• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2001

The box system that is composed only of reinforced concrete walls and slabs are adopted on many high-rise apartment buildings recently constructed in Korea. And the framed structure with shear wall core that can effectively resist horizontal forces is frequently adopted for the structural system for high-rise building structures. In these structures, a shear wall may have one or more openings for functional reasons. It is necessary to use subdivided finite elements for accurate analysis of the shear wall with openings. But it would take tremendous amount of computational time and memory if the entire building structure is subdivided into a finer mesh . An efficient analysis method that can be used regardless of the number, size and location of openings is proposed in this study, The analysis method uses super element, substructure, matrix condensation technique and fictitious beam technique. Three-dimensional analyses of the box system and the framed structure with shear wall core having various types of openings were performed to verify the efficiency of the proposed method. It was confirmed that the proposed method have outstanding accuracy with drastically reduced time and computer memory from the analyses of example structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.248-251
• /
• 2000

To investigate the effects of packaging films (functional MA films/FC30, FC50, MA film/0.03 mm LDPE, corrugated paperboard box/control) weight loss, firmness, total ascorbic acid, chlorophill and overall appearence were evaluated. Weight loss of cucumbers packed with FC30 and FC50 at 2$0^{\circ}C$ after 7 days were 1.0 and 0.6%, that of the control was 2.9%, those of LDPE was 0.5%. The firmness of FC30 and FC50 at 2 $0^{\circ}C$ after 7 days were 1.0 and 0.6%, that of the control was 2.9%, those of LDPE was 0.5%. The firmness of FC30-, FC50 and LD was higher than that of the control. Total ascorbic acid contents (TAA) of cucumbers packed with control, LD, FC30 and FC50 box were 9.96, 10.86, 11.37 and 11.29 mg% after 7 days. TAA of FC box was 10% higher than that of the control. Chlorophill content of FC boxes wase 16% higher than of the control. Overall appearence of cucumber packed with FC boxes was better than that of the control.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.39C no.9
• /
• pp.880-886
• /
• 2014

Many railway signalling functions have increasingly depended on computer software with recent development in computing technology, leading to evolution into more flexible and intelligent railway signalling system. Meanwhile, software programs are likely to have many errors and the cost incurred by such errors has increased. Especially, if fatal software error occurs during railway operation, it may result in loss of lives. So the software verification and validation have become more important. It is needed for software functional safety tool to support these, but most commercial tools depend on direct access to the system's memory, resulting in many difficulties in application. Owing to such difficulties and complexity, they are rarely used in railway signalling system software validation. In this study, a new testing tool for software functional testing through an external interface that can be easily used in functional testing of software was developed. Such testing tool allows development and analysis of test cases for black-box testing through analysis of actually used interface protocols, leading to increased user convenience.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 1995

In fitting a model, there always exists a discrepancy between the fitted model and the true functional relationship. In measuring this discrepancy, Box and Drapper (1959) used the criterion dividing the discrepancy into two parts which are the bias error part and the variance error one in single response case. In this paper, an optimum design which makes these two types of errors as small as possible is found by extending the Box and Drapper criterion to multiple response situation. Especially, a design is found to meat rotatability conditions when we fit a quadratic model to each response fearing cubic bias. Using the central composite design, an application of general results to a specific case is shown to help understanding the material.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 2012

An integrated crypto engine for encryption and decryption of AES algorithm based on unified data-path architecture is efficiently designed and implemented in this paper. In order to unify the design of encryption and decryption, internal steps in single round is adjusted so as to operate with columns after row operation is completed and efficient method for a buffer is developed to simplify the Shift Rows operation. Also, only one S-box is used for both key expansion and crypto operation and Key-Box saving expended key is introduced provide the key required in encryption and decryption. The functional simulation based on ModelSim simulator shows that 164 clocks are required to process the data of 128bits in the proposed engine. In addition, the proposed engine is implemented with 6,801 gates by using Xilinx Synthesizer. This demonstrate that 40% gates savings is achieved in the proposed engine, compared to individual designs of encryption and decryption engine.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.335-345
• /
• 2014

The productivity decrease in environment-friendly farming is the biggest obstacle for the development of environment-friendly food market. This paper aimed to analyze the productivity change in environment-friendly farming of fruit vegetables (oriental melon, watermelon, and strawberry). Box-Cox transformation model was used to infer the functional form of productivity change. The results showed that the periods of productivity restoration to 90% level in oriental melon, strawberry, and watermelon were 14.1 years, 11.4 years, and 6.0 years, respectively. The forms of productivity restoration of fruit vegetables showed differences due to their growth characteristics, incidences of crop pests, preference for the environment- friendly agricultural products, cultivation period and so on. Because the form and period of productivity restoration were different depending on kinds of fruit vegetable, the government policy should be established considering this point of view.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2001.04a
• /
• pp.343-350
• /
• 2001

The box system, composed only of reinforced concrete walls and slabs, are adopted by many high-rise apartment buildings recently constructed in Korea. In the buildings, one or more relatively large openings are cut in a shear wall for functional reasons. The openings influence the internal stress of the shear wall and also the structural behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to use subdivided plate elements for accurate analysis of the box system with openings. But it would cost tremendous amount of analysis time and computer memory if the shear wall is subdivided into a finer mesh in the analysis of high-rise buildings. So, it is difficult to apply this modeling method to practical procedure. In this study, an efficient method is proposed for the efficient and accurate analysis of shear wall with openings. The proposed method used the super element and matrix condensations, fictitious beam technique.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.335-362
• /
• 2020

Using the Hedonic pricing model using Box-Cox transformation, this paper estimated the marginal effect (implicit price) of odors from landfill in the metropolitan area on housing prices and the willingness to pay for changes in certain odor conditions. This paper utilized the proximity from the landfill in the metropolitan area as a environmental variable, and analyzed the effect of various housing characteristic variables on the sale price of apartments within a radius of 5 km from the landfill. In particular, because odors factor have various heterogeneity, we applied hedonic price models instead of stated-preference methods with various types of functional forms through Box-Cox transformation, considering the heterogeneity of each region. Estimates show that the marginal value (implicit price) for the distance from the odor source was 0.227 to 0.533 depending on the function type of the estimated model. In addition, when other house factors are the same, the marginal willingness to pay for a distance of 1km from the odor source was calculated to be 16.79 to 51.76 thousand dollar depending on the type of function. Finally for the general Box-Cox model, the annual WTP was estimated to be 3,229dollar.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two different lifting posture on the plantar foot pressure, force and COP(center of pressure) trajectory path during object lifting. Fourteen healthy adults who had no musculoskeletal disorders were instructed to lift with two postures(stoop and squat) and two object weights(empty box and 10 kg box). Plantar foot pressures, forces and COP trajectory path were recorded by the F-mat system(Tekscan, Boston, USA) during object lifting with barefoot. Plantar foot surface was defined as seven regions for pressure measurement; two toe regions, three forefoot regions, one midfoot region and one heel region. Paired t-test was used to compare the outcomes of peak pressure and maximum force with different two lifting postures and two object weights. Plantar peak pressure and maximum force under hallux was significantly greater in squat posture than stoop posture during the two different boxes lifting(p<.05). During the empty box lifting, maximum force under lessor toes was significantly less and plantar peak pressure under second metatarsal region was significantly greater in squat than stoop(p<.05). Maximum force under heel was significantly less in squat than stoop posture during 10kg box lifting(p<.05). Finally, COP trajectory path was significantly greater in squat than stoop(p<.05). These findings confirm that there are significantly change in the structure and function of the foot during the object lifting with different posture. Future studies should focus on the contribution of both structural and functional change to the development of common foot problems in adults.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.417-424
• /
• 2010

This study proposes a parametric modeling method for efficient preliminary design of FCM(Free Cantilever Method) bridge. The method is capable of automatic fitting of cross section according to variation of span length of box girder which has variational section. Parameters for forming longitudinal geometry of box girder are defined, then implicit and explicit constraints, and functional relations among them are defined by applying statistics of parameters used in FCM bridge designs. The constraints and relations are applied to a sample bridge for verifying applicability of parametric modeling. In addition, material quantity of the sample model generated by parametric modeling is estimated and compared to the quantity of the real designed model to check the accuracy of the automatically designed parametric model.