• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2016

Purpose: This study seeks to examine the effect of a program with functional taping and CLT on the program on fall efficacy and balance of stroke patients with knee pain on the non-affected side, as well as to develop effective programs and training methods to improve the functions of such patients. Methods: The subjects included 31 patients with hemiplegia caused by stroke. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 15), which participated in a program for functional taping and CLT, and a control group (n = 16), which participated in general exercise therapy. The control group underwent general exercise therapy for 30 minutes, three days per week for a six-week period. VAS, FES and TUG were conducted to evaluate changes in pain degree, fall efficacy, and balance. Results: After the intervention, significant differences (p < 0.05) were seen in the VAS, FES and TUG in both groups. The experimental group showed more significant improvement than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that the CLT program is extremely effective for improving fall efficacy and balance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.147-154
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study examined the ability of experimental socks combined with a functional insole to reduce plantar foot pressure in healthy subjects. METHODS: The study enrolled 15 subjects. An in-shoe measurement device was used to measure the peak plantar pressure while walking. The peak forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot plantar pressure data were collected under two conditions: the subjects were wearing their own socks and while they were wearing the experimental socks. The paired t-test was used to determine the differences in peak plantar pressure between the two conditions at all three positions. RESULTS: Wearing the experimental socks resulted in a significantly higher peak plantar pressure in the medial forefoot and midfoot areas than wearing one's own socks (p<.05), and also in significantly lower peak plantar pressure in the medial and lateral hindfoot (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences of peak plantar pressure between experimental and own socks in middle and lateral forefoot (p>.05). CONCLUSION: The experimental socks combined with a functional insole decreased plantar pressure in the hindfoot and supported the medial longitudinal arch. However, it is necessary to change the design and material of the forefoot area in the functional insole to prevent foot ulcer at that location in people with diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2011

Purpose: Trunk muscle weakness in the children with cerebral palsy can lead to postural and alignment problems, breathing difficulties, and so on. Therefore, children with cerebral palsy can benefit from exercises that strengthen the muscles in their trunks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of trunk muscle strengthening exercise on functional gross movement and balance ability in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Methods: We used single group repeated measure design in 8 children(four males, four females; aged 6~12 years; mean 8.3 years) with diplegia. The functional gross motor outcome measured by using the GMFM and balance ability of all children was measured by pediatric balance scale. All participants were alternately received trunk strengthening exercise and neurodevelopment treatment for 40 minutes twice per week during 8 weeks. Results: Significant and clinical meaningful improvement in functional gross motor and balance ability were shown. Conclusion: The results indicate that trunk strengthening exercise has a positive effect on both functional gross motor and balance ability in children with spastic diaplegic cerebral palsy.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.383-396
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• 2016

This study investigated highschool students' brain waves on functional tasks such as a transition(F task) from equation to graph and the other transition(G task) vice versa. A total of 39 students participated in the study who attended a high school located in Gyunggi province. These students were divided into two groups, HMA and LMA by MASS test revised by Ko, & Yi (2012). The functional tasks for the stroop task to measure EEG were provided from a previous study, Seok(2015). The results indicated two groups on G tasks showed deeper and wider brain waves which demonstrated G tasks were more difficult than F tasks. However, HMA group had an effect of the non-psychological program which had given more chances on G tasks rather than F tasks within Students' Zone of Proximal Development. Also, HMA group's brain waves had more ranges in amplitude and width of waves. These results imply that the characteristics of students' brain waves with math anxiety are consistent to the previous studies.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 5 week walking program on body composition and functional fitness, as well as its effects on anxiety and depression in elderly women by regular walking exercise(RWE), which helps to provide proper treatment program to them. Method : The 32 subjects who had a regular walking exercise in this research and randomly assigned into two groups, a walking group and a control group. 15 subjects in the experimental group who had RWE. The 17 subjects in the control group who did not have walking exercise. The members of exercise group had walking 50 minutes a day, three times a week, for 5 weeks in same conditions. Results : After RWE, The participants showed lower body weight, body fat mass, % fat, BMI, wast-hip ratio in the walking program. Muscle mass and basic metabolic rate significantly increased after completing the walking program. The health-related physical fitness of the walking group, flexibility and static balance ability were significantly increased. elderly women taking RWE showed significant decreases in the anxiety and depression levels. Conclusion : Findings of this study indicated that A RWE program had favorable effect on body composition, functional fitness, and depression and anxiety in elderly women. Future research needs to target various elderly women groups of a long period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.178-179
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• 2014

In this study, $Ni-W-Si_3N_4$ alloy composite coatings were prepared by pulse electrodeposition method using nickel sulfate bath with different contents of tungsten source, $Na_2WO_4.2H_2O$, and dispersed $Si_3N_4$ nano particles. The structure and microstructure ofcoatings was separately analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results indicated that nano $Si_3N_4$ and W content in alloy had remarkable effect on microstructure, microhardness and scratch resistant properties. Tungsten content in Ni-W and $Ni-W-Si_3N_4$ alloy ranged from 7 to 14 at.%. Scratch test results suggest that as compared to Ni-W only, $Ni-W-Si_3N_4$ prepared from Ni/W molar ratio of 1:1.5 dispersed with 20 g/L $Si_3N_4$ has shown the best result among different samples.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.95-126
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• 2001

Functional values for wastewater treatment and atmospheric regulation in coastal wetland and rice paddy ecosystems are quantified, and an illustration is given on how to integrate biophysical parameters into a valuation framework. This is one of most controversial issues in economic analysis for wetland preservation versus wetland conversion to agricultural use. This paper includes theoretical considerations for estimating functional values of environmental ecosystems, and the integration of biophysical data and replacement cost method employed. Specific physical and geographical characteristics and data on ecosystem functions and services in coastal wetlands and rice paddies are addressed for evaluating their values in economic terms. In particular this paper indicates double counting problems and overestimation in the previous studies, and demonstrates how to avoid them and to maintain the consistency of valuation process involving a least-cost method, thus enables an accurate integration of the coastal wetland ecology and wetland economics. As a result which is far away from the previous studies, the total economic present value of wastewater assimilation by coastal wetland is estimated at 7,484,640 won/ha, and the net present value of positive effect for atmospheric regulation, negative effects for air pollution and water pollution by rice paddy is estimated at -37,934 won/ha, assuming that resources are infinitely long-lived and the annual value and the rate of discount (10%) is constant every year. In conclusion, for further reliability and validity of functional values for natural resources it is very noteworthy that a general equilibrium framework that could directly incorporate the interdependence between ecosystem functions and services would be preferred to the partial equilibrium framework.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2010

Response surface methodology was used to predict the optimum conditions of explosive puffing process for ginseng. A central composite design was used to monitor the effect of moisture content and puffing pressure on dependent variables such as functional compounds (extract yield, crude saponin, acidic polysaccharide, and total phenolic content) and sensory properties. Correlation coefficients $(R^2)$ of models for crude saponin, acidic polysaccharide, and total phenolic content were 0.9176 (p<0.05), 0.9494 (p<0.05), and 0.9878 (p<0.001), respectively. Functional compounds increased with decreasing moisture content and increasing puffing pressure. Overall palatability was high at 15-20% moisture content and 98-294 kPa of puffing pressure. On the basis of superimposed contour maps for functional compounds and overall palatability of puffed ginseng, the optimum ranges of puffing conditions were 10-17% moisture content and 294-392 kPa puffing pressure.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.549-561
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• 2018

Ginseng has been traditionally used for several millennia in Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Japan, not only as a nourishing and tonifying agent but also as a therapeutic agent for a variety of diseases. In recent years, the various effects of red ginseng including immunity improvement, fatigue relief, memory improvement, blood circulation improvement, antioxidation, mitigation of menopausal women's symptoms, and anticancer an effect have been reported in clinical as well as basic research. Around the world, there is a trend of the rising consumption of health functional foods on the level of disease prevention along with increased interest in maintaining health because of population aging and the awareness of lifestyle diseases and chronic diseases. Red ginseng occupies an important position as a health functional food. But till now, international ginseng monographs including those of the World Health Organization have been based on data on white ginseng and have mentioned red ginseng only partly. Therefore, the red ginseng monograph is needed for component of red ginseng, functionality certified as a health functional food in the Korea Food and Drug Administration, major efficacy, action mechanism, and safety. The present red ginseng monograph will contribute to providing accurate information on red ginseng to agencies, businesses, and consumers both in South Korea and abroad.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1551-1554
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• 2010

Two diastereomeric chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were applied to the liquid chromatographic resolution of various racemic ${\alpha}$-amino methyl esters, ${\alpha}$-amino N,N-diethylamides and ${\alpha}$-amino N-propylamides. The CSP incorporating (R)-3,3'-diphenyl-1,1'-binaphtyl and (R,R)-tartaric acid unit as chiral barriers did not show any chiral recognition. In contrast, the CSP incorporating (R)-3,3'-diphenyl-1,1'-binaphtyl and (S,S)-tartaric acid unit as chiral barriers was found to show excellent chiral recognition especially for the two enantiomers of ${\alpha}$-amino N-propylamides. Some of ${\alpha}$-amino methyl esters and ${\alpha}$-amino N,N-diethylamides were also resolved on the CSP incorporating (R)-3,3'-diphenyl-1,1'-binaphtyl and (S,S)-tartaric acid unit. From these results it was concluded that the two chiral units composing the diastereomeric CSPs can show "matched" or "mismatched" effect on the chiral recognition according to their absolute stereochemistry.