• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: The low temperature at flowering period break the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth of apple tree. Summer pruning has been used to control vegetative growth. So, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of summer pruning time on shoot growth and fruit quality of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees damaged by the low temperature at flowering period. METHODS AND RESULTS: The following treatments were applied to tree : a) control (no summer pruning), b) pruned 26 June, c) pruned 30 July, d) pruned 28 August, and e) pruned 26 September. The summer pruning significantly increased light penetration and fruit red color by reducing the total shoot growth compared with control. And the summer pruning control the outbreak of apple valsa canker. But the summer pruning at the end of June increased regrowth of shoot and pruning weight compared with the summer pruning at the end of August. The summer pruning at 30 July had the highest fruit weight, but return bloom was the highest in the summer pruning at 28 August. CONCLUSION(S): These results indicated the optimum summer pruning time of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees damaged by the low temperature at flowering period were the end of August.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Selection an suitable light source is essential in the year-round production of horticultural crops in closed production systems such as plant factory with controlled environments. This study was investigated to confirm the effects of artificial light sources on growth of cherry tomato'CF Jelly'(Lycopersicon esculentum var.) under high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS), metal-halide lamps (MH), and LEDs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Light intensity of the light sources was controlled at 220±30 µmol/m²/s with 12 hrs of photoperiod for a day. Flower development was significantly faster in HPS and MH treatments compared to the LEDs. There was no significant difference between the leaf number and leaf shape under the HPS and MH treatments. Reproductive growth of cherry tomato was significantly promoted by the LEDs treatment of blue plus red lights. Fruit yield per plant also increased under the LEDs compared to the others. CONCLUSION(S): Growth, flowering, and fruit setting of the cherry tomato were accomplished by the artificial lights under plant factory conditions. The HPS treatment showed negative effect on fruit quality in terms of blossom-end rot incidence compared to the LEDs or MH treatment. Effect of the LEDs on promotion of fruit weight and yield was also proved. Additional research should be carried out for improving sugar metabolism or decreasing disease in the fruits under plant factory system using only artificial lights.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2014

This study aimed to examine the effect of different fruit-loads on fruit yield, quality, and plant growth of 'Seolhyang' strawberry. Fruit loads were adjusted from the first to the fourth flower cluster so that the number of fruits became 20, 25, and 30, and non-flower thinning of some was made. The more the number of fruits per plant was, the greater the total yield obtained, but marketable yield decreased and non-marketable yield increased. Compared to the treatment whose fruit load was adjusted, the control with non-flower thinning had more fruit yield in the first and second flower clusters but tended to have less fruit yield in the third and fourth flower clusters. The lower the fruit load was, the more soluble solids content of fruits increased. The lower the fruit load of a flower cluster was, the faster its harvest time reached. Harvest of fruit load of 20 was faster by 10 days in the second and fourth flower clusters relative to the control. On November 24, 2012, flowering thinning of the first flower cluster was made. On March 7, 2013, fruit dry weight of the second flower cluster was most heavy in the control. Dry weight of roots decreased in the control and the fruit load of 30 compared to November 24. On April 9, fruit dry weight of the third flower cluster did not have significant difference according to fruit load, however the more the fruit load was, the smaller dry weight of leaf, root, and crown became, which were vegetative organs. On May 12, the more the fruit load, the smaller leaf area and dry weight of vegetative organs and differences from varying fruit-loads became considerable in later period of growth. Appropriate fruit load of 'Seolhyang' strawberry were from 20 to 25. Maintaining balance between vegetative and fruit growth by adjusting fruit load is very important for stable fruit production.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.225-230
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• 2006

To elucidate the effect of temperature on the fruit body growth and structure of pleurotus ostreatus cultivar Chunchu No.2, microstructures were observed with scanning- and transmission electron microscope. Pileocystidia were well developed on the surface of pileus in the fruit body cultivated at $7^{\circ}C$. As the increasing temperature for fruit body development, thickness of pileus, thickness of stipes and length of stipes shown thin, thick and long, respectively. Color of pileus was also changes to whitish grown under high temperature. Physical structure shown as hardness and gumminess of stipes grown at high temperature, fruit body were soften than that of low temperature. Microstructures of fruit body grown at high temperature shown fast-discharge of basidiospore and sytoms aging. vacuolation in the cell observed at mycelium grown under high temperature. Optimum temperature for vegetative growth of fruit bodies were $15^{\circ}C$, and shown regular arrangement of mycelium on the surface of stipes.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2010

The effects of foliar spray of calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$) during fruit growth period was investigated by changes of the shoot growth and fruit quality in 'Daewol' peach (Prunus persica). Since foliar spray of $Ca(OH)_2$ 1, 2, 5, and 10 $g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at 7 day-intervals after fruit thinning, shoot growth was remarkably decreased compared with control group. An average SPAD value of fifth leaf from proximal part of the shoot was higher as 42.1 specific color difference sensor value (SCDSV) of $Ca(OH)_2$ foliar spraying treatments than 40.9 SCDSV of control group. Photosynthesis rates were also significantly increased by treating $Ca(OH)_2$ of higher concentration. Among fruit characteristics affecting quality, fruit weight was increased depending on concentration of $Ca(OH)_2$ treatment. The soluble solids content was lowest in control group (8.78 $^{\circ}Brix$) compare with higher concentrations of $Ca(OH)_2$ foliar spraying treatment in each 9.17, 9.22, 9.71, 10.58 $^{\circ}Brix$. The acidity and anthocyanin contents were no significant differences among treatment, but firmness of pericarp and flesh of fruits was significantly increased by $Ca(OH)_2$ foliar spray treatment. As a results of morphological observation of leaf, thickness of palisade parenchyma was thinner in control group (63.5 ${\mu}m$) than those of each 86.5, 87.5, 93.6, 107.4 ${\mu}m$ in $Ca(OH)_2$ foliar spraying treatment. Higher $Ca(OH)_2$ foliar spray also increased the thickness of cell wall of epidermis and hypodermis in 'Daewol' fruit.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of grafting methods on plug seedling quality, growth after transplanting, and yield of oriental melon that those seedlings were raised in the 32 hole plug tray for protected cultivation. Number of leaf and leaf area in approach grafting were higher until 15 days after grafting but lower on 20 days after grafting. Plant height, stem diameter and content of chlorophyll were nearly the same of each grafting methods on 20 days after grafting. Growth of top part, that is, plant height, leaf number, and leaf area on root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting was the highest among the grafting methods. In the underground part, dry weight of root was high and T/R ratio was the lowest. Seedling quality of root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting was the highest among grafting methods before transplanting. Plant height, number of leaf, leaf area and dry weight of root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting in the growth of field were the highest on 30 days after grafting among grafting methods and days required for first flowering was also shorter, 38.4 days among grafting methods. But Fruit weight, content of soluble solids, fruit hardness, and color characteristics in fruit quality were insignificant among each grafting methods. Consequently, grafting methods influenced on the seedling quality, of oriental melon early growth after transplanting and yields. It was concluded that root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting was the best methods in present study. It will be needed to convert grafting methods. Thus new grafting method should be applied.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.762-770
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• 2014

This study was conducted to elucidate the influence of prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) application on shoot growth and fruit quality in 'Fuji'/M.9 mature apple trees. Pro-Ca was applied at concentrations ranging from 100 to $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ one time at petal fall (PF; 5-10 cm terminal shoot growth) to the whole canopy of the tree, or at 100, 125, $150mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ concentrations two times, at PF and then 4-8 weeks after PF. Pro-Ca treatment generally reduced mean shoot growth, with its effect being proportional to the application rate. Pro-Ca at $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ significantly reduced the shoot growth by 15-22% compared to the control, while its effect was not significantly different from Pro-Ca $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Pro-Ca treatments induced higher occurrence of secondary growth compared to the control. Pro-Ca treatment increased the photosynthetic rate by 5-10% relative to the control, and also increased soluble solid concentration and fruit red color. However, fruit weight was significantly reduced by $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Pro-Ca, which was attributable to the greater secondary growth caused Pro-Ca $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment compared to the control and Pro-Ca $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.414-420
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• 2015

Antifungal activities of crude extractum of Nanshancha Seed Cake (NSC), to inactivate postharvest pathogens were investigated. Highest inhibitory rate was found against C. musae, C. gloeosporioides and C. papaya P.Henn, which was much stronger than that by tea saponin. Compared to tea saponin, effects of NSC extractum was relatively weak and similar on C. gloeosporioides Penzig and P. italicum. In an in vivo study, best controlling effects by NSC extractum was found with banana anthracnose disease development, which showed no inhibitory effects by tea saponin. NSC extractum controlled in vitro C. musae growth through directly inhibiting germination rate and germ tube elongation, and causing distortation, rupture and indentation of C. musae mycelium. In banana fruit subject to C. musae inoculation, higher PAL, POD, GLU and CHT activity was observed in banana fruit treated with crude NSC extractum than that of water control fruits. Current study proved the best controlling effects of crude NSC extractum in C. musae in vitro and in vivo development, which through direct inhibition of C. musae growth and increasing defense system of the banana fruit.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 2012

Blossom-end rot is probably the most recognizable Ca deficiency that affects fruit production including pepper. We investigated the induction of blossom-end rot during the period of rapid vegetative growth and fruit setting, and the effect of Ca fertilization on the suppression of blossom-end rot in pepper plants grown in a plastic-film house. During the first fruit setting period, more than 60% of pepper fruits larger than 8 cm showed the symptoms of blossom-end rot. Under the condition of transpiration occurring at a much faster rate, growing leaves of pepper plants could be the greater sinks for Ca than developing fruits. The incidence of blossom-end rot was significantly decreased after two weeks of Ca fertigation. Calcium application during the rapid vegetative growth and fruit setting period could be suggested as a preventive step to overcome the local Ca deficiency inducing blossom-end rot of pepper fruits.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

This study was carried out to understand the physiological characteristics of early-matured 'Hanareum' (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) pears through anatomical structure and fruit characteristics and also the changes according to gibberellin (GA) treatment. The pericarp at full bloom consists of outer epidermis, hypodermis, parenchyma cell, and inner epidermis from the exterior and five types of vascular bundle tissues. Cork cell layer was formed at 70 days after full bloom (DAFB) in non-treated fruits and formed at 60 DAFB in GA treated fruits. Cell division period was from full bloom (FB) to 40 DAFB and then fruit enlargement was accomplished by the cell growth. Comparison of the fruit enlargement and fruit structure development by GA treatment or non-treatment showed that cell division of 'Hanaerum' fruits did not affect the GA treatment but fruit enlargement was affected cell growth. Fruit stalk of GA treatment fruits was larger than non-treated fruits from 40 DAFB which correspond to the period of the stop of cell division and 'Hanareum' was regarded GA treatment expedite of vascular bundle tissue growth and relatively increased nutrient transport to fruit. In addition to, average fruit quality between the non-treatment and GA treatment showed that fruit weight was higher in fruits treated by GA but firmness was lower and probably was effected fruit storing in 'Hanareum' pear.