• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2006

To investigate the effect of functional MA film packaging on tomatoes produced in Egypt packed 7 kg corrugated paperboard box during 7 days of storage at room temperature, the weight loss, titratable acidity, soluble solid content(SSC, $^oBrix$), vitamin C and the rate of decay were measured. The weight loss in 0.06 mm functional MA film was 1.5%, but was 3% in non-packed tomatoes after 7 days of storage. The titratable acidity and SSC in functional MA film was kept higher than that of non-packed tomatoes and vitamin C and the rate of decay in functional MA film was changed lower than the others.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Apples are one of the most produced fruits in Korea, with 2,423,000 tons of fruits produced in Korea in 2018, of which 365,000 tons (MAF, 2018) account for about 15% of the total production. For quality safety after harvesting apples, the application of MA(modified atmosphere) packaging technology (Mostofi et. al., 2008) is being actively studied. In addition, the effects of functional packaging materials that have added functions such as fireproof, antibacterial, high-blocking, degradability, and far-infrared radiation have been studied (Chung et al., 2009). In addition, there are reports of the effects of quality changes (Park et al., 2007) and MA storage methods on the quality of apples by packing apples with functional MA films((Park et al., 2004). But there are only few reports on quality safety by analyzing the correlation between the change of reducing sugar and total sugar and preference during storage by packing Geochang, Yeongju, and Yesan apples in functional MA film. Therefore, this study aims to propose a method to secure the quality safety of apples by investigating the effect of sugar change on the preference of apples during storage by packing apples in three regions in functional MA films.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2019

The quality of 'Fuji' apple was analyzed the film thickness conditions and packed with functional MA film during 24 weeks storage at $0^{\circ}C$ to weight loss, hardness, acidity and SSC, decay ratio, and vitamin C. The weight loss of apple packed functional MA film was higher than that of contro.Value of the weight loss of apple packed in the control and functional MA filmswere 8.2% and 0.4-0.5%, respectively. The change of hardness and titratable acidity was also lower than that of control. The decay ratio of apple packed with functional MA films were 2.4~4.7%, but that of control was 6.8%. The decay ratio of apple was the lowest at 0.025mm functional MA film. Changes of vitamin C also was lower than that of control. Based on the results, we suggested that the functional MA film with 0.025mm thickness is desirable for keeping the quality of the 'Fuji' apple produced at Geochang, Korea.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1995

Several populations of lymphocytes possess receptors for autonomic neurotransmitter, which make lymphocytes susceptible to autonomic stimulation. This study was to evaluate the functional alternation of effector cells of the immune system. Female Balb/C mice, 15-20 g, were injected with MA subcutaneously under various conditions. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) showed certain T cell subsets were affected by MA. The level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was inhibited due to a defect in expression of the IL-2 receptor. In mice injected with 20 mg MA/kg, 1 day before assay, phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages showed $14.07\pm3%$, which was similar degree to 5 mg MA/kg treatment for 4 consecutive days. Phagocytosis was almost recovered to that of control after 4 day in 20 mg/kg injected mice. Maximum inhibition of plaque forming cell (PFC) occurred when MA was given early, indicating the inductive time point of antibody production was affected. The cortisol level increased in the MA treated group (0.05, 0.20, and $0.08{\mu}g$/dl for control, low, and high dose-MA treated mice, respectively). Based on these results, MA has general suppression effects on the immune systems by functional alteration of effector cells. Considering the increment of serum cortisol levels, MA partially impacts the neuroendocrine system to lead to failure of immune response.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.969-975
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• 2003

Two conserved amino acid residues in the extra sugar-binding space near the catalytic site of Thermus maltogenic amylase (ThMA) were analyzed for their role in the hydrolysis and transglycosylation activity of the enzyme. Site-directed mutagenesis was carried out by replacing N33l with a lysine (N331K), E332 with a histidine (E332H), or by replacing both residues at the same time (N331K/E332H). The measured $K_m$ values indicated that affinities toward all substrates tested, including starch, pullulan, ${\beta}-cyclomaltodextrin$, and acarbose, were lower in all the mutants compared to that of wild-type ThMA, leading to reduced hydrolysis activity. In addition, the lower ratio of transglycosylation to hydrolysis in the mutants compared to that in the wild-type ThMA indicated that these mutants preferred hydrolysis to the transglycosylation reaction. These results demonstrated that the conserved dipeptide at 331 and 332 of ThMA is directly involved in the formation and accumulation of transfer products by accommodating acceptor sugar molecules.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.335-338
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• 1998

Weight loss of fear packed with corrugated paperboard box(FC) laminated with functional MA film after 60 days storage at 5$^{\circ}C$ was 1.0%, and that of LDPE, CE film was 0.6-0.7%, while that of control(Corrugated Paperboard box) was 2.8%. Total ascorbic acid content of pear ill MA films and FC package was higher than that of control. Titratable acid of control changed 37%, but that of the others packages changed below 27%. Soluble solid content of control changed 27%, while the others changed below 2%. Reference in overall appearence of pear were not found among packaging methods. Corrugated paperboard box(FC) laminated with Functional MA film can be used as packaging material for pear packaging.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2001

This study was measured weight loss, total ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, and soluble solids content and overall appearances to investigate the effect of FC(corrugated fiberboard box laminated with functional MA film)box, LDPE film, CE(functional MA film)pouches and double wall corrugated fiberboard box during storage at $20^{\circ}C$. Weight loss of tomato packed with control, LDPE, CE and FC box at $25^{\circ}C$ after 7 days were 5.3%, 1.5%, 1.3%, and 1.5%, respectively. Weight loss of control was 3.8% higher than that of FC box. Total ascorbic acid content(TAA) of tomato after 7. days, control was 6.89 mg%, LDPE was 8.62 and CE was 8.53mg%, FC was 8.42mg%. TAA of LDPE, CE and FC was higher than that of control. Titratable acidity of tomato packed with LDPE, FC and CE was higher than that of control. Overall appearances of tomato packed with LDPE, CE and FC was better than that of control. Functional MA film laminated in corrugated paperboard box(FC) showed to be able to used as a packaging box of tomato.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.331-334
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• 1998

Weight loss of table Grape packed with control(Corrugated paperboard box), LDPE, CE(MA film masterbatched by ceramic powder treated cemical reagent) and FC box(laminated by CE film pouch) at 25 C after 10 days were 5.6%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.7%, respectively. Weight loss of control was 7.29times higher than that of FC box. Total ascorbic acid content(TAA) of table grape after 10 days was 3.42 mg% for control, was 5.33 for LDPE and 5.14mg% for CE, 4.98mg% for FC. TAA of LDPE and CE showed to higher than that of control, especially TAA of FC was 33% higher than that of control. Titratable acid of LDPE and CE was high compare to control, and acidity of FC was 6% higher than that of control. References in overall appearance of LDPE, CE and FC were better than that of control. Corrugated paperboard box(FC) laminated with functional MA film showed to be able to used as packaging box of table grape.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.96-96
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• 2003

Nek2 (NIMA-related protein) is a mammalian cell cycle-regulated kinase that involves in chromosome condensation and centrosome regulation and NuMA (nuclear mitotic apparatus protein) is involved in spindle assembly during a cell cycle. The cellular distribution and organization of the centrosomal components is completely unknown during fertilization and embryonic development. We examined distribution of two well-known centrosomal proteins, Nek2 and NuMA in mouse gametes and embryos to get an insight in the reorganization of centrosomal proteins during germ cell development and early fertilization. Spermatogenic cells, gametes, and embryos were analyzed with anti-Nek2 or -NuMA antibodies by immunological assay, RT-PCR, and overexpression through gene transfection. Mitotically or meiotically active spermatogenic cells were intensively stained with these antibodies in both centrosomes and cytoplasm, whereas the oocytes showed different staining patterns depending on the meiotic stages. During maturation, GV, GVBD, and MI stage were clearly stained with NuMA antibody in the nucleus or cytoplasm at MII. Also, Nek2 was detectable in cytoplasm as scattered spots or chromosome associated at MII. In early developmental embryo, NuMA was detected in nucleus of each blastomere, while Nek2 was detected in cytoplasm. In contrast to previously reported results, Nek2 and NuMA were detected in both decondensing head, and the centriole of demembranated and decondensed sperm or whole body of trypsin-treated sperm for Nek2. During meiotic progress in oocytes, transcripts levels were the highest in MI stage and then downregulated in MII. Also, it shows dramatically change in early developmental embryos, firstly, it was increased until 4 cell stage and reduced in 8 cell stage, and finally, transcript levels were upregulated until blastoscyst. This finding suggests that cnetrosomal component may play an important role in reorganizing of functional centrosome during fertilization process and subsequent development.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2010

The seeds from two mulberry fruits [Morus alba (MA) and Cudrania tricuspidata (CT)] were examined for their oil content, and fatty acid, phytosterol and tocopherol compositions and contents. Moreover, polyphenolic compounds and biological activity of the two defatted seed residue extracts were also evaluated. Oil contents of MA and CT seeds were 29.36% and 16.69%, respectively, while MeOH extracts of the defatted MA and CT seed residues were 5.10% and 6.22%, respectively. The two seed oils were composed of 81.4 and 74.37% linoleic, 5.75 and 11.39% oleic, 8.40 and 10.18% palmitic acid, and 3.52 and 3.0% stearic acids, and two other minor fatty acids, such as linolenic and arachidic acids. MA seed had higher contents of phytosterols (507.59 mg/100 g of oil), tocopherols (99.64 mg/100 g of oil), and total flavonoid (106.50 mg/100 g of seed) than CT seed, whereas CT seed had higher levels of total polyphenol than MA seed. The MeOH extract of MA seed residue showed higher antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-melanogenic activity than that of CT seed residue. trans-Resveratrol (9.62 mg/100 g), quercetin (54.83 mg/100 g), and 4-prenylmoracin (48.70 mg/100 g), were found to be the main polyphenolic components in the MeOH extract of MA seed residue. These results indicate that MA seeds are good sources of essential dietary phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-melanogenic activity.