• 공업화학
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.618-623
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• 2012

석유의 누출로 인해 토양과 지하수 오염이 점차 증가되면서, 토양환경에 대한 중요성이 점차 늘고 있다. 토양오염은 다른 환경오염에 비해 정화비용이 비싸며, 긴 정화기간이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 토양오염을 발생시킬 수 있는 대표적 석유제품에 대한 물성분석과 함께 토양에 누유시킨 뒤, 석유계 총탄화수소화합물의 스펙트럼 패턴을 분석함으로써 유종들의 특성을 분석하였다. 이는 추후 석유에 의한 토양오염 발생 시, 어떤 석유제품에 의한 오염인지 쉽게 판단이 가능할 것이다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2014

A lightning strike to the aircraft seriously affects the aircraft and its components in various ways. As one of the most critical threats to the flight safety of an aircraft, fuel vapour ignition by lightning can occur through various means, notably through hot spot formation on the fuel tank skins. In this study, a coupled thermal-electrical approach using the commercial software ABAQUS is used to study the effects of a lightning strike on aircraft fuel tanks. This approach assumes that the electrical conductivity of a material depends on temperature, and that a temperature rise in a material due to Joule heat generation depends on electrical current. The inter-dependence of thermal and electrical properties-the thermal-electrical coupling-is analyzed by a coupled thermal-electrical analysis module. The analysis elucidates the effects of different material properties and thicknesses of tank skins and identifies the worst case of lightning zones.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2007년도 제28회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.143-147
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• 2007

케로신과 디젤은 단일 구성물이 아닌 여러 가지 탄화수소 연료로 이루어진 혼합연료이며 화학반응 메커니즘에 대한 모델링이 매우 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 Dagaut가 개발한 298 화학종, 2352 화학반응 단계를 이용하였으며 완전혼합반응기 연소모델을 적용하여 농후 연소 비평형 화학 반응을 계산하였다. 또한 Frenklach의 soot 모델을 적용하여 soot 생성 연구를 수행하였으며 Dagaut의 화학반응 모델에 Appel이 제안한 화학 반응 단계를 추가하여 케로신과 디젤 연료에 대한 soot 모사를 가능하게 하였으며 수정된 모델은 간단한 soot 반응 메커니즘을 사용하였음에도 불구하고 soot 생성 예측이 가능하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2001

Various welding processes are now available for end cap closure of nuclear fuel element such as TG(Tungsten Inert Gas) welding, magnetic resistance welding and laser welding. Even though the resistance and TIG welding processes are widely used for manufacturing commercial fuel elements, they can not be recommended for the remote seal welding of a fuel element at a hot cell facility due to the complexity of electrode alignment, difficulity in the replacement of parts in the remote manner and a large heat input for a thin sheath. Therefore, the Nd:YAG laser system using optical fiber transmission was selected for Zircaloy-4 end cap welding inside hot cell. The laser welding apparatus was developed using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser of 500 watt average power with optical fiber transmission. The weldability of laser welding was satisfactory with respect to the microstructures and mechanical properties comparing with TIG and resistance welding. The optimum operation processes of laser welding and the optical fiber transmission system for hot cell operation in a remote manner have been developed The effects of irradiation on the properties of the laser apparatus were also being studied.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2020

As competition among global automakers intensifies, demand for materials that are better in price and performance is increasing. While steel and plastic materials compete for automotive fuel tanks, plastic materials have advantages such as light weight for automobiles. However, they have high prices. Accordingly, in this paper, four types of Zn-X plated steel sheets, electroplating (X = none, Sn) and galvannealed (X = Fe, Fe-Mg), were manufactured and their applicability as a fuel tank material was evaluated. Nano-composite coating solution with good conductivity was treated on the surface of plated steels using a roll coater and then cured through induction furnace to improve corrosion resistance. Quality characteristics such as corrosion resistance, fuel resistance to diverse gasoline and diesel fuels, and seam weldability were evaluated for the above plated steels. Their properties were compared and analyzed with conventional Zn-Ni electroplating steels. Among the above plated steels, Zn-Fe-Mg galvannealed steels coated with nano-composite coating exhibited better properties than other steels. Detailed experimental results suggest that evenly distributed Mg elements on the coating layer play a key role in the enhanced quality performance.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.458-465
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• 2018

This study reports the fabrication of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) containing two kinds of functional groups: i) trimethylphosphite (TMP) and ii) trimethylamine (TMA). We carried out the synthesis of polymers to enhance thermal stability and ion conductivity. The alternative polymer was prepared using 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propane and decafluorobiphenyl. The membrane was fabricated by solution casting method. The thermal stability of membranes was examined by TGA. The physiochemical properties of membranes were also investigated in terms of water uptake, swelling ratio, ion exchange capacity, and ion conductivity. The hydroxide ion conductivity of the membranes reached about 20.2 mS/cm for quaternary ammonium poly(arylene ether) (QA-PAE) containing TMA moiety and 5.1 mS/cm for quaternary phosphonium PAE (QP-PAE) containing TMP moiety at $90^{\circ}C$.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.643-647
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• 2014

Two types of fuel supply method ar used in CNG vehicles. One is premixed ignition and the other is gas-jet ignition. In premixed ignition, the fuel is introduced with intake air so that homogeneous air-fuel mixture may form. The ignitability of this method depends on the global equivalence ratio. In gas-jet ignition, CNG is introduced directly into the engine combustion chamber. The overall mixture is stratified by retarded fuel injection. In this study, a visualization technique was employed to obtain fundamental properties regarding overall mixture formation of direct injected CNG fuel inside a constant volume chamber. Jet angles, penetrations and projected jet area with respect to ambient pressure are investigated. The penetration decreases apparently and the time reaching the CVC wall was delayed as the chamber pressure increases. This is caused by the higher inertia of the fluid elements that the injected fluid must accelerate and push aside. It is same to liquid fuel such as diesel and gasoline, but this phenomenon is far more prominent for the gaseous fuel.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.239-243
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• 2010

Biodiesel (BD) can be effectively used as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. However, BD may affect the performance and exhaust emissions in diesel engines because it has different physical and chemical properties from diesel fuel such as viscosity, compressibility and so on. To investigate the effect of injection timing on the characteristics of engine performance and exhaust emissions with BD in an indirect injection diesel engine, BD derived from soybean oil was applied in this study. The engine was operated at six different injection timings from TDC to BTDC $12^{\circ}CA$ and five loads at various engine speeds. Below BD 30, there's similar trend compared with diesel fuel. But, the best injection timing was $4{\sim}6^{\circ}CA$ retarded compare with diesel fuel using BD 30. When the fuel injection timing was retarded, better results were showed, which may confirm by advantages of BD.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.393-396
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• 2000

Spent fuel rod cutting device should cut a spent fuel rod to an optimal size in order to fast decladding operation. In this paper, for developing spent fuel rod cutting device with cutter blade, rod properties such as dimension and material of zircaloy tube and fuel pellet are investigated at first and then, various methods of existing cutting devices used commercially are investigated and their performance are analyzed and compared. This device is designed to be operated automatically via remote control system considering later use in Hot-Cell (radioactive area) and the mdularization in the structure of this device makes maintenance easy. SUS and Zircaloy-4 are selected as cut material used in the test of spent fuel rod cutting device by cutter blade. In order for constructing the high durable cutter blade, various materials are analyzed in terms of quality, shape, characteristic, and heat treatment, etc. and from these results, spent fuel rod cutting device is designed and manufactured based on the considerations of durability, round shape sustainability of rod cross-section, debris generation, and fire risk, etc.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2008

Three properties of food waste are water 80%, ash 3%, volatile matter 17%. When food waste goes through treatment process such as removal of foreign substances, removal of water as well as sodium, dryness, and pulverization, it transforms into 4,000 Kcal/kg purverized fuel if moisture content is below 13%. Fuel ratio (fixed carbon/volatile matter) of purverized fuel is low compared with bituminuous coal. Ignition temperature measured by thermogravimetry analyzer is about $460^{\circ}C$. Combustion test of purverized fuel have been performed using energy recovery facility which include storage tank of dewatered cake, dryer, hammer mill, combuster including burner, boiler, flue gas treatment equipment. When 160-180 kg/hr of fuel is steadily supplied to burner for 3 hours, combustor temperature reaches about $1000^{\circ}C$ and CO is 77-103 ppm at 1.55 excess air ratio and SOx and Cl are under 2 ppm and 1ppm, respectively. This experiment demonstrate that purverized fuel made from food waste could be an alternative clean energy at the age of high oil price.