• Title/Summary/Keyword: fruit and seed

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Supercritical $CO_2$ Extraction of Whole Berry Oil from Sea Buckthorn ($Hippopha\ddot{e}$ rhamnoides var. sp) Fruit

  • Xu, Xiang;Gao, Yanxiang;Liu, Guangmin;Zheng, Yuanyuan;Zhao, Jian
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.470-474
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    • 2008
  • The whole berry, pulp, and seed of sea buckthorn fruit were extracted with supercritical $CO_2$ to produce edible oils. The effects of extraction pressure, temperature, and $CO_2$ flow rate on the oil yield and extraction rate were investigated, and the fatty acid composition, tocopherol, and carotenoid contents of the oils were compared. The results showed that the extraction rate was affected by pressure, temperature, and $CO_2$ flow rate and, in general, the yield increased with a rise in any of the 3 variables. Fatty acids in the whole berry and pulp oil were dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (>64%), followed by saturated fatty acids (about 30%). In contrast, fatty acids in the seed oil consisted mainly of polyunsaturated (>60%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (>24%). The seed oil had a slightly higher content of tocopherols, but a much lower content of carotenoids, compared with the whole berry or pulp oil.

The Comparative Study on Zanthoxylum Peel's Impurity Tolerance Based on Pharmacopoeia by Countries (산초(山椒)의 이물허용치에 대한 각국의 약전 비교연구)

  • Park, Su-Jin;Kim, In-Rak
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.45-54
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    • 2010
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to determine the impurity tolerance of Zanthoxylum Peel. Methods : Compare with medicinal Herb Books and the Pharmacopoeia of 6 nations. Results : Current Pharmacopoeia show different Zanthoxylum Peel's Purity, such as 2.0% of seeds and fruit stalk, etc. in North Korea, 2% of seeds in Vietnam, totally 3% in China. On the other hand, Korea and Japan set the total number 26.0% including the specific numbers such as 20.0% of seeds, 5.0% of fruit stalk, 1.0% of the other foreign matter. This Zanthoxylum Peel's Purity, 26.0%, is too high compared to that of other medical matters specified by The Korean Pharmacopoeia Ninth Edition. When The Japanese Pharmacopoeia Sixth Edition firstly set the Zanthoxylum Peel's Purity, the herbal name was Fructus. However, since the part for medical usage in origin is well-ripen pericarp, not seed, the permissible level, 30.0%, is supposed to be simple error range, 3.0%. Conclusions : As a result, I think bills concerning the Zanthoxylum Peel's Purity should be revised to the total number 3.0% or specifically set the level 2.0% of seeds, 1.0% of fruit stalk, twig and so on.

Fruit Yield and Quality Evaluation of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) F1 Hybrids Derived from Inbred Lines

  • Shrestha, Surendra Lal;Luitel, Binod Prasad;Lee, Taek Jong;Kang, Won Hee
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.344-350
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    • 2010
  • Sweet pepper inbred lines (KNU1003, KNU1006, KNU1007, KNU1009, KNU1015, KNU1017 and KNU2006) developed at Kangwon National University (KNU) through conventional means, inbred lines (5AVS1, 5AVS2, 5AVS3, 5AVS5, 5AVS7 and 5AVS8) collected at Rural Development Administration (RDA) and inbred lines (SP12, SP27 and SP14) derived from anther culture were used as female parents and anther culture derived homozygous lines (SP9, SP10, SP14, SP24, SP25, SP27, SP30, SP32, SP34, SP38, SP43, SP45 and SP51) were used as male parents to produce $F_1$ hybrids. A total of 37 $F_1$ hybrids were evaluated for fruit yield and quality characters in summer season, 2007. Variation in fruit number, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and fruit volume was observed among the $F_1$ hybrids. Superiority on yield over standard/commercial varieties were differed among $F_1$ hybrids. Hybrid $5AVS8{\times}SP45$ exhibited highest heterosis over Special (16.5%) and Fiesta (24.7%). Fruit quality characters (fruit length, fruit width, pericarp thickness, total soluble solid, fruit shape and fruit color) were varied among the $F_1$ hybrids. Fruit number, fruit weight and fruit volume per plant were correlated with fruit yield. Based on the standard heterosis expressed by the hybrids and quality characters evaluation, $KNU1017{\times}SP27$, $5AVS1{\times}SP43$, $5AVS5{\times}SP27$, $5AVS8{\times}SP45$, $SP12{\times}SP38$ and $SP27{\times}SP25$ hybrids were found to be superior over commercial cultivars and are selected. Inbred lines of these hybrid combinations can be used to produce $F_1$ hybrid seed for commercial production.

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Physiology of Germinating Punax ginseng Seed (식물 생장조절제가 인삼 (Punax ginseng) 종자의 발아생리에 미치는 영향)

  • Eung-Ryong Son;Won-Mok Park;C. Pertzsch
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.99-106
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    • 1979
  • The undehiscent ginseng seed did not germinate, even if the seeds were treated with GA_3, kinetin or IAA. Only GA_3 stimulated germination of dehiscent ginseng seed. The physiological roles of gibberellic acid on stimulation of the seed germination were enhancing production of soluble carbohydrate and sucrose. Then gibberellic acid stimulated biosynthesis of insoluble cellural materials and amino acids from sugars and incorporation of amino acids into protein. The fruit coat of ginseng seed did not impede water imbibition, but did function as water absorbor and reservoir.

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Interrelationships and Path Coefficients of Pericarp Characters in Red Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) (고추 과육중(果肉重) 구성형질(構成形質)의 상관(相關)과 경로계수분석(經路係數分析))

  • Kim, Yang Choon;Park, Gyu Hwan;Choi, Soon Ho
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • v.2
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    • pp.9-14
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    • 1984
  • This study was performed to obtain the effective selection informations for improvement of quality and increase of yield in red pepper. The eight parents and twenty eight crosses from partial diallel were used as materials for estimation of correlations among the pericarp characters, viz, fruit length, fruit width, pericarp thickness (fresh and dry) and pericarp weight (fresh and dry), between pericarp weight and seed weight and between pericarp weight and the percent of seed weight/pericarp weight and path coefficients on fresh and dry pericarp weight. Results were as follows. In $F_1s$, fresh and dry pericarp weight had positive correlations with fruit length, fruit width, and pericarp thickness. Fresh pericarp weight was also positively correlated with dry pericarp weight. Dry pericarp thickness had a negative correlation with fruit length but had positive correlations with fruit width and fresh pericarp thickness. Fresh pericarp thickness had a positive correlation with fruit width. Significantly positive correlations between $F_1s$ and mid-parents were observed in pericarp characters. Pericarp weight had a positive correlation with seed weight but had a negative correlation with the percent of seed weight/pericarp weight. In path coefficient analysis, it was found that fruit length, fruit width and pericarp thickness had direct effects on fresh and dry pericarp weight and that fruit length had the largest direct effect in $F_1s$.

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Changes in Growth and Quality of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) and in Soil Nitrogen Forms due to Organic Fertilizer Application

  • Park, Yang Ho;Seo, Beom Seok
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.1009-1016
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of organic fertilizers on soil properties and growth and quality of melon. Organic fertilizer was applied in soil at the rate of 0, 0.5, 1, 2N according to Rural Development Administration guideline in Korea. The fertilizer had no effects on plant growth-rate parameters, including plant height, leaf number, and leaf size. There were minor effects on the fruit quality parameters such as fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, placenta and seed weights, sugar content, and starch content. Ascorbic acid level was decreased as fertilizer level was increased. The level of nitrate in groundwater increased with increased levels of N.

Fruit Set and Fruit Characteristics of Highbush Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum cvs. Bluecrop, Coville, and Northland) in an Open Field and a Rain Shelter

  • Kim, Su Jin;Kim, Jin Gook;Ryou, Myung Sang;Park, Kyo-Sun;Kim, Hong-Lim
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.701-706
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    • 2014
  • Three highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum cvs. Bluecrop, Coville, and Northland) grown in an open field and in a rain shelter were compared to evaluate the potential benefits of rain-sheltering systems on growth and fruit quality. Shrubs grown in rain shelter flowered 5-14 days earlier and were in full bloom earlier than those in the open field. All three cultivars set fruit by nearly 90% of flowers when they were grown in the open field, but was markedly reduced when they were grown in the rain shelter, to approximately 50% for 'Bluecrop' and 'Coville'. Fruit sets ratio of 'Northland' grown in the in the rain shelter was 14.5. Fruit from greenhouse-grown 'Northland' were larger, heavier, and had more seeds per berry. Soluble sugar content (SSC) of fruits varied both with the cultivars and growing conditions. SSC of fruits grown in the greenhouse was higher in 'Bluecrop' compared to that grown in the field, but this pattern was reversed in 'Northland'. Titratable acid was significantly higher in fruits from rain shelter-grown shrubs of both 'Bluecrop' and 'Northland' than in fruits from open field-grown shrubs (P < 0.05), although there was no difference in TA with respect to growing conditions for 'Coville'. The number of seed per fruit, fruit length and diameter, weight, SSC, and TA were similar in 'Coville' shrubs grown in the open field and the rain shelter. Fruit firmness of 'Bluecrop', 'Coville', and 'Northland' was higher in the rain shelter than in the open field. 'Coville' and 'Northland' fruits harvested in the open field had higher blue chroma than those harvested in the rain shelter. However, this pattern was reversed for 'Bluecrop'. On the whole, sheltering from rain affected most fruit characteristics of the three cultivars differently. Therefore, suitable blueberry cultivars for the rain shelter should be chosen by purpose.

The Development of Natural Pigment with Mulberry Fruit as a Food Additive (뽕나무 오디를 이용한 cyanidin-3-glucoside 함유 천연식용색소 개발)

  • Kim, Hyun-Bok;Kim, Sun-Lim;Koh, Seong-Hyouk;Seok, Young-Seek;Kim, Yong-Soon;Sung, Gyoo-Byung;Kang, Pil-Don
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.56 no.1
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    • pp.18-22
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    • 2011
  • Study on extraction and color characteristics of mulberry fruit pigment(C3G; cyanidin-3-glucoside) was performed to increase utilization as new source of natural food colorant. C3G was extracted with 0.1 % citric acid-70% EtOH. Then it was evaporated with large scale evaporation system. After adding dextrin to C3G concentration materials, we made pigment powder with freezing dryer.

Screening Test on the Components of the Genus Zizyphus in Korea (국산 Zizyphus 속 식물의 성분검색)

  • Yook, Chang-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.27-29
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    • 1972
  • Zizyphus jujuba, Z. jujuba var. inermis, and Z. jujuba for. hoonensis were cultured in korea. Zizyphus seeds are used for insomnia, sedation and sleeping-dropsy in many oriental medical prescriptions. Three Zizyphus species in Korea were investigated for their chemical composition. The components in methanol extracts of the fruit and seed were separated by TLC, PPC and were identified with known compounds. Sucrose, galactose, glucose, fructose and ${\beta}-sitosterol$ were isolated from the fruit of Zizyphus jujuba for. hoonensis.

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Amygdalin Contents in Peaches at Different Fruit Development Stages

  • Lee, Suk-Hee;Oh, Angela;Shin, Seo-Hee;Kim, Ha-Na;Kang, Woo-Won;Chung, Shin-Kyo
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.237-240
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    • 2017
  • Amygdalin contents of the seeds, endocarps, and mesocarps from three peach cultivars (i.e., Stone Peach, Hikawa Hakuho, and Bakhyang) were measured at three stages of fruit development (stone-hardening, fruit enlargement, and ripening). The peach samples were dried and defatted with a Soxhlet apparatus, reflux extracted with methanol, and analyzed using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. During all fruit development stages, the amygdalin contents in the seeds were higher than those in the endocarps and mesocarps. The amygdalin contents of the Stone Peach were comparatively higher than the Hikawa Hakuho and Bakhyang (P<0.05). Further, the amygdalin contents during ripening were very low or not detected. Overall, the amygdalin contents of the three peach cultivar samples (seed, endocarp, and mesocarp) increased until the fruit enlargement stage and either remained constant or decreased during ripening.