• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.135-139
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to investigate the difference among 3-years-used polyolefin films which were J-l, J-2 and J-2 having differences in film thickness, infrared absorption and ultraviolet penetration from Jan. 16, 2006. And 1-year-used polyethylene film K-1 used from Jan. 16, 2009, for covering film of greenhouse for oriental melon cultivation. J-2, J-3 and J-1 films were better for keeping heat in order, and J-2 film was the best in plant growth at early stage. The first blooming and harvesting days in J-2 film were earlier 15 days than those in K-1 film. Chromaticity and soluble solid of harvested fruit in J-2, J-3 and J-1 films were higher than whose in K-1 film. Marketable yields in J-2, J-3 and J-1 films were higher in order.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.173-176
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• 2016

This research was performed to breed new columnar-typed apple variety for pollinator in apple orchard. We cross-fertilized 'Hongro' that was an ovary parent and 'Maypole' a pollen parent in 2003. We gathered seeds in 2003 and sowed after breaking of dormancy in 2004. Seedlings was been growth and development till flowering. After fruit setting, We investigated characteristics of growth and fruit including mating compatibility from 2010 to 2012, then finally selected '03-2-95' named 'Tinkerbell' in 2012, registered as new variety on Korea Seed & Variety Service in 2015. The full bloom stage of 'Tinkerbell' was later 2 days then of 'Maypole'. Tree habit of 'Tinkerbell' was alike to of 'Maypole', for example weak tree vigor, columnar type. But there were many different characteristics between 'Tinkerbell' and 'Maypole'. Fruit shape of 'Tinkerbell' was ovoid whereas of 'Maypole' was ellipsoid. Fruit of 'Tinkerbell' was bigger, smoother skin, no waxy bloom than of 'Maypole'. Fruit of 'Tinkerbell' was more delicious than of 'Maypole' because of having higher soluble sugar content and lower titratable acidity. 'Tinkerbell' was excellent pollinator in apple orchard. Because of having high fruit setting rate with major apple varieties and a narrow tree width that was advantageous as pollinator in apple high density system.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2018

용과(Hylocereus undatus)는 멕시코 및 과태말라가 원산지이며 아열대 및 열대지역에서 재배되고 있으며 아시아는 베트남 타이완 중국 일본 등 국가에서 재배하고 있다. 가지에 열매가 있는 모습이 용이 여의주를 물고 있는 형과 닮았다하여 붙여진 이름이다. 지구온난화로 인한 기온상승으로 전남지역 재배에 적합한 대체 열대 및 아열대과수 개발이 필요하다. 용과는 열대과수 중 비교적 낮은 온도($10^{\circ}C$이상) 조건에서 재배 가능하여 남부지역에서 시설내 가온재배하고 있다. 국내 시설재배 중 문제점은 용과는 밤에 꽃을 피기 때문에 밤에 활동하는 매개곤충이 없어서 인공수분으로 수분문제를 해결해야한다. 인공수분의 한계시간과 수분할 경우 과실비대에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 인공수분 시간을 개화 1시간 이내, 4~5시, 11~12시 및 무 처리(방임)로 처리하였다. 개화시기는 1차 7월 13일, 2차 8월 8일, 3차 8월 26일로 3회에 걸쳐 개화가 이루어졌으며 이시기의 화분량는 4~5시가 0.68g, 11~12시 0.47g로 1시간 이내 0.16g보다 많았고 과실비대에서 1과중은 개화11~12시가 421g, 4~5시 400g, 1시간 이내가 377g으로 처리 간에 차이는 없었지만 무처리는 185g으로 처리구와 192~236g의 유의차가 있었다. 용과의 인공수분한계시간은 다음날 아침 7시(개화 11~12시)까지 인공수분 할 경우 정상적인 착과가 이루어졌으며 과실비대를 위해서 인공수분은 필수적으로 실시해야 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-123
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• 1996

The position effects on the abortion of flowers, fruits, and ovules were examined in relation to the resource limitation hypothesis using a temperate legume species, Vicia cracca. Fifty plants were randomly sampled from a natural population located at the Belmont Conservation Site in Belmont, MA, USA. Due to indeterminant growth and acropetal flowering of this species, the position of flower or fruit on the plant was able to be coded by the combination of architectural levels such as plant half (lower and upper half) and inflorescence half (lower and upper half) within each plant half. Overall, only 17.3% of the flowers on an inflorescence began to develop into fruits, while overall 36.0% of the fruits initiated failed to mature. Consequently, 11.5% of the flowers successfully matured into fruits. The mean flower number per inflorescence differed significantly among plants as well as between plant halves. Although the probability of fruit initiation was higher in the lower halves of both plant and inflorescence than in the upper halves of the latter, fruit abortion rate differed significantly only between plant halves. The overall mean seed set was 33.6%, implying that about two out of six ovules in a fruit matured into seeds. The seed set was independent of both plant identity and architectural level unlike other reproductive characters examined. When the ovule developmental stage was examined on data pooled over all fruits, the proportion of ovules in varying developmental stages decreased in order of early abortion, seed maturation, late abortion, and seed predation (48.4, 34.9, 12.2, and 4.5%, respectively). A within-fruit ovule position was also used as a class variable for the analysis of position effects on ovule development. All architectural levels considered exerted singificant influence over the ovule development. In particular, ovule development was strongly affected by the within-fruit ovule position. Ovules in both extreme ends within a fruit tended to abort early, while those in the middle position were more likely to mature into seeds. The strong position effects detected from the flowering to seed maturation stage were interpreted as an indication of competitive interaction among reproductive characters which are largely constrained by plant architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.120-129
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• 2004

This study was carried out to develop new varieties with early maturing and large fruit size in the Korean native dogwood (Cornus kousa) for woody landscape plants from native sites or cultivated area. The results are obtained as follows; We selected strains with early maturing and large fruit. size from the habitats from 2000 to 2003. ‘SKK 2-1’ had 4.0cm of fruit size while 2.0 cm of native variety. In addition, ‘SKK 2-2’, ‘SKK 2-3’, ‘SKK 2-4’, and ‘SKK 2-5’ with large fruit and early maturing were preliminary selected from the habitats. In the preliminary selections, ‘SKK 2-1’ was finally selected as new early maturing variety with large fruits in 2003. New early maturing variety with large fruit size, C. kousa var. ‘SKK 2-1’ was selected from 200 plants of 5-year-old seedlings in C. kousa in 5-12 Nung wean ri Goo sung myun Yong In, Kyung gi do, Korea in 2000. Their fruits were colorized in September 18, 20∼25 days earlier than October 7 of native varieties. Its fruit diameter is larger than 4cm. Its fruit weight was 5 times as heavy as native cultivars grown in Korea. This useful characters were still inherited after grafting. However, characteristics of growth, leaf, flower, and flowering period were not different from those of native varieties. Therefore, it was very promising landscape woody plant, having large fruits in early fall season. The rooting rate of Korean dogwood was high by the IBA treatment. The optimum date for softwood cutting was on June 25 ∼ July 25 when the rooting rate was more than 80%. In addition. Korean dogwood was easily propagated by grafting. Therefore, new early maturing variety with large fruits, C. kousa var. ‘SKK 2-1’ is easily propagated by softwood cutting or grafting and then is a promising cultivar as a woody landscape plant.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the effects of the number of air exchanges (NAE) on shape fruit body in two oyster mushrooms, Chunchu 2# and Suhan 2#. The suitable NAEs of Chunchu 2# were $1/10h^{-1}$ at primordial induction, $1/6h^{-1}$ at early stage of growth, $1/4h^{-1}$ at middle stage of growth, $1/4h^{-1}$ at late stage of growth and those of Suhan 2# were $1/6h^{-1}$ at primordial induction, $1/6h^{-1}$ at early stage of growth, $1/4h^{-1}$ at middle stage of growth, and $1/2h^{-1}$ at late stage of growth. In those conditions, the fruit bodies grew well. $CO_2$ concentration hardly affected the primordial formation of both mushrooms. However there were ventilation disturbances over 1500ppm. For instance, the end of pileus rolled up etc. As a result, Suhan 2# required higher ventilation compared with Chunchu 2# and the lower NAE was favorable for growth.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2014

To investigate the optimal size of fruit bearing branches (FBBs) of 'Kawanakajima Hakuto' peach (Prunus persica Batsch) for production of high quality fruits, we evaluated shoot growth and fruit characteristics relative to FBB direction and thickness. FBB diameter, shoot length, fruit weight, and soluble solids content (SSC) averaged 6.9 mm, 32.6 cm, 333.6 g, and $11.2^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. Coefficients of variation of FBB diameter and shoot length were high as 35.8% and 75.3%. The highest frequency values revealed that 76.4% of FBBs had a diameter below 9.0 mm, 70.0% of shoot lengths were less than 40 cm, 24.8% of fruits were 310-340 g, and 66.9% of SSCs were $10.5-12.5^{\circ}Brix$. Shoot length and SSC were significantly affected by FBB diameter without direction, and fruit weight was significantly affected by interaction of FBB diameter and direction. There was a negative correlation ($r^2=0.094^*$) of FBB diameter and fruit weight with upward FBB directions, whereas FBB diameter and fruit weight were positively correlated ($r^2=0.246^{**}$) with downward FBB direction. With thick FBB diameter, shoot length, and SSC were significantly increased, but fruit weight was decreased. Therefore, downward FBBs below 9.0 mm in thickness are suitable for producing high-quality fruits of 'Kawanakajima Hakuto' peach.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2009

The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of the gibberellin treatment on fruit enlargement and ripening promotion in 'Niitaka' pear(Pyms pynfolia). Fruit weight was similar between $GA_{4+7}$ treatments and the gibberellin-paste control, but fairly increased of fruit weight compared to non-treatment Most effective time for $GA_{4+7}$ treatment to increase diameter and length was on 35 and 40 days after full bloom, respectively. Shape index was similar in all treatments. Fruit enlargement at the period of early growth, $GA_{4+7}$ 2.4% treatment was remarkably effective than $GA_{3}+GA_{4+7}$ 2.7% treatment or non-treatment However at the period of maturity, $GA_{4+7}$ 2.4% treatment and $GA_{3}+GA_{4+7}$ 2.7% treatment showed little differences in fruit enlargement and coloring. In maturing promotion effect, young fruit treated with $GA_{3}+GA_{4+7}$ showed similar fruit coloring to ethephon treatment on 35 days after full bloom, and both of those treatments promoted fruit coloring than non- treatment about 6 days. $GA_{3}+GA_{4+7}$ treatments resulted higher solid content and decreased acidity than non-treatment However, there was no differences in fruit hardness comparing to non-treatment As a result, gibberellin was most effective in fruit enlargement, so as all $GA_{3}+GA_{4+7}$ treatments were more effective on fruit enlargement than ethephon treatment or non-treatment Specifically, when $GA_{3}+GA_{4+7}$ was treated 35days after full bloom of flower, the diameter, the length and the shape of fruit index were best, and fruit coloring was good as well.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.517-526
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• 2023

The harvest time of the late-ripening 'Fuji' apple (Malus × domestica) is variable, depending on the coloration of the fruit skin. Ethephon, a plant growth regulator, promotes the ethylene production and induces physiological responses associated with fruit maturation in climacteric fruit crops, such as apples. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ethephon treatment on fruit characteristics after fruit enlargement, with the objective of proposing an economical and stable harvest control method for 'Fuji'/M.26 apples. Fruit characteristics were assessed at 10-days intervals following the application of 100 mg/L ethephon and mixture of 100 mg/L ethephon and 0.5% CaCl₂ at 145 days after full bloom (DAFB). Starch contents of ethephon-treated (ET) and ethephon with CaCl₂-treated (EC) apples began to decrease from 155 DAFB, and the starch contents of ET and EC at 10 days before harvest were similar to those of control at harvest time. Red coloration of fruit skin in EC was lower compared to ET but higher than control. The average fruit firmness was low in ET, while the control and EC exhibited similar levels of firmness. Fruit sugar acid ratios did not show significant differences between treatments. However, the titratable acidity of EC was significantly lower than that of the control at 10 days before harvest. Moreover, fruit sugar acid ratio of ET and EC at 10 days before harvest in 2021 was similar to their sugar acid ratio at harvest time. Therefore, it was thought that fruit maturation and skin coloration could be accelerated by 10 days from the harvest time through the combined treatment of 100 mg/L ethephon and 0.5% CaCl₂ at the end of fruit enlargement in 'Fuji'/M.26.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2015

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has been destructive during pepper fruit production in outdoor fields in Korea. In vitro antifungal activities of 15 different plant essential oils or its components were evaluated during conidial germination and mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides. In vitro conidial germination was most drastically inhibited by vapour treatments with carvacrol, cinnamon oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral, p-cymene and linalool. Inhibition of the mycelial growth by indirect vapour treatment with essential oils was also demonstrated compared with untreated control. Carvacrol, cinnamon oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral and eugenol were among the most inhibitory plant essential oils by the indirect antifungal efficacies. Plant protection efficacies of the plant essential oils were demonstrated by reduced lesion diameter on the C. gloeosporioides-inoculated immature green pepper fruits compared to the inoculated control fruits without any plant essential oil treatment. In planta test showed that all plant essential oils tested in this study demonstrated plant protection efficacies against pepper fruit anthracnose with similar levels. Thus, application of different plant essential oils can be used for ecofriendly disease management of anthracnose during pepper fruit production.