydextrose(PD)-added drink. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels in AL-3.0 and PD-5.0 groups significantly decreased to 25$\sim$30% compared with control group(p<0.01$\sim$0.001), but there were no significant differences in these drinks. LDL-cholesterol levels in AL-3.0 group significantly decreased about 15% compared with PD-5.0 group, but atherogenic index in AL-3, 0 group showed a similar trend to that in PD-5.0 group. Hydroxyl radical formations and lipid peroxide(LPO) levels in AL-3, 0 and PD-5.0 groups significantly decreased to 15% and 20%, respectively, compared with control group(p, 0.05$\sim$0.01), but there were no significant differences in these drinks. Superoxide, dismutase(SOD) activity in AL-3.0 group significantly higher (about 255) than those in control and PD-5.0 groups(p<0.01). These results suggest that administration of ULV-sodium alginate-added functional drink(HAEJOMIIN) effectively can not only inhibit obesity, but also can intervent chronic degenerative disease and aging process.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.143-148
• /
• 2010

The present study examined the effects of functional electrical stimulus(group 1), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(group 2) and combined training of functional electrical stimulus and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(group 3) with scapula adductor muscles on scapula movement, upper limb function and gait in fifteen subjects stroke patients. The training was thirty minutes a day, five times a week for six weeks, obtained result as follow, upper limb function was significant difference in the group 2(p<.05) but no significant difference in other groups. The change of weight bearing were significant difference in all the groups(p<.05), and increase of gait velocity were significant difference in all the group(p<.05). In conclusion, when applied with functional electrical stimulus, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and combined training to the scapular adductor muscles, it was oberved in the course of the experiment that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation was the most effective treatment among the three methods applied to the scapula adductors.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.203-208
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study seeks to examine the effect of a program with functional taping and CLT on the program on fall efficacy and balance of stroke patients with knee pain on the non-affected side, as well as to develop effective programs and training methods to improve the functions of such patients. Methods: The subjects included 31 patients with hemiplegia caused by stroke. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 15), which participated in a program for functional taping and CLT, and a control group (n = 16), which participated in general exercise therapy. The control group underwent general exercise therapy for 30 minutes, three days per week for a six-week period. VAS, FES and TUG were conducted to evaluate changes in pain degree, fall efficacy, and balance. Results: After the intervention, significant differences (p < 0.05) were seen in the VAS, FES and TUG in both groups. The experimental group showed more significant improvement than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that the CLT program is extremely effective for improving fall efficacy and balance.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 2008

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a weekly circuit-group exercise program on functional performance, flexibility of the trunk and lower extremities, and balance in individuals with chronic stroke who are living in a community. Thirteen community-living individuals (eleven males and two females) with chronic stroke participated in this study. The group exercise program was set up as a weekly circuit application with four stations aiming to strengthen the muscles, increase endurance, improve flexibility, and enhance functional capacity. The average duration of a session was an hour, and the sessions were conducted once a week for six months for a total of 24 sessions. Assessments for functional performance, flexibility of the trunk and lower extremities and balance were conducted four times: before treatment, after one month of treatment, after four months of treatment, and after six months of treatment. There were significant improvements in functional performance and flexibility of the trunk and lower extremities in the given time frame. No significant improvement was observed in balance ability. The findings suggest that a weekly circuit-group exercise program has some benefits in terms of managing the physical symptoms of individuals with mobility problems after stroke. Therefore, this program can be adapted and employed as a community-based rehabilitation program for such patients. Further studies with various community-based treatments will be conducted to validate these findings.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of stretching and strengthening exercises on the pain, pelvic tilt (PT), functional disability, and balance of patients with chronic lower back pain (CLBP). Methods: A total of 42 patients with CLBP were randomly divided randomly into either experimental group I (EG I, n=21), who received stretching exercise, or experimental group II (EG II, n=21), who received strengthening exercise. Both interventions were applied three times a week for eight weeks. Assessments were made with a visual analogue scale (VAS), PT, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and Berg's balance scale (BBS) before and after the eight weeks intervention period. A paired t-test was conducted to compare the within-group changes before and after the intervention. An independent t-test was used compare the between-group difference. The statistical significance level was set to ${\alpha}=0.05$ for all variables. Results: The EG I and II showed significant within-group changes in the VAS, PT, ODI, and BBS (p<0.05). The changes in VAS, PT, ODI, and BBS were similar regardless of the exercise form. Conclusion: In this study, the application of stretching and strengthening exercise for subjects who complain of CLBP was effective in changing the level of pain, PT, functional disability, and balance.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.9 no.3 s.21
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 2006

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HHT(Hwangryunhaedoktang Herbal-Acupuncture) on functional headache. Methods : 26 clinical experiment participants who experienced functional headache were gathered. The qualified patients were classified in two group, Normal saline injection group and Hwangryunhaedoktang Herbal-Acupuncture group. NS group was injected normal saline and HHT group was injected HHT at GB20, GB21, LI4. Treatment was applied 4 times every second day. The effects of both groups were analyzed using VAS scores and BPI(Brief Pain Inventory). Result : The VAS pain scores improved in both groups. the BPI scores decreased only in HHT group. The decrease rate of VAS scores and BPI scores was larger in HHT group. Conclusion : These results provided that HHT group is more effective than NS group. For clearly comparing the Effect of Hwangryunhaedoktang Herbal-Acupuncture on functional headache, it is need more sample's number and more treatment's duration.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.127-137
• /
• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study has been performed to find the effect of horseback riding simulation training on the thickness of abdominal muscles and functional balance in children with down syndrome. Methods : This study included 10 children with down syndrome aged between 7 and 13 years. Both groups received regular neurodevelopmental treatment, also experimental group was performed for additional 15 minutes horseback riding simulation training for twice a week during 8 weeks. We measured the thickness of abdominal muscles by using ultrasonography and measured of functional balance by using Pediatric Berg's Balance for the subjects agreed to the before, after 4 weeks and 8 weeks the training. Results : There were no significant difference in the thickness of the internal oblique and external oblique muscles. There were significant difference in transverse abdominis thickness and functional balance that experimental group had increased average than control group after 4 weeks and 8 weeks training Conclusion : Horseback riding simulation training has a positive effect on the improvement of transverse abdominis muscle thickness and functional balance in children with down syndrome.