• Title/Summary/Keyword: fruit characteristics

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A study on the Laws and Regulations of the Medical and Pharmaceutical System in Korea from the Modern Period to the Early Days of the Republic - Focusing on the Establishment of the Dualistic Medical and Pharmaceutical System - (근대부터 건국 초기까지의 의약체계 법령 고찰 - 이원적 의약체계 정립을 중심으로 -)

  • Eom, Seok-Ki;Kang, Bong-Seok;Kwon, Soon-Jo
    • The Journal of Korean Medical History
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.9-21
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    • 2013
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the history and characteristics of laws and regulations of the medical and pharmaceutical system in Korea-focusing on the Korean (Oriental) medical and pharmaceutical system-from the modern period to the early days of the Republic. We reviewed how traditional notions and categories of Oriental medicine, which were regarded as experiential and conventional, became part of the current dualistic medical and pharmaceutical system, and examined problems and effects during the course of positioning. Methods : We classified the development of the medical and pharmaceutical laws and regulations chronologically, from the Korean Empire to the beginning of the Republic. The abolishment of the traditional medical system that was based on laws and regulations of the Joseon Dynasty, the implementation of dualistic medical system in the Korean Empire, the attempt to demolish Korean (Oriental) medicine under the Japanese colonial rule, and the process of developing a statute-based continental law system were thoroughly reviewed. Results : Although the dualistic medical system was specified in legislation via the enactment of the National Medical Services Law in 1951, we found that it was actually enacted in 1963, when the laws and systems regarding the educational institution of Korean (Oriental) medicine were stably established. Moreover, the dualistic pharmaceutical system was specified in legislation through the partial amendment of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act in 1994, but we concluded that the actual enactment was rather in 2000, when the first Korean (Oriental) pharmacist was produced. Discussions and conclusions : An effort to establish a dualistic medical system of Korean (Oriental) medicine and Western medicine during the Korean Empire bore fruit a few decades later, after the Republic of Korea was founded. It means the basis for the legal system finally took shape in spite of the numerous attempts during the Japanese colonial era and the beginning of the Republic to abolish Korean (Oriental) medical and pharmaceutical system.

Growth characteristics and productivity of oyster mushroom according to adding of Salvia miltiorrhiza (단삼 첨가에 따른 느타리버섯의 생육 특성 및 수량성)

  • Lee, Chan-Jung;Moon, Ji-Won;Yoo, Young-Mi;Han, Ju-Yeon;Cheong, Jong-Chun;Kong, Won-Sik;Kim, Young Guk;Yoo, Young-Jin
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.262-265
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    • 2015
  • This study was carried out to investigated optimum mixing ratio of Korean cultivation Salvia miltiorrhiza for production of functional oyster mushroom. Mycerial growth was slow at addition of Salvia miltiorrhiza, and significant difference by increase of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Yields of fruiting body show the highest to 139.5 g/850 ml of medium which are addition 5 g/bottle of Salvia miltiorrhiza but rapid decrease by increase of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Diameter of pileus and thick of stipes were higher at addition Salvia miltiorrhiza than those of the controls. Thick of pileus and length of stipes were the highest at addition 30g, and 20 g and 30 g of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The L value of stipes were the highest at addition 20 g and 50 g of Salvia miltiorrhiza and the L value of pileus were the highest at addition 30 g of Salvia miltiorrhiza, but there was no significant difference in the a-value and the b-value.

Comparison of Soil Physico-chemical and Microbial Characteristics in Soil of 'Niitaka' Pear Orchards between Organic and Conventional Cultivations (유기농법과 관행농법에 의해 재배한 '신고'배 과원 토양의 물리화학적 및 미생물학적 특성 비교)

  • Choi, Hyun-Sug;Li, Xiong;Kim, Wol-Soo;Lee, Youn;Jee, Hyeong-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.229-243
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    • 2011
  • Consumers' interest and government's support for the fruits rapidly increased organic fruit productions. This study was examined to compare the soil physicochemical and microbial properties of orchards soil in conventionally and organically management systems. Organic cultivation had lower soil bulk density, solid phase, and penetration resistance than the conventional cultivation. Soil pH and organic matter contents increased from March to August, and the values were greater in the organic cultivation than the conventional cultivation. Total nitrogen (N) and phosphorous concentrations decreased from March to August, and the organic soils had greater N but lower phosphorous concentrations than the conventional soils. Soil microbial carbon biomass increased 36% and 15% for organic and conventional cultivations, respectively, from March to August. Soil microbial N biomass was greater in June than March or August, and the organic cultivation had a greater biomass N compared to the conventional cultivation. Soil dehydrogenase and chitinase activities were greater in June than in March or August. ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity declined in both cultivations, while the phosphatase activity increased. Organic cultivation had greater enzyme activities in March, June, and August, except for the acid phosphatase activity in June.

Manufacture of Processed Foods and its Quality Characteristics from Kumquats, a Citrus Variety Produced in Cheju (금감 가공식품(加工食品)의 제조(製造)와 품질특성(品質特性))

  • Koh, Jeong-San;Kim, Chan-Shick;Ko, Myung-Soo;Yang, Young-Tack
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 1993
  • In order to utilize Kumquats as a processed products, a Citrus varieties produced in Cheju island, physicochemical properties of Kumquats, sensory evaluation of frozen Kumquats, sensory evaluation and texture parameter of Kumquats processed foods were investigated. Fruit size, weight, peel ratio, peel thickness, and Brix/acid ratio of Youngpa Kumquats cultivated in green house were 29.5 mm, 16.10g, 4.63 mm and 20.0 respectively, and it was suitable for as raw-eating and processing materials. Kumquats juice consisted of 58.27% citric acid, 32.49% malic acid, 9.14% tartaric acid and 0.08% maleic acid of total organic acids. Organic acid contents of Kumquats juice was very different from Citrus unshiu juice in malic acid content. Sensory evaluation on frozen Kumquats stored at $-18^{\circ}C$ for 6 month was good for appearance, taste and texture as summer commodity. Vitamin C content of frozen Kumquats was 74.94 mg/100g, and its content was decreased slightly during fronzen storage. Hardness on Kumquats jam was lowered from 1,294 to 355 g-force as the ratio of Kumquats juice content was increased, but the changes of other texture parameter were not so large. Kumquats jam contained $40{\sim}60%$ orange juice was evaluated as superior to orange jam for panelists.

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Profile of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Among Employees at a Saudi University

  • Amin, Tarek Tawfik;Al Sultan, Ali Ibrahim;Mostafa, Ola Abdelmoniem;Darwish, Amr Ahmed;Al-Naboli, Mohamed Rashad
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.18
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    • pp.7897-7907
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    • 2014
  • Background: There is paucity of studies defining the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in Saudi Arabia despite the surging epidemic of obesity, change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of NCDs risk factors among employees at King Faisal University in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to determine the possible correlates for clustering of NCDs risk factors among them. Materials and Methods: All employees were invited to participate; the World Health Organization STEPwise approach was used for data collection which consisted of a personal interview to collect socio-demographic characteristics, NCD history, tobacco use, vegetables and fruit consumption, and physical activity (PA), followed by anthropometric measurements namely weight, height and waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, subjects were finally subjected to biochemical tests with determination of fasting plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. Results: Of the surveyed employees (n=691), daily current smokers accounted for 22.7%. 94.9%, 95.1% and 86% consumed < 5 servings per day of vegetables, fruits and both fruits and vegetables respectively, 73% were physically inactive, 64% were overweight or obese, 22.1% had hypertension, and 21.5% were diabetics. Elevated cholesterol levels were found in 36.6%, low high density lipoproteins in 36.8%, and elevated triglycerides in 36.1%. Only 3% had no NCD risk factors, and 57.6% had ${\geq}3$ factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender (being male, adjusted odds ratio 'aOR'=1.51), aged ${\geq}50$ years (aOR=3.06), < college education (aOR=1.75), current smokers (aOR=2.37), being obese (aOR=6.96) and having a low PA level (aOR=4.59) were the significant positive predictors for clustering of NCD risk factors. Conclusions: Over fifty percent of the studied university's employees had multiple (${\geq}3$) NCD risk factors. Screening and health promotion initiatives should be launched at least targeting the modifiable factors to avert the excessive risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and several types of cancers.

Using morphometrics to unravel species relationships and delimitations in Sorbus pohuashanensis in the Korean peninsula (한반도내 당마가목의 실체와 근연종과의 관계-전형질분석을 중심으로)

  • Park, Soo-Kyung;Gil, Hee-Young;Kim, Hui;Chang, Chin-Sung
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.300-311
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    • 2013
  • Subalpine species, Sorbus pohuashanensis in the Korean peninsula, which is assumed to be evolved from hybridization between S. commixta and an unknown species based on the flavonoids data. Morphometric analysis was conducted on the basis of 19 leaf and flower (or fruit) characters. A total of 721 samples in 13 populations of Sorbus pohuashanensis and S. commixta from Korea and additional specimens of S. commixta, S. pohuashanensis, and S. wilsoniana from Japan and China were examined to reveal the hybridization patterns and morphological differences. We found a preliminary evidence where Korean mountain rowan is more related to a Chinese inland taxon, S. wilsoniana, rather than Northeastern Chinese S. pohuashanensis in terms of flavonoids. The current morphological structure of the Korean mountaion rowan, however, which is more similar to S. commixta, was neither associated with that of S. wilsoniana nor that of S. pohuashanensis. This indicates that this morphological variation represents an intermediate of S. commixta and S. wilsoniana via a more ancient hybridization event in terms of qualitative characters, such as stipules, buds, and carpels. These morphometric differences together with other distinguishing characteristics suggest that the Korean mountain rowan should be considered as a conspecific species of S. commixta, although this demonstration of hybridization with the current phenetic species concept contradicts longstanding historical species concept.

Quality Characteristics of Potato and Sweet Potato Peeled by Different Methods (박피방법에 따른 감자 및 고구마의 초기 품질 비교)

  • Jeong Jin-Woong;Park Kee-Jai;Jeong Seong-Weon;Sung Jung-Min
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.438-444
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to obtain fundamental data such as peeling efficiency and quality of potatoes and sweet potatoes peeled by hand, machine and alkali(NaOH). The weight loss by peeling was influenced by peeling methods. Weight losses by rotational brushing-type peeler showed the lowest value, 7.9% in potato, and 7.3% in sweet potato. Any significant differences in moisture content were not found in potatoes and sweet potatoes by peeling methods. The pH of potatoes and sweet potatoes just after peeling were 5.8-6.8 and 6.23-6.63, and decreased somewhat until 3 hrs after peeling. Hardness of potatoes and sweet potatoes peeled by hand with fruit knife were better than that of others. Depending upon the peeling method used the color and color differences undergo some changes in their color and browning. Color difference value of peeled potatoes by hand with a technical tools, and by mechanical peeler such as rotational cutting-type peeler and rotational brushing-type peeler showed just slightly. In particular, changes of rotor differences value of potatoes and sweet potatoes peeled by dipping with 10% NaOH solution at $100^{\circ}C$ was the highest in the samples peeled by NaOH.

2 Cropping systems using field crops in unheated plastic house at paddy field

  • Shin, Jung-Ho;Moon, Jin-Young;Song, Jae-Ki;Choi, Yong-Jo;Hong, Kwang-Pyo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2017.06a
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    • pp.279-279
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    • 2017
  • In Korea, the single span unheated plastic house cultivated crops from autumn to spring of the following year, removed the plastic film and frame, cultivated rice, set up a plastic house again and cultivated crops. The crops in the greenhouse are utilized mainly for the production of leaf vegetables such as lettuce, leek, and fruit vegetables such as strawberry, watermelon, oriental melon, etc. and raising high income. Because, the production of these crops has characteristics requiring a lot of labor and it is difficult to produce horticultural crops at unheated plastic houses as the rural population ages. Therefore, we conducted a test to develop a crop planting system to cultivate crops in single span unheated plastic houses, although the utilization of labor is less than that of horticultural crops. The prior cropping cultivated three cultivars of sweet potatoes early, the second produced cultivated sweet potatoes, corn and soybeans. In the cultivation of the previous cropping, the sweet potatoes were harvested on the 113th day after planting on March 30th, the yield was 822 kg/10a for Pungwonmi, 1,377 kg/10a for Jinhongmi, 1,483 kg/10a for the Dahomi. Because of differences, the yield of Pungwonmi cultivar was less than that other cultivars and the yield of open field cultivations, we will expect further research. In the cultivation of the succeeding crops sweet potatoes were planted on July 27 and harvested 110 days later and investigated. The product yield of Pungwonmi cultivar was 1,024 kg/10a, and the Jinhongmi, Dahomi cultivars were not at economic level for sale and were necessary to review. In succeeding-crops, corn tested the Ilmichal cultivar, seeded on 27th July, harvested on October 11th. The day of silking was 45 days after sowing, the yield was 1,156 kg/10a, the goods rate was 100% level. The beans in the succeeding cultivation crop were sowed on 27th July, the early maturing of the varieties coming to Hwangeumol and Saeol cultivar, on 17th October, the late maturing soybean Daewonkong cultivar were harvested on October 21st. The yield of early maturing two cultivars was 214 kg/10a, Daewonkong was 257 kg/10a, and 100 seeds weight which were more than the early maturing beans were also heavy. When calculating these incomes price-wise according to the harvest time, we were able to consider the income in the order of corn, sweet potato and soybean from the second term crop. Various studies such as varieties, mulching method, moisture management, control environment management, etc. are considered necessary to develop cropping systems with sweet potato and field crops in future unheated plastic house.

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Blue Mold on Melon (Cucumis melo) Caused by Penicillium oxalicum (Penicillium oxalicum에 의한 멜론 푸른곰팡이병)

  • Wwon, Jin-Hyeuk;Kang, Soo-Woong;Kim, Jung-Soo;Park, Chang-seuk
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.220-223
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    • 2002
  • In April of 2002, fruit rot infected with blue mold was found at maturing stage of melon (Cucumis melo cv. Gayabaegja) growing under tunnel cultivation in Daesan-myon, Haman-gun, Gyeongnam Province, Korea. Floral parts were infected first and colonized by fungal mycelial mats. From the point of infection, fruits become collapsed and mostly ruptured. The pathogenic fungus from infected fruits was isolated. Colony color of the fungus was white on MEA and CYA agar, Conidia were ellipsoid and 2.6~7.4$\times$2.6~5.8 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Stipes were 86~320$\times$2.8~4.3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Metulae were 12.4~31.6$\times$2.6~4.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Phialides were ampulliform to cylindroid, and 8.2~15.4$\times$3.6~4.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Rate of infected fruits in the field was 4.3%. Based on the cultural and mycological characteristics and pathogenecity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Penicillium oxalicum, This is the first report on the blue mold of melon (Cucumis melo) caused by P. oxalicum in Korea.

Characteristics and breeding of 'Yeoreumhyang2ho': a new blackish-brown variety of Flammulina velutipes that is adaptable to high temperature (고온성 흑갈색 팽이버섯 신품종 '여름향2호'의 육성 및 특성)

  • Kim, Min-Ja;Lee, Kwan-Woo;Chang, Who-Bong;Jeon, Jong-Ock;Kim, Ik-Jei
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.192-197
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    • 2018
  • A new blackish-brown variety of Flammulina velutipes, 'Yeoreumhyang2ho,' which was bred by crossing two monokaryons isolated from the 'Heukhyang' and 'Garlmoe' varieties, showed adaptability to high temperature. During bottle cultivation, the temperature was maintained at $16^{\circ}C$ and the variety displayed good productivity compared to the control ('Heukhyang'), without necessitating low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) treatment. The period necessary for mycelial and fruit body growth, and primordia formation was 24 days, 8 days, and 8 days, respectively. The total cultivation period was 40 days, which was 3 days shorter than that of the control. Particularly, primordia formation took 2 days less than the control and showed initial uniformity. The yield of 'Yeoreumhyang2ho' was 154 g per 850 ml bottle, which was 8% higher than the control yield. The ${\beta}-glucan$ content was 67.9 g per 100 g dry weight, which is approximately 1.1-2.2 times the amount of ${\beta}-glucan$ in control, the golden and white mushrooms that are available in the market.