• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.11
• /
• pp.100-107
• /
• 2021

The use of new and renewable energy is essential to solve the problem of increasing fossil fuel use due to industrial development. The paradigm of the automobile industry has changed due to the strengthening of environmental regulations in developed countries, and the development of eco-friendly cars is underway. Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), which use hydrogen as fuel, require strict standards for fuel-related components. In particular, check valves for FCEV control high-pressure hydrogen and thus, must be sufficiently strong for the challenging environment caused by high-pressure hydrogen. Therefore, this study used DEFORM 3D, a regular finite element analysis program, to check the moldability of check valves for FCEV, design the process, verify reliability through single streamline analysis, tensile tests, and ANSYS simulations, and identify suitable materials for the high-pressure hydrogen environment.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.7
• /
• pp.569-573
• /
• 2016

Strengthened regulations for atmospheric emissions from ships have created a need for new and alternative power systems that offer low emissions and high energy efficiency. Recently, new types of propulsion power systems, such as fuel cell systems that use hydrogen as an energy source, have gained serious consideration in applications requiring emission control. The purpose of this work is to certify the availability of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems equipped with recycled steam reforming fuel processors, and to compare their performance with that of extra steam reforming systems. The results demonstrate that the recycled steam reforming system has a slightly lower cell voltage and higher energy efficiency than the extra steam reforming system.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2023

In this study, the electrochemical performance of a 5-layer fuel cell stack using silica composite membranes as polymer electrolyte membranes was evaluated. It was observed that the flow rate of the fuel gases plays a crucial role in stack performance, particularly being mainly dependent on the flow rate of hydrogen. Increasing the flow rate of oxygen resulted in negligible changes in performance, whereas an increase in the flow rate of hydrogen demonstrated performance improvements. However, this led to an imbalance in the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen flow rates, causing significant degradation in stack performance and durability. A decline in stack performance was also observed over time due to the degradation of stack components. This phenomenon was consistently observed in individual unit cells. Based on these findings, it was emphasized that, in addition to optimizing the performance of each component during stack operation, it is important to optimize design and operating conditions for uniform flow rate control. Lastly, the developed silica composite membrane was assessed to have sufficient performance for application in actual fuel cell systems, exhibiting a performance of over 25 W based on maximum power.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2011

The use of a separator to control stack temperature in a molten carbonate fuel cell was studied by numerical simulation using a computational fluid dynamics code. The stack model assumed steady-state and constant-load operation of a co-flow stack with an external reformer at atmospheric pressure. Representing a conventional cell type, separators with two flow paths, one each for the anode and cathode gas, were simulated under conditions in which the cathode gas was composed of either air and carbon dioxide (case I) or oxygen and carbon dioxide (case II). The results showed that the average cell potential in case II was higher than that in case I due to the higher partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the cathode gas. This result indicates that the amount of heat released during the electrochemical reactions was less for case II than for case I under the same load. However, simulated results showed that the maximum stack temperature in case I was lower than that in case II due to a reduction in the total flow rate of the cathode gas. To control the stack temperature and retain a high cell potential, we proposed the use of a separator with three flow paths (case III); two flow paths for the electrodes and a path in the center of the separator for the flow of nitrogen for cooling. The simulated results for case III showed that the average cell potential was similar to that in case II, indicating that the amount of heat released in the stack was similar to that in case II, and that the maximum stack temperature was the lowest of the three cases due to the nitrogen gas flow in the center of the separator. In summary, the simulated results showed that the use of a separator with three flow paths enabled temperature control in a co-flow stack with an external reformer at atmospheric pressure.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.284-292
• /
• 2022

Hydrogen is promising a candidate for energy supporting the carbon neutrality policy for greenhouse gas reduction, which is being promoted in several countries, including Korea. Although challenging efforts-such as lowering the costs of green hydrogen production and fuel cells-remain, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are expected to play a significant role in the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. In line with this objective, the hydrogen FCEV working group in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) compiled and revised international standards related to hydrogen refueling stations as of 2019. A well-established hydrogen quality management system based on the standard documents will increase the reliability of hydrogen charging stations and accelerate the use of FCEVs. In this study, among the published ISO standards and other references, the main requirements for managing charging stations and developing related techniques were summarized and explained. To respond preemptively to the growing FCEV market, a continuous hydrogen quality monitoring method suitable for use at hydrogen charging stations was proposed.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.79.2-79.2
• /
• 2010

FCEV(Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle)는 연료전지스택의 각 셀에서 반응하는 화학에너지를 전기에너지로 변환하여 차량을 구동하는 시스템이다. 이러한 연료전지 셀이 정상적인 발전이 되지 않을 경우 비정상적인 전압이 발전되고 이것을 방치한다면 연료전지 스택의 영구적인 고장을 야기할 수 있다. 이를 방지하기 위해 SVM(Stack Voltage monitor) 제어기는 각 셀의 전압을 측정하고 그 정보를 상위 제어기인 FCU(Fuel cell Control Unit)에 전달한다. 이에 FCU는 연료전지스택의 고장을 운전자에게 알리고 연료전지스택의 발전을 멈추게 한다. 기존에 SVM 제어기는 각 셀마다 분압저항을 통하여 측정하며 이 전압의 차를 이용하여 셀 전압을 계산하는 방식이었다. 이는 상위 셀로 갈수록 오차가 커지는 문제가 있고 다수의 CPU 및 DC/DC 컨버터가 적용이 필요하여 복잡한 구성과 가격이 높은 문제가 있었다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 cell monitoring IC를 적용하였고 좀 더 정밀한 측정과 간단한 인터페이스를 구성할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 기존 SVM 제어기보다 안정되고 정밀한 SVM 제어기의 개발에 대해 기술하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.39 no.11
• /
• pp.1052-1059
• /
• 2011

It is conducted that power characteristic variation simulation of electric propulsion system that uses fuel cells, solar cells and a battery as power sources. Combining each power source, 400W electric propulsion system have been modeled and verified. In result, without active control logic, it is confirmed that battery's power response is faster than other power sources at starting and transient condition, fuel cell and solar cell are a major electrical power during cruise condition. After completing flight, SOC is 24.2% at the winter solstice and is 93% at the summer solstice, It is revealed that active power control for sustaining proper SOC is necessary as a securing the system safety and effective power distribution.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.76-85
• /
• 2016

This study introduces the system layout and control strategy necessary to start and operate a fuel processor in a wide range of temperatures where a gasoline was selected as the fuel of fuel processor considering logistic support of Korea Army. The autothermal reformig(ATR) catalyst is heated to light-off temperature by combustion method in the initial stage. In order to ignite the gasoline and air mixture stably, the glow plug is installed after ATR catalyst. When the catalyst is increased to light-off temperature, the reformer is operated from initiation to steady state conditions as follows: Partial oxidation(POX) mode, partial ATR mode, full ATR mode. Finally the start-up and control strategy is validated by the operational test of gasoline fuel processor at low and room temperature. As a result the gasoline fuel processor is able to start-up within 40 min and to produce the reformate gas which has 37 ~ 42 vol.%(dry basis) of $H_2$ and 0.3 vol.% of CO.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2016

Thermal management of a fuel cell is important to satisfy the requirements of durability and efficiency under varying load conditions. In this study, a linear state feedback controller was designed to maintain the temperature within operating conditions. Due to the nonlinearity of automotive fuel cell system, the state feedback controller results in marginal stable under load condition from $0.5A/cm^2$ to $0.7A/cm^2$. A PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) and the modified state feedback controller are applied to control the temperature under the load condition from $0.5A/cm^2$ to $0.7A/cm^2$. The cooling system model is composed of a reservoir, radiator, bypass valve, fan, and a water pump. The performance of the control algorithm was evaluated in terms of the integral time weighted absolute error (ITAE). Additionally, MATLAB/SIMULINK$^{(R)}$ was used for the development of the system models and controllers. The modified state feedback controller was found to be more effective for controlling temperature than other algorithms when tested under low load conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.569-575
• /
• 2020

In this study, a fuel cell system model for ship power was developed and verified by comparing the experimental results obtained by supplying pure oxygen. To verify the proposed model, the fuel cell output characteristics when oxygen was supplied were compared with those when air was supplied using an air compressor. In addition, the effect of the change in the thermal properties of the fuel cell system on the output of the stack was examined. Within the experimental range of this study, when pure oxygen was supplied as the cathode supply gas, the calculated and experimental voltages and outputs obtained through modeling were almost the same over the entire load range. When air was supplied instead of oxygen for the cathode supply at a constant load of 560 A, each stack voltage was approximately 14 V, the stack output was approximately 8 kW, and the stack efficiency was approximately 3 %. It was confirmed that the overall system efficiency was reduced by approximately 8 %. Among the thermal properties examined in this study, the heat transfer coefficient of the coolant to the stack was found to have the greatest effect on the output of the stack.