• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2011

Salt signals in tongue are relayed to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST). This signaling is very important to determine whether to swallow salt-related nutrition or not and suggests some implications in discrimination of salt concentration. Salt concentration-dependent electrical responses in the chorda tympani and the NST were well reported. But salt concentration-dependency and spatial distribution of c-Fos in the NST were not well established. In the present study, NaCl signaling in the NST was studied in urethane-anesthetized rats. The c-Fos immunoreactivity in the six different NST areas along the rostral-caudal axis and six subregions in each of bilateral NST were compared between applications of distilled water and different concentrations of NaCl to the tongue of experimental animals. From this study, salt stimulation with high concentration (1.0 M NaCl) induced significantly higher c-Fos expression in intermediate NST and dorsal-medial and dorsal-middle subregions of the NST compared to distilled water stimulation. The result represents the specific spatial distribution of salt taste perception in the NST.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7627-7632
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• 2015

Background: The present study was conducted to evaluate the technical feasibility, safety and adequacy of surgical margins with salvage transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for recurrent or residual head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who underwent salvage TORS using the 'DaVinci' robot were enrolled in the study and data related to their surgical time, complications and functional outcome were recorded. Results: The feasibility of salvage TORS in our study was observed to be 100%. Positive margins were encountered in only 6.7% of patients. Mean blood loss was 23.3 ml with no patient requiring blood transfusion. Postoperative complications in the form of primary haemorrhage requiring active surgical intervention occurred in 13.3%. Oral feeding could be started as early as the 3rd postoperative day in a few patients, with nasogastric tubes being removed on the 12th postoperative day. Long term gastrostomy tube dependency was seen in 10% cases. Median survival of patients was 19 months. Conclusions: Salvage TORS is a safe, effective and feasible option in the management of treatment failure cases. It offers an alternative surgical approach with unexpected benefits in terms of tracheostomy tube use, Ryle's tube and gastrostomy dependence.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the roles of expected self-control and expected self-control results in explaining adolescents' Internet addiction. In the study model, expectations of self-control and self-control results directly determine Internet addiction and Internet use time meditates the impacts of expectations of self-control and self-control results on Internet addiction. The study subjects are 1,080 middle and high school students in Busan. Stratified cluster sampling is applied by school type and school year. The response rate is 96%(l,037cases). This study develops the scales of expected self-control and expected self-control results. The scales of Internet addiction are devised by using the concept of functional dependency such as salience, withdrawal symptoms, mood modification, tolerance, relapse, and conflict. For verifying the study model, path analysis and multiple regression models are applied for identifying path significants and evaluating confounding effects of control variables, respectively. Moreover, multi partial F-test is performed for selecting the best regression model. Expected self-control is a significant determinant of Internet addiction and Internet use time that also significantly explains Internet addiction. The total effect of expected self-control towards Internet addiction is -.95. The total effect is comprised with the direct effect (-.71) and the indirect effect(-.24). In this result, the direct effect refers a curative effect since expected self-control directly reduces the level of Internet addiction, and the indirect effect refers a preventive effect because self-control can reduce time of Internet use that is a direct determinant of Internet addiction. In the test of the confounding effects of control variables, there are no confounding effects in the models of multiple regression. It implies a robustness of the study model as regards control variables. In conclusion, improving adolescents' expected self-control can control Internet addiction level. This finding implies that a health promotion program for improving expected self-control can be a cost effective method compared to other approaches.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1933-1940
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• 1997

본 논문은 4개의 생체에서 계측된 생체신호를 처리할 수 있는 기능을 가진 시스템을 CMOS 기술을 사용하여 단일칩화하여 포토다이오드와 LED의 적외선을 전송매체로 하여 외부 관측시스템으로 미소 생체신호를 송수신하는 광전송시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템은 전원전압에 대한 의존성을 감소시키고, 연속된 4 생체 4 채널 텔레미터를 구현하기 위해 적외선 통신이 가능한 강제 동기식 방법을 제안하였다. $5.1{\times}5.1mm^2$ 크기의 신호처리용 IC는 외부 명령신호 수신, 내부 블럭 초기화, 생체 선택신호 해독, 생체신호 시분할 다중화, 외부 시스템에 데이터 전송 및 자동 전원차단 등의 기능이 있다. 또한 본 논문에서 개발된 생체신호처리용 IC 검증을 위해 외부관측시스템을 상용 IC를 사용해 조립후 심전도를 송신해 외부관측시스템에서 수신하는 광전송시스템을 구현하였다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.316-324
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the relationships among age, activities of daily living and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for centenarians in Busan. Methods: Forty-nine centenarians (2 males and 47 females) participated in the study, done from April to July, 2006. Pace-to-face interviews were used to collect data. Activities of daily living were measured using K-ADL, K-IADL and health-related quality of life, using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results: Over 50% of the centenarians reported independence for six-items but not for bathing. With regard to type of dependency, 77.6% were independent in transferring, 71.4%, in using the toilet, 67.3%, in feeding and in continence and 57.1% in dressing but just 24.5% were independent in bathing. Age was significantly associated with K-IADL (r= -.303, p= .03). The centenarians were more impaired in physical health components compared to mental health components for health-related quality of life. Conclusion: These results may contribute to a better understanding of activities of daily living and health-related quality of life of centenarians. The findings are relevant to health professionals, in particular professionals who are developing wellness programs to optimize health-related quality of life and functional status for the extremely old age population.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.392-401
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• 2018

Background: Physical activity (PA) is critical for maintaining the health and well-being of older people in community and also institutional settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the current status of PA and related individual and organizational factors among older nursing home residents with and without dementia. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis study of a nationwide survey of 92 long-term care facilities in Korea, and the study sample includes older residents with dementia (n= 753) and without dementia (n= 480). The level of PA was measured by PA time and whether or not residents had an outdoor activity over the past 3 days. Multi-variate, multi-level analyses were conducted. Results: More than half of the sample in both groups had no or less than 1 hour of PA. About one out of four older people in our sample had no outdoor activity over the past 3 days regardless of whether or not they had dementia. Among the people without dementia, several individual-level factors were associated with PA, including dependency for activities of daily living, social activity participation, and caregivers' belief in the functional improvement of residents. Unlike the non-dementia group, individual- and organizationallevel factors including staffing level and having the relevant equipment for PA were associated with PA among those with dementia. Conclusion: Study findings provide evidence on the lack of PA among older nursing home residents, and the importance of institutional capacity with regard to human resources and physical equipment for promoting PA among people with dementia, in particular. Policies and supports are needed to promote the implementation of healthy aging programs including PA for older nursing home residents. Such programs should be person-centered with consideration to the physical and cognitive status of individual residents.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2021

본 연구는 뇌졸중 후 노인의 우울정도를 확인하고, 수면의 질과 우울의 관련성을 파악하기 위해 시행되었다. 연구대상자는 뇌졸중 후 물리치료실을 내원하는 60세 이상의 노인 110명이며, 설문조사는 2020년 8월부터 11월까지 시행하였다. 자료분석은 기술적 통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple regression analysis를 이용하였다. 연구결과 참여대상자의 77.3%(85명)이 우울한 것으로 나타났으며, 일반적 특성에 따른 우울은 뇌졸중 마비측에 따라 차이를 보였다. 대상자의 우울에 영향을 미치는 요인은 수면의 질이었으며, 설명력은 27.8%로 뇌졸중 후 노인의 수면의 질은 우울에 주요한 영향요인임이 확인되었다. 따라서 뇌졸중 후 노인의 우울을 감소시키기 위해 수면의 질을 개선하기 위한 방안들이 마련되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.195-207
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• 1996

일부 농촌 지역 재택 노인들의 일상 생활활동 및 우울정도를 알아보기 위하여 1996년 2월 14일부터 3월 30일 까지 고령군내 보건진료소가 소재하는 12개리에 거주하는 노인 394명을 대상으로 면담조사 하였다. 한가지 이상이라도 ADL에 대한 장애가 있는 비율이 남자(20.1%) 여자(22.5%)이였고 한가지 이상이라도 LADL에 대한 장애가 있는 비율은 남자(72.1%) 여자(56.2%)였다. 우울증 유병률은 남자노인에서(59.1%)로 여자노인(68.8%)보다 낮았다. 일반적 독성과 ADL의 관계에서 연령, 종교, 배우자 유무, 가족거주형태, 생활비부담, 주관적 건강상태, 여가활동, 용도만족도, 음주에서 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p<0.05), 교육수준, 흡연은 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 일반적 특성과 LADL의 관계에서는 연령, 교육수준, 배우자 유무, 가족거주형태, 생활비 부담, 용돈 만족도, 흡연, 음주, 스스로 평가한 건강상태가 유의한 관련성이 있었고(p<0.05), 여가활동, 종교는 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 남녀 모두에서 ADL에 대한 장애가 있는 경우에서 없는 경우보다 우울증 유병률이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 LADL에 대한 장애와 우울증 유병률과의 관계는 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 농촌노인의 기능장애의 우울증정도는 상당히 높으며 ADL과 우울증은 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.20-20
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• 2017

Plant genomes include heterochromatic loci that consist of repetitive sequences and transposable elements. LTR retrotransposon is the major class of transposons in advanced plants in terms of proportion in plant genome. The elements contribute not only to genome size but also to genome stability and gene expression. A number of cases have been reported transposon insertions near genic regions affect crop traits such as fruit pigments, stress tolerance, and yields. Functional LTR retrotransposons produce extrachromosomal DNA from genomic RNA by reverse transcription that takes place within virus-like-particles (VLPs). DECREASED DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1) plays important roles in maintaining DNA methylation of heterochromatin affecting all sequence contexts, CG, CHG, and CHH. Previous studies showed that ddm1 mutant exhibits massive transcription of retrotransposons in Arabidopsis, but only few of them were able to create new insertions into the genome. RNA-dependent RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6) is known to function in restricting accumulation of transposon RNA by processing the transcripts into 21-22 nt epigenetically activated small interfering RNA (easiRNA). We purified VLPs and sequence cDNA to identify functional LTR retrotransposons in Arabidopsis ddm1 and ddm1rdr6 plants. Over 20 LTR copia and gypsy families were detected in ddm1 and ddm1rdr6 sequencing libraries and most of them were not reported for mobility. In ddm1rdr6, short fragments of ATHILA gypsy elements were detected. It suggests easiRNAs might regulate reverse transcription steps. The highest enriched element among transposon loci was previously characterized EVADE element. It has been reported that active EVADE element is more efficiently silenced through female germline than male germline. By genetic analyses, we found ddm1 and rdr6 mutation affect maternal silencing of active EVADE elements. DDM1-GFP protein accumulated in megaspore mother cell but was not found in mature egg cell. The fusion protein was also found in early embryo and maternal DDM1-GFP allele was more dominantly expressed in the embryo. We observed localization of DDM1-GFP in Arabidopsis and DDM1-YFP in maize and found the proteins accumulated in dividing zone of root tips. Currently we are looking at cell cycle dependency of DDM1 expression using maize system. Among 10 AGO proteins in Arabidopsis, AGO9 is specifically expressed in egg cell and shoot meristematic cells. In addition, mutation of AGO9 and RDR6 caused failure in maternal silencing, implying 21-22 nt easiRNA pathway is important for retrotransposon silencing in female gametophyte or/and early embryo. On the other hand, canonical 24 nt sRNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathways did not contribute to maternal silencing as confirmed by this study. Heat-activated LTR retrotransposon, ONSEN, was not silenced by DDM1 but the silencing mechanisms require RdDM pathways in somatic cells. We will propose distinct mechanisms of LTR retrotransposons in germline and somatic stages.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.97-97
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• 2017

Plant genomes include heterochromatic loci that consist of repetitive sequences and transposable elements. LTR retrotransposon is the major class of transposons in advanced plants in terms of proportion in plant genome. The elements contribute not only to genome size but also to genome stability and gene expression. A number of cases have been reported transposon insertions near genic regions affect crop traits such as fruit pigments, stress tolerance, and yields. Functional LTR retrotransposons produce extrachromosomal DNA from genomic RNA by reverse transcription that takes place within virus-like-particles (VLPs). DECREASED DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1) plays important roles in maintaining DNA methylation of heterochromatin affecting all sequence contexts, CG, CHG, and CHH. Previous studies showed that ddm1 mutant exhibits massive transcription of retrotransposons in Arabidopsis, but only few of them were able to create new insertions into the genome. RNA-dependent RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6) is known to function in restricting accumulation of transposon RNA by processing the transcripts into 21-22 nt epigenetically activated small interfering RNA (easiRNA). We purified VLPs and sequence cDNA to identify functional LTR retrotransposons in Arabidopsis ddm1 and ddm1rdr6 plants. Over 20 LTR copia and gypsy families were detected in ddm1 and ddm1rdr6 sequencing libraries and most of them were not reported for mobility. In ddm1rdr6, short fragments of ATHILA gypsy elements were detected. It suggests easiRNAs might regulate reverse transcription steps. The highest enriched element among transposon loci was previously characterized EVADE element. It has been reported that active EVADE element is more efficiently silenced through female germline than male germline. By genetic analyses, we found ddm1 and rdr6 mutation affect maternal silencing of active EVADE elements. DDM1-GFP protein accumulated in megaspore mother cell but was not found in mature egg cell. The fusion protein was also found in early embryo and maternal DDM1-GFP allele was more dominantly expressed in the embryo. We observed localization of DDM1-GFP in Arabidopsis and DDM1-YFP in maize and found the proteins accumulated in dividing zone of root tips. Currently we are looking at cell cycle dependency of DDM1 expression using maize system. Among 10 AGO proteins in Arabidopsis, AGO9 is specifically expressed in egg cell and shoot meristematic cells. In addition, mutation of AGO9 and RDR6 caused failure in maternal silencing, implying 21-22 nt easiRNA pathway is important for retrotransposon silencing in female gametophyte or/and early embryo. On the other hand, canonical 24 nt sRNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathways did not contribute to maternal silencing as confirmed by this study. Heat-activated LTR retrotransposon, ONSEN, was not silenced by DDM1 but the silencing mechanisms require RdDM pathways in somatic cells. We will propose distinct mechanisms of LTR retrotransposons in germline and somatic stages.