• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

Engine emission regulations are becoming more stringent nowadays. In cold transient regime, about 80% THC is exhausted to the atmosphere in the first 200s (US FTP cycles). Accordingly, reducing emission levels in the cold period immediately after the engine start before the catalysts reach their working temperature will be an especially critical factor in meeting more stringent regulations in the future. In this study, the total hydrocarbon quantities are measured using a Fast FID with gasoline fuel for a 4-cylinde. Sl engine, including Secondary Air Injection (SAI) system. Commercial SAI device's direction is reverse to the exhaust flow. In this study, a swirl flow type SAI system which is positioned between the exhaust manifold and exhaust port, was developed. We compared the swirl type secondary air injection with a commercial secondary air injection of .everse flow. The swirl type SAI showed better results in reducing HC by 26% than the commercial flow type SAI of reverse flow which was caused by the better mixing between the exhaust gas and the secondary air.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

초음속 연소에서 혼합 효율을 높이면서 전압력 손실을 줄일 수 있는 혼합기에 관한 연구가 수십 년동안 진행되어 왔으며, 본 논문에서는 이를 만족할 수 있는 새로운 개념의 혼합기를 고안하여 그 성능을 수치해석을 통하여 분석하였다. 후면 계단 혼합기를 비교 대상으로 압력과 등밀도선, 유선구조를 분석하였다. 공동이나 탭에서 발생하는 충격파가 후류로 전파되는 것과 달리, 벤트 혼합기의 구멍에서 발생하는 충격파는 벤트 혼합기 끝단에서 형성되는 팽창파에 의해 전파되지 못하며, 후류부의 재순환 영역으로 인해 경계층이 증가하며 이로 인해 후면 계단 방식에 비해 약한 충격파가 형성된다. 따라서 충격파로 인한 전압력 손실을 줄일 수 있으며, 구멍을 통한 공기 유입은 다수의 재순환 영역을 형성하여 혼합 효율을 증대시킨다. 또한 후류부에서 유동 흐름이 전반적으로 안정화되는 것을 볼 수 있다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2012년도 제44회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.77-78
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• 2012

To predict combustion instability in actual full-scale combustion chamber of rocket engines, air-injection test is proposed with scaling techniques. From the data, damping factors have been obtained as a function of hydraulic parameter and the data give us instability map. Two instability regions are presented and it is found that they coincide reasonably with them from hot-fire test with full-scale flow rates. Accordingly, the proposed approach can be applied cost-effectively to stability rating of jet injectors when mixing of fuel and oxidizer jets is the dominant process in instability triggering.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.589-595
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• 2009

The instability wave formed near nozzle region grows to vortex with large scale in downstream region of spray. It plays an important role in the fuel-air mixing, combustion process and engine exhaust emissions in direct injection diesel engine. The objective of this study is to analyze effect of variant parameters (injection pressure, ambient gas density, etc.) and fuel properties on spray instability near nozzle region. Spray structure near nozzle region was investigated using a magnification photograph. A pulsed Nd-YAG laser was used as a light source, and image was taken by CCD camera. The following conclusions are drawn from this experimental analysis. In low ambient density, the effect of fuel properties on spray instability near nozzle region is dominant. In high ambient density, the effect of ambient gas on spray instability near nozzle region is dominant. High jet velocity has strong influence on spray instability.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 마하 2의 실험실 규모의 풍동장치에서 플라즈마 제트 토치를 점화기로 사용하여 강제점화에 대한 연소 특성을 연구하였다. 하이퍼 혼합기는 혼합기로 사용되었다. 수직분사의 경우, 하나는 하이퍼 혼합기의 웨지면에 충돌하도록 하였으며, 다른 하나는 차가운 주유동으로 바로 분사되도록 하였다. 하이퍼 혼합기와 충돌하는 경우 충돌된 연료는 분산되며 확산 혼합에 의해 혼합성능이 증대된다. 또한 혼합된 가스는 대부분 플라즈마 제트의 열원으로 유입되어 연소 성능을 증대시킨다. 하지만 주유동으로 직접 분사되는 경우는 초음속의 주유동 내에서 점화되지 못하고 많은 양의 연료가 소비된다. 따라서 강제점화방식의 연소의 경우에는 많은 양의 연료-공기 혼합물을 점화가 가능한 열원으로 공급하는 것이 중요하다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 1999년도 제19회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.149-154
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• 1999

The influences of air staging on NOx emission and burnout of coal flames were investigated using 1MWth combustion test facility. The experiments showed that variation of overall excess air ratio led to a relatively higher NOx emission level for ${\lambda}=1.2.$ When air staging was applied to the combustion air, it was confirmed that a fuel rich primary combustion zone was established and unburned char was burened completely by mixing with the staged air supplied radially around the flame. The NOx emissions were redued by increasing the staged air flow rate, and staging air was suggested to be more than 40% of the total combustion air for the substantial NOx reduction.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.386-397
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• 2012

The stability and structure of bluff-body stabilized hydrogen flames were investigated numerically and experimentally. The velocity of coflowing air was varied from subsonic velocity to a supersonic velocity of Mach 1.8. OH PLIF images and Schlieren images were used for analysis. Flame regimes were used to classify the characteristic flame modes according to the variation of the fuel-air velocity ratio, into jet-like flame, central-jet-dominated flame, and recirculation zone flame. Stability curves were drawn to find the blowout regimes and to show the improvement in flame stability with increasing lip thickness of the fuel tube, which acts as a bluff-body. These curves collapse to a single line when the blowout curves are normalized by the size of the bluff-body. The variation of flame length with the increase in air flow rate was also investigated. In the subsonic coflow condition, the flame length decreased significantly, but in the supersonic coflow condition, the flame length increased slowly and finally reached a near-constant value. This phenomenon is attributed to the air-entrainment of subsonic flow and the compressibility effect of supersonic flow. The closed-tip recirculation zone flames in supersonic coflow had a reacting core in the partially premixed zone, where the fuel jet lost its momentum due to the high-pressure zone and followed the recirculation zone; this behavior resulted in the long characteristic time for the fuel-air mixing.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2004

In a liquid-fueled ramjet engine, the insufficient mixing and evaporation result in the low combustion efficiency and combustion instability. Improving its characteristics and devising a means of fuel droplets with air may compensate these disadvantages of liquid fuel ramjet engine. The jet penetrations of various fuel injectors were measured to investigate the spray characteristics of a liquid-fueled ramjet engine under high pressure air-stream conditions. The penetrations in high pressure conditions are smaller than the values calculated from Inamura's or Lee's equations, and the jet penetrations in the high pressure conditions have a similar tendency. In the dual orifice injectors, the jet penetrations of rare orifice is rapidly increased due to the reduction of the drag, which is created by the jet column of front orifice. The jet penetration of rare orifice is increased because of the drag reduction created by the jet column of the front orifice. Because of the drag reduction formed by the column of jet, the jet penetration in the rear orifice of dual orifice injector is much larger than the jet penetrations of single orifice injector. As the distances of the orifice are increased, the jet penetrations of the rear orifice decrease.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.229-244
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• 1998

This study was performed to determine proper fan and heater management schemes for natural air drying of rough rice in round steel bin with stirring device under Korean weather conditions. A computer simulation model was developed to predict moisture content changes, energy requirements, and drymatter losses during drying of rough rice by natural air. Drying test was conducted to validate the simulation model using round steel bin of holding capacity of 300ton at Rice Processing Complex in Jincheon. The bin was filled with rough rice every day and mixing by stirring device. Moisture contents, ambient air temperatures, relative humidities, static pressures in plenum chamber in the bin, airflow rates, and electrical and fuel energy were measured. Relative errors of moisture content changes predicted by the simulation model were below 5ft, and relative errors of final moisture content, final grain weight, required energy ranged from 0.9% to 6%. These not levels indicated that the simulation model can satisfactorily predict the performance factors of natural air drying system such as drying rates and energr consumptions comparing error level of 10% to 15% in other drying simulation models generally used in dryer desists. Twelve different fan and heater management schemes were evaluated using the computer simulation model based on three hourly weather data from Suweon for the period of 1952-1994. The best management schemes were selected comparing the drymatter losses, required drying times, required energy consumptions. Operating fan without heating only when ambient relative humidity was below 85% or 90% appeared to be the most effective method of In operation in favorable drying weather. Under adverse drying climates or to reduce required drying time, operating fan continuously, and heating air with $1.5^{\circ}C$ temperature rise only when ambient relative humidity was over 85% appeared to be the most suitable method.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1530-1537
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• 1998

Mixture formation is one of the significant factors to improve combustion performance of an spark ignition engine. This is affected by spray and atomization characteristics of injector. In the case of EGI system, air-fuel mixing period is so short that a lot of fuel-film and liquid-fuel flow into cylinder. Since this fuel-film is not burnt perfectly in cylinder, it is exhausted in the form of HC emission. In this paper, three measurement techniques were utilized to measure spray characteristics and the amount of fuel-film in the cylinder. At first, PMAS was used to measure the spray characteristics such as size distributions, SMD, and spray angle. Secondly the amount and distribution of fuel-film which flow into through intake valve could be measured quantitatively using the fuel-film measuring device. And lastly, by optical fiber type spark plug used to detect the diffusion flame, the amount of unburned HC was measured. As the result of these experiments, the information of optimal spray characteristics and injection condition to minimize fuel-film could be built up.