• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.334-339
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• 2005

Although phosphogypsum can have profound effects on both the physical and chemical properties of certain soils with supplying the essential elements, no widespread use of by-product phosphogypsum will be made unless such uses pose no threat to the public health and soil contaminations. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphogypsum on the growth of oriental melon and soil properties in plastic film house. Phosphogypsum was treated at the rate of $70kg\;CaO\;10a^{-1}$ and the effects were compared with the treatment of Ca-Mg carbonate. In the treatment of phosphogypsum, early growth of oriental melon was significantly increased comparing to the growth in the Ca-Mg carbonate treatment. Total fruit yield was not different between the treatments of phosphogypsum and Ca-Mg carbonate, but marketable fruit yield was higher in the phosphogypsum treatment. Although Ca and S contents in oriental melon were increased in the phosphogypsum treatment, contents of toxic heavy metals including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb were not different between the two treatments. Also, soil pH and contents of extractable toxic metals in the soil were not significantly different between the two treatments after the experiment. These results suggest that phosphogypsum can be a valuable substitute for lime materials in high pH soils of plastic film house.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.80-83
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• 2011

Sparassis crispa(Cauliflower mushroom) was an edible mushroom that shows remarkably high contents of ${\beta}$-glucan compared to other edible mushroom. In this study, we aimed to select suitable conditions and materials for mycelial growth and fruit body production. The longer saccharification time of barely result in higher sugar content for eight hours. The optimal sugar content of media for mycelial growth was showed at level of 6 $^{\circ}Brix$. Optimum temperature and pH for mycelial growth in liquid spawn were $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0~6.0, respectively. In case of sawdust was used Larix kaempferi as main material, the fruit body yield and cultivation period of supplemented with 10% wheat flour and 20% corn flour were highest and fastest, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 1986

Of the 1,200 single spore isolates of Alternaria mali causing apple leaf spot and fruit decay, the mycelial colonies showed 76, 96 and 15% growth at 100,000 ${\mu}g/ml$ of captafol, chlorothalonil and folpet, respectively, and five and three percent growth at 10,000 ${\mu}g/ml$ of iprodione and polyoxin. These isolates showed cross-tolerance of mycelial growth, spore formation, or spore germination to the above five fungicides plus captan, garbenda, and thiophanate methyl. Captafol, mancozeb, polydong, and propineb did not show any cross-tolerance of spore germination since no spore was germinated at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ which was much lower than the concentration used by apple growers. Benomyl, fenarimol, oxidong, and triademefon showed medium degree of cross-tolerance of the fungal growth, sporulation, and spore germination.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.781-787
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• 2014

The effects of elevated temperature and $CO_2$ concentration on vine growth and characteristics of fruits of three-year-old 'Campbell Early' grapevine were investigated. The treatment groups consisted of a control group (ambient temperature and $390{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}\;CO_2$), an elevated temperature group (ambient temperature + $4.0^{\circ}C$ and $390{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}\;CO_2$), an elevated $CO_2$ group (ambient temperature and $700{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}\;CO_2$), and an elevated $CO_2$/temperature group (ambient temperature + $4.0^{\circ}C$ and $700{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}\;CO_2$). The average shoot length was 312.6 cm in the elevated $CO_2$/temperature group, which was higher than the other groups; with 206.2 cm in the control group and 255.6 cm and 224.8 cm in the elevated temperature group and elevated $CO_2$ group respectively. However, the shoot diameter showed a tendency of decreasing in the elevated temperature and elevated $CO_2$/temperature groups. The equatorial diameter of berries was increased in the higher carbon dioxide concentration, and the soluble solid content was the highest in the elevated $CO_2$ group, with $14.6^{\circ}Brix$ among all treatment groups and the lowest in the elevated temperature group ($13.9^{\circ}Brix$). The harvest date was approximately 11 d earlier in the elevated $CO_2$/temperature group and 4 to 2 days earlier in the elevated $CO_2$ group and elevated temperature group, respectively. Regarding the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration during the growth period, higher photosynthetic rates were observed in the elevated $CO_2$ group and the elevated $CO_2$/temperature group during the early stage of growth; however the photosynthetic rate was reduced dramatically in summer, which was contrary to transpiration.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.349-355
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• 2018

This study was aimed at predicting the yield of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) through analyzing the growth characteristics, yield pattern and greenhouse environment. In the greenhouse of the Gyeongnam area (667 m above sea level), the red paprika 'Cupra' and the yellow paprika 'Fiesta' were grown from July 5, 2016 to July 15, 2017. The planting density was $3.66plants/m^2$ and attracted 2 stems. During the cultivation period, the average external radiation of the glasshouse was $14.36MJ/m^2/day$ and the internal average temperature was controlled as $20.1^{\circ}C$. After 42 weeks of planting, the growth rate of 'Cupra' was 7.3 cm/week and that of 'Fiesta' was 6.9 cm/week. The first fruit setting of 'Cupra' appeared at 1.0th node and 'Fiesta' at 2.7th node. The first harvest of 'Fiesta' was 11 weeks after planting and 'Fiesta' was 14 weeks. Comparing the yield per 10 a until the end of the cultivation in July, 'Fiesta' was 19,307 kg, which was 2.4% higher than that of 'Cupra'. And the fruit weight ratio of over 200 g of 'Cupra' was 27.7% which was 7.7% higher than that of 'Fiesta'. The average required days to harvest after fruit setting of 'Cupra' was 72.6 days and 'Fiesta' was 63.8 days. According to the relationship between the average required days to harvest and the cumulative radiation (during from fruit setting to harvest), the more radiation increases the less required days to harvest increases after February. In terms of yield, 'Cupra' increased in yield as the cumulative radiation increased, while 'Fiesta' showed an irregular pattern. Cumulative radiation from fruit setting to harvest was negatively correlated with required days to harvest after February in both cultivars. But in relation to yield, there were difference between 'Cupra' and 'Fiesta'.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 2019

Abstract. This research was conducted to figure out the optimal size of the plug cell and seedling raising period in 'Nongwoo' and 'Nonghyeop' cultivars. In the first experiment on effect of plug cell size on growth of squash, seedlings were transplanted into hydroponic cultivation beds at different growing stages: Those in 32-cell trays with 3-4 true leaves at 25 days after sowing, those in 50-cell trays with 2 true leaves at 15 days after sowing, those in 105-cell trays just before a true leaf development, and those in 162-cell trays with only cotyledons at 8 days after sowing. In the second experiment on effect of seedling raising period on growth of squash, it was conducted to have different sowing dates. But the same transplanting date, based on the results of Experiment 1, and compared the differences in growth and fruit productivity as affected by plug cell size in the same way with experiment 1 including the cultivars and environmental conditions. After setting the transplanting date in advance, the number of days for sowing were calculated back for each treatment. In the first experiment, plant height was the greatest in 105-cell trays followed by 162, 50 and 32-cell trays in both cultivars. The best fruit quality was found in different treatments depending on the cultivars, although it was the lowest in 32-cell trays in both cultivars. The fruit quality was not significantly different among those from cell sizes. Therefore, when raising seedlings in 105-cell trays, the period of raising seedlings can be shortened as compared with the conventional 32-cell trays, and this change could reduce the workforce required for growing and transplanting seedlings. In the second experiment, after transplanting, shoot height and leaf width in the first measurement in both cultivars were greater in the 32-cell treatment. However, the last measurement after four weeks showed no significant difference in plant height, but significantly greatest leaf width in the smallest cell treatment, even as compared with that in 32-cell treatment. In case of 'Nongwoo', length and weight of the first harvested fruit showed the highest values in the treatment of 105-cell trays. In case of 'Nonghyeop' the 162-cell treatment along with the 105-cell treatment showed greatest length and weight of the first fruits. From these results, zucchini plug seedlings can be raised in plug trays with reduced cell sizes than the conventional 32-cell trays with improved fruit productivity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2014

A total of 67 watermelon accessions which include 37 accessions from Korean and 27 accessions from Turkish germplasm and 3 accessions of other related species from USA were investigated for morphological characteristics. The UPOV descriptor list for 56 characters (6 seedlings, 4 plants, 11 leaves, 5 flowers, 23 fruits and 7 seeds) was used in characterization. In addition, eight quantitative characters, hypocotyl length, cotyledon width, cotyledon length, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, thickness of outer layer of pericarp and soluble solid content were also measured. The 56 qualitatively scored characters were analyzed by principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) while the eight quantitative ones were subjected to principle component analysis (PCA). Morphological characterization result demonstrated that the accessions displayed high morphological diversity(how much percent?). A high level of phenotypic diversity was observed from the results of morphological characterization. However, plant growth habit and leaf blade flecking showed constant characters for all of the accessions. The Korean and Turkish watermelon genotypes are diverse groups and can be separated by both multivariate analysis of morphological characters although the grouping was more apparent in PCoS results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.19-20
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• 2003

Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka and Resellinia necatrix Prillieux cause violet root rot and white root rot of various crops, respectively. Intensive cultural practices, such as the use of dwarf stock, glasshouse cultivation, etc., predispose plants to the diseases. The diseases can be controlled only by biennial drench of 50100L of chemicals for each tree. Biocontrol with soil microorganisms proved ineffective under field conditions. Long-term control may be hampered by the perennial growth of hosts and by the difficulty in the establishment of antagonists in soil. Crop rotation or soil amendment is not applicable, either. Fungal viruses with dsRNA genome (Buck 1986) are promising against root diseases of fruit trees since they exist within the cytoplasm of fungal hyphae and need no effort to help them persist in the field. The viruses are considered to spread though the network of fungal mycelia in the soil once they enter the fungal cytoplasm. Here, we present preliminary results from a project to control the root diseases of fruit trees with dsRNA.(중략)

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 2002

This paper aims to compare the effects of two teaching methods, the discovery-observational(DO) and the expository-observational(EO) instructions, on students learning interest in the life cycle of fruit fly. The subjects, 463 third-graders from two elementary schools in Changwon City, were divided into two groups, the DO group and the EO group. After the instruction on the life of the flies in two different teaching ways, a questionnaire with 13 items was devised regarding the students' interest, and the subjects were asked to respond to it. The results reveal that the general mean score of the DO group is higher than that of the EO group. Also, the DO group obtains the higher mean score in each item, except two items about knowledge learning. The differences of the mean scores of the two types, general as well as item-individual, between the two groups are statistically significant. This suggests that the class about the life cycle of living creatures easily getatable and observable, such as fruit flies, should be student-centered investigatory one, where students themselves collect them and observe the process of their growth and whole cycle.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.87-89
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• 2008

A blue mold on tomato fruit caused by Penicillium oxalicum occurred sporadically in a greenhouse at Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services. Infection usually occurred through wounds or cracks on the fruits. Symptoms began with water soaking lesions, then became watery and softened eventually. Colony of the causal fungus was white at the early growing stage, turned green on Czapek yeast extract agar and malt extract agar. Conidia were ellipsoidal in shape and $2-6{\times}2-4{\mu}m$ in size. Stipes were septate, smooth, thin walled, and $90-280{\times}3-4{\mu}m$ in size. Penicilli were mostly biverticillate. Ramuli were 1-3 groups, smooth, and $10-16{\times}2-3{\mu}m$ in size. Rami were 1-2 groups and $6-30{\times}2-4{\mu}m$ in size. Metulae were 2-3(5) verticils, smooth, and $12-20{\times}3-4{\mu}m$ in size. Phialides were 5-7 verticilate, ampulliform to cylindroidal, smooth, and $8-12{\times}2-3{\mu}m$ in size. Optimum temperature for growth was about $25^{\circ}C$. Pathogenicity of the fungus was proved on tomato fruit according to Koch's postulation. On the basis of mycological and pathological characteristics, the fungus was identified as P. oxalicum Currie & Thom. This is the first report of the blue mold on tomato fruit caused by P. oxalicum in Korea.