• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2021

The characteristics of vibrational stress (shock and vibration) during transport and the possibility of damage to the packaged pears by functional PLA tray were investigated. And this study was conducted to analyze how environmental conditions by simulated transport environment affect quality factors such as weight loss (%) and soluble solid content (SSC, %), and firmness (bioyield strength, kPa) of packaged pears by PLA tray and Expanded PET foam pad (Group 1), EPE cushion cup pad and net (Group 2) for exporting. Pears with or without vibration stress were stored for 30 days at low temperatures (5 ± 0.8℃, 80 ± 5% relative humidity). There was the statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between pears with and without vibration stress for weight loss, soluble solid content, and firmness (bioyield strength) after 30 days storage. Vibration stress accelerated pear quality deterioration during storage, resulting in increased weight loss, soluble solids content, and reduced hardness. The firmness (bioyield strength) and weight changes of pears with PLA trays were smaller than those of conventional packaging box systems. It was determined that the firmness of agricultural products was a quality factor closely related to the storage period and that PLA could be applied.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.29-42
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• 2023

Objective: Pigs, an ideal biomedical model for human diseases, suffer from about 50% early embryonic and fetal death, a major cause of fertility loss worldwide. However, identifying the causal variant remains a huge challenge. This study aimed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes for the number of mummified (NM) piglets using the imputed whole-genome sequence (WGS) and validate the potential candidate genes. Methods: The imputed WGS was introduced from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) using a multi-breed reference population. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for NM piglets at birth from a Landrace pig populatiGWAS peak located on SSC11: 0.10 to 7.11 Mbp (Top SNP, SSC11:1,889,658 bp; p = 9.98E-13) was identified in cyclin dependent kinase on. A total of 300 Landrace pigs were genotyped by GBS. The whole-genome variants were imputed, and 4,252,858 SNPs were obtained. Various molecular experiments were conducted to determine how the genes affected NM in pigs. Results: A strong GWAS peak located on SSC11: 0.10 to 7.11 Mbp (Top SNP, SSC11:1,889,658 bp; p = 9.98E-13) was identified in cyclin dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) gene, which plays a crucial role in embryonic retardation and lethality. Based on the molecular experiments, we found that Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) was a crucial transcription factor for CDK8, which mediated the effect of CDK8 in the proliferation of porcine ovarian granulosa cells via transforming growth factor beta/small mother against decapentaplegic signaling pathway, and, as a consequence, affected embryo quality, indicating that this pathway may be contributing to mummified fetal in pigs. Conclusion: A powerful imputation-based association study was performed to identify genes associated with NM in pigs. CDK8 was suggested as a functional gene for the proliferation of porcine ovarian granulosa cells, but further studies are required to determine causative mutations and the effect of loci on NM in pigs.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.31
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• pp.355-365
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• 2017

The future population of Korea is expected to reach the second highest level in the world by 2060 for the elderly. It is because of the rapid development of low fertility and medical technology. The burden of society for the elderly is expected to increase steadily. The elderly person firstly appears functional disorder. They have low ability in memory and in cognitive will be. Their activities are therefore limited. And economic production capacity is sharply reduced. Self-sufficiency is a difficult situation. They need help in economic and social aspects. Products for them need research and development. The elderly have a Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI) stage with poor cognitive abilities. It is effective to combine pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment methods for people with mild cognitive impairment. The effects of non-pharmacological treatments on music have been proven. This paper is a study on the appearance from the viewpoint of design in the development of ancillary instruments using music therapy techniques with Digital Convergence. For this study, we investigated the preference for external appearance of mild cognitive impairment. Two times surveys were conducted. As a result, the design of home care product for the hard cognitive impaired was different from that of a conventional game machine or set top box. It should be designed according to the user's special circumstances. They are memory and cognitive abilities. Products that meet physical and mental changes must be developed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.491-499
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• 1996

Background : Pleural effusion is a common disease in clinical practice but its effect on pulmonary function and altered pulmonary mechanics after removal of effusion are not still largely understood. Previous studies have shown that there is little or a relatively small improvement in pulmonary function and arterial blood oxygenation after therapeutic thoracentesis. The present study was designed to assess the effect on pulmonary function of pleural effusion and to test whether there was a significant improvement in pulmonary function and arterial oxygenation after thoracentesis and to observe long tenn effect after thoracentesis. Method : We examined flow-volume curve, body box and arterial blood gas analysis according to severity of effusion, present symptom, and symptom duration. Then, we measured changes of pulmonary function after thoracentesis and observed longterm effect after thoracentesis. Result: 1) Pleural effusion cause restrictive pulmonary insufficiency. Not only functional impairment of small airway but also large airway is provoked. 2) MMFR, FEV1, Raw, POz are earlier improved than FVC and TLC after thoracentesis and patients without complication have mild restrictive pulmonary insufficiency after longterm observation. 3) FVC, FEV1, & TLC are similarly restricted as severity of pleural effusion and po, is relatively decreased. 4) Cases with symptom duration 1 week or less and cases with dyspnea have more severe pulmonary insufficiency than others. 5) The flow volume curves show a relatively greater improvement in flow rates at large lung volumes than small airway. 6) Significant relationship is shown between first thoracentesis amount and changes of FEV1, FVC, TLC. Conclusion: Pleural effusion cause restrictive pulmonary insufficiency and not only functional impairment of small airway impairment but also large airway is provoked. Then, Pulmonary function is progressively improved after thoracentesis and remained mild restrictive pulmonary insufficiency after recovery.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.195-205
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• 1985

As a part of investigation to use the Anatrctic krill, Euphausia superba, more effectively as a food source, processing conditions, utilizations and storage stability of krill paste (intermediate product of krill) were examined and also chemical compositions of krill paste were analyzed. Frozen raw krill was chopped, agitated with $25\%$ of water to the minced krill and then centrifuged to separate the liquid fraction from the residue. This liquid fraction was heated at $98^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. to coagulate the proteins of krill, and it was filtered to separate the protein fraction. Krill paste was prepared with grinding the protein fraction, adding $0.2\%$ of polyphosphate and $0.3\%$ of sodium erythorbate to the krill paste for enhancing of functional properties and quality stability. The krill paste was packed in a carton box, and then stored at $-30^{\circ}C$. Chemical compositions of krill paste were as follows : moisture $78\%$, crude protein $12.9\%$, crude lipid $5.9\%$, and the contents of hazardous elements of krill paste as Hg 0.001 ppm, Cd 1.15 ppm, Zn 9.1 ppm, Pb 0.63 ppm and Cu 11.38ppm were safe for food. The amino acid compositions of krill paste showed relatively high amount of taurine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, lysine and arginine, which occupied $55\%$ of total amino acid and also taurine, lysine, glycine, arginine and proline were occupied $65\%$ of total free amino acid. Fatty acid compositions of krill paste consist of $32.4\%$ of saturated fatty acid, $29.6\%$ of monoenoic acid and $38.0\%$ of polyenoic acid, and major fatty acids of product were eicosapentaenoic acid ($17.8\%$), oleic acid ($16.9\%$), palmitic acid ($15.3\%$), myristic acid ($8.7\%$) and docosahexaenoic acid ($8.4\%$). In case of procssing of fish sausage as one of experiment for krill paste use, Alaska pollack fish meat paste could be substituted with the krill paste up to $30\%$ without any significant defect in taste and texture of fish sausage, and the color of fish sausage could be maintained by the color of krill paste. Judging from the results of chemical and microbial experiments during frozen storage, the quality of krill paste could be preserved in good condition for 100 days at $-39^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

The objective of the present study was to determine the expression of genes associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced stressor in two breeds of chickens: the Korean native chicken (KNC) and the White Leghorn chicken (WLH). Forty chickens per breed, aged 40 weeks, were randomly allotted to the control (CON, administered the saline vehicle) and LPS-injected stress groups. Samples were collected at 0 and 48 h post-LPS injection, and total RNA was extracted from the chicken livers for RNA microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. In response to LPS, 1,044 and 1,193 genes were upregulated, and 1,000 and 1,072 genes were downregulated in the KNC and WLH, respectively, using a ${\geq}2$-fold cutoff change. A functional network analysis revealed that stress-related genes were downregulated in both KNC and WLH after LPS infection. The results obtained from the qRT-PCR analysis of mRNA expression of heat shock 90 (HSP90), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) were confirmed by the results of the microarray analysis. There was a significant difference in the expression of stress-associated genes between the control and LPS-injected KNC and WLH groups. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the stress-related $HSP90{\alpha}$ and HMGCR genes were downregulated in both LPS-injected KNC and WLH groups. However, the HSP70 and $HSP90{\beta}$ genes were upregulated only in the LPS-injected KNC group. The results suggest that the mRNA expression of stress-related genes is differentially affected by LPS stimulation, and some of the responses varied with the chicken breed. A better understanding of the LPS-induced infective stressors in chicken using the qRT-PCR and RNA microarray analyses may contribute to improving animal welfare and husbandry practices.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.485-516
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• 2007

Jeju Special Self-Government Province adopted an autonomous police system for the first time since 60 years in Korean police. The purpose of autonomous police system is to offer a police service to be suitable in regional conditions. But Jeju autonomous police system for nearly one year after adoption is criticized to be established on the ground of political reason but not local decentralization. Actually Jeju autonomous police has not a clear cut jurisdiction and operation scope because of the jurisdiction duplication between national and autonomous police. The original task is confined on environment and sightseeing so on given to administration police for local self-government. So criminal investigation authority on general crimes is not to Jeuju autonomous police on account of special judicial police. First, it is the structural rationalization of Jeju autonomous police system. It speaks that Jeju provincial police bureau and police station have to be as national police institution, on the other hand, patrol district station and police box have to be as autonomous police institution. Of course, functional division has to be followed. National police performs managing all the assembly and demonstration by the management law on assembly and demonstration including the suppression against any large scale demonstration and disturbance, also the investigation on serious crimes just as international crimes and broaden area crimes including all the felony. Together national police performs the duty concerned to all the foreign affairs and national securities in along with the investigation on traffic accidents. On the other hand, autonomous police performs the function for citizen's life safety as crime prevention and the enforcement on the violation against police operation law, together the traffic management and the regulation on traffic violations. and the investigation on minor crime as simple violence or petty larceny including the management on local big events. Second, the budgetary of autonomous police is rationalized by the share of budgeting between Korean government and Jeju special self-government province. Third, urgent arrest authority on general crime and the rights of claims for the summary trial on minor crimes are given to autonomous police. Of course, this problem is resolved naturally in case of giving the investigation rights to autonomous police on minor crimes.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.21-26
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• 2003

To evaluate the newly designed gastroduodenal coil catheter:in-vitro test. The coil catheter that we made in our laboratory was 150 cm. The coil that is made of stainless steel wire was composed 1.3 mm inner diameter and this coil spring was covered with heat-shrinkable polyethylene tube. To measure the length under fluorocopy, 8 radiopaque marks were attached at 5 cm, 10 cm, 11 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm, 14 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm apart from distal end of the catheter and 6, 2, 1 pores were made at 7 cm, 13 cm, 19 cm apart from the distal end. Radio-opacity and the amount of injected contrast was investigated in formerly used 5 Fr. vessel catheter, which is possible in measuring length, and newly designed coil catheter. Film density was tested for radio-opacity with autodensitometer. For measuring the volume of injected salin, the catheter was located in the acryl box(26 cm, 3 cm, 16 cm) that divided into 4 chambers. After injection 50 cc of contrast with autoinjector, the contrast's quantity in each chamber was measured with and without over the guide wire. Radio-opacity was 0.51 in 5 Fr. vessel catheter, 0.31 in newly made catheter. The amount of injected contrast was measured. In case of 5 Fr. vessel catheter, the amount was 99.5% from the distal part, there was no difference between with and without the guide wire. Otherwise, using a coil catheter, the pacentage the ejected saline was 1.17%, 18.8%, 41.8%, 38.2% from the distal part with the guide wire, 19.5%, 32.6%, 27.7%, 20.3% without the guide wire. Compare with formerly established catheter, this new coil catheter is easy to measure the length thanks to easy confirming under fluoroscopy and excellent in injecting contrast. Therefore, newly designed gastrointestinal catheter seems to be useful in gastrointestinal intervention procedure.