• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2000

본 연구는 소 수정란의 동결에 있어서 완만 및 급속동결과 vitrification동결 후의 생존성을 비교하고 이울러, 내동제의 종류 및 배 발달단계가 vitrification동결 보존 후의 발생율을 조사하고자 수행 하였다. 1. 소 수정란의 vitrification 동결보존 후의 발생율과 부화율은 67.5%와 27.5%로서 급속동결 및 완만동결 운해 후의 발생율과 부화율 42.5% 와 20.0% 및 52.5%와 25.0%에 비해 높게 나타났으나 대조군(82.5%, 37.5%)에 비해서 낮게 나타났다. 2. EFS와 EDS내동제의 처리에 따른 소 수정란의 vitrification 동결보존 후의 발생율과 부화율은 47.5%와 22.5% 및 52.5%와 27.5%로서 대조군의 82.5%와 37.5%에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 3. 소 수정란의 2 cell, 8 cell, morulae, blastocyst stage별 vitrification 동결보존 후의 발생율과 부화율은 25.0%와 15.0%, 32.5%와 20.0%, 37.5%와 20.0%, 52.5%와 27.5% 및 47.5%와 25.0%로서 대조군(82.5%와 37.5%)에 비해 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.287-292
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of concentration and kinds of cryoprotectants, equilibraction time, thawing temperature and time, sucrose concentration on the survival rates of frozen bovine demi-embryos. The bovine demi-embryos following dehydration by cryoprotectants a various concentration of sucrose were freezed by cell freezer and thawed in 3$0^{\circ}C$ water bath. Survival and in vitro developmental rates was defined as development rates on in vitro culture or FDA-test. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The high survival rates of demi-embryos after frozen-thawing in freezing medium was attained 2.0M glycerol. The high survival rates of demi-embryos after frozen-thawing in freezing medium was obtained using single cryoprotectant(25.0~30.0%) than mixed cryoprotectants(16.7~19.0%). 2. The survival rates of demi-embryos after frozen-thawing in freezing medium added 1.5M, 2.0M glycerol＋0.25M sucrose(37.5~33.3%) were higher survival rates than those of sucrose concentration of 0.50, 0.75M(12.5~26.7%). 3. The equilibration time on the survival rates of demi-embryos was attained after short period of time(30.0~35.0%) in the freezing medium higher than long period of time(21.1%). 4. The thawing temperature on the survival rates of demi-embryos was attained at 3$0^{\circ}C$ of thawing temperature(26.7~40.0%) higher than $25^{\circ}C$ or 37$^{\circ}C$ of thawing temperature(13.3~20.0%). 5. The thawing time on the survival rates of demi-embryos was attained at 1~5 minutes of thawing time(26.7~33.3%) in the freezing medium higher than 10 minutes of thawing time(13.3~18.8%).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2003

반죽을 중종법으로 제조하여 1차발효 후 냉동생지 제조시 비타민 C의 양을 다르게 첨가하여 효모의 생균수, 제품의 부피, 비용적, 조직감 및 관능검사 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 효모의 생균수는 비타민 C를 100 ppm 첨가한 것에서 높은 생존율을 나타냈다. 비용적과 부피에서는 비타민 C를 150 ppm 첨가한 것에서 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 제품의 조직감에 미치는 영향은 비타민 C의 첨가량이 많을수록 높은 값을 모여 첨가량이 많을수록 부드럽지 못함을 나타냈다. 관능검사에서는 비타민 C를 100 ppm 첨가한 것이 높은 점수를 얻었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2005

활성글루텐을 0, 2, 4% 첨가하여 제조한 냉동생지를 8주간 냉동보존하면서 1주 단위로 생지의 효모균수와 냉동생지를 해동 발효 굽기로 제품을 제조하였다. 냉동자당기간에 따른 생지의 효모 생존율과 제품의 비용적, 부피, 조직감, 관능검사 등을 분석하였다. 생지의 효모균수은 냉동저장기간이 경과하여도 활성글루텐 4% 첨가한 생지에서 저장 8주에 $4.4{\times}10^{6}\;cfu/g$로 가장 높게 검출되었다. 제품의 비용적과 부피는 활성글루텐을 4% 첨가한 냉동생지가 컸고, 조직감은 저장 4주까지는 활성글루텐을 첨가하지 않은 냉동생지가 더 부드러웠으며, 관능검사는 활성글루텐 4% 첨가한 냉동생지가 높은 점수를 얻어 1차 발효 후 냉동생지 제조에 활성글루텐 4% 첨가가 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2009

This study was to investigate pregnancy rate of IVM/IVF/IVC Korean cattle (registered in government) embryos according to transport time course. For the production of embryos, oocytes recovered from slaughtered excellent grade cow and highly motile frozen-thawed bull semen (purchased from LIMC, KPN#497) was used. In vitro produced embryos were cultured in CR1aa medium for 8 days and some of them were frozen. The rate of average cleavage (>2-cell) was 83.0% (308/371) and blastocyst rate at day 8 was 34.7% (107/308). Among in vitro produced blastocyst embryos at day 8, most healthy embryos were freshly transferred on production day and some frozen embryos were direct transferred on appropriate day. These embryos were produced in a laboratory, embryo transfer (ET) was planned in 10 areas of the remote island (Jeju) from the laboratory by airplane. Thus, we examined the pregnancy rate in recipient cow according to embryo of transport time course before ET. From embryo transferred 44 recipient cows, overall pregnancy was 40.9% (18/44), these 18 cows were all calved [single, 94% (17/18); twin, 6% (1/18)] and total embryo implantation rate was 26% (19/66). Comparing transport time in the base of 6 hr, pregnancy rate in ET group required less 4 hr (60%, 9/15) was significantly higher than that required more 6 hr (26.3%, 5/19). In direct ET of freezing embryos, the pregnancy rate was 40% (4/10). However, it was difficult to find the meaning of temperature, pH and corpus luteum quality of recipients on comparison of pregnancy rate. When the cell death level of embryos according to storage time in thermos (straw container) before ET was measured by TUNEL staining, apoptotic index was increased with storage time-dependent. These results demonstrated that long distance transfer of IVM/IVF/IVC embryos is possible and the time of embryo transport is very important for the pregnancy rate on field trial.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of slow freezing with that of vitrification method for the cryopreservation of human embryos. Human embryos were derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and the mixed solution of propanedial (1.5, 1.0, 0.5M PROH) and sucrose (0.1M), ethylene glycol (7.5, 15%), dimethyl sulfoxide (7.5, 15% DMSO), sucrose (0.5, 1.0M) and SPS (Serum Protein Substitute) was used for a cryoprotectant for slow freezing and vitrification solution, respectively. Rates of recovery after thawing, morphological normality, post-thaw viability, arrest, morphological abnormality and preimplantation development were compared between two protocols. After freezing-thawing, recovery and survial rate of slow freezing was (88.6% and 73.4%), whereas vitrification was (99.2% and 96.2%) (p<0.05). The arrest rate of slow freezing was significantly lower compared with those of vitrification(8.7% vs 29.9%) (p<0.05). Preimplantation development to the 2-cell (83.8% vs 67.7%), 4-cell (69.0% vs 47.2%) and 8-cell (62.4% vs 37.8%) stages 24, 48 and 72 h after thawing, respectively, were higher in the slow freezing than the vitrification. After slow freezing and vitrification of human embryo at 2-8cell stage, the rate of recovery rate, survival rate and partial damage rate were 92.0% vs 100%, 80.4% vs 96.2% and 52.2% vs 19.0%, respectively. And partial damage rate was significantly lower than those of slow freezing method (p<0.05). These results demonstrate that a slow freezing using PROH is more efficient than a vitrification for cryopreserving the human zygotes, although the vitrification yielded better recovery, survival and partial damage of frozen-thawed 2-8 cell stage embryos than slow freezing method.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2012

전기비저항은 이온의 이동성에 의존하며 전기비저항의 활용도는 지하공동, 단층조사, 지하오염도 측정 등 다양한 지반조사 분야에서 증가하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 흙의 온도변화에 의한 전기비저항의 변화를 파악하는 것이다. 모래와 실트가 혼합된 시료를 동결시키기 위해 나일론 셀을 제작하였으며 시료의 온도를 변화시키기 위해 시료를 냉동고에 고정하였다. 온도변화에 따른 시료의 전기저항을 측정하기 위해 네 개의 전극을 정사각형 배열로 셀의 옆면에 설치하였다. 시료의 온도가 $20^{\circ}C$에서 $-10^{\circ}C$까지 변화하는 동안 옴의 범칙을 이용하여 포화도가 다른 각 시료(0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 100%)의 전기저항을 측정하였으며 측정된 전기저항은 보정과정을 거쳐 전기비저항으로 환산되었다. 실험결과, 실험 초기 $20^{\circ}C$에서는 시료의 포화도가 증가할수록 전기비저항은 감소하였다. 상온에서 온도가 감소함에 따라 전기비저항은 서서히 증가하였으며, 본 연구에서 사용된 시료의 경우 포화도가 15% 이상인 시료들의 전기비저항은 $0^{\circ}C$ 근처에서 급격히 증가하였다. 또한, 동결된 시료의 전기비저항은 포화도와 관계없이 매우 크게 나타났다. 본 연구는 흙의 온도변화와 동결에 따른 전기비저항의 기초적인 정보를 제공하며 동결 깊이 추정과 같은 지반조사 시 전기비저항은 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.450-455
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• 1997

Scallop, Patinopecten yessonensis(Jay), cultivated in the cold east coast of Kwangwon region, Korea, is expected to be producted to about 50,000 tones in 2000 year. Freezing is one of the most effective methods applied for soraging seafoods. But, the domestic refrigerator with an automatic defrost system shows the temperature fluctuation during defrosting, thus might result in the deterioration of the frozen foods. In this study, the domestic refrigerator with an automatic defrost system, temperature fluctuation from -18 to -5$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ and fluctuation intervals from 16 to 20 hr, was used for storing scallop. pH was decreased rapidly after 3 month storage, while the content of amino nitrogen was increased continuously. The TMA content of open state was increased very rapidly on 3 month storage and then increased slowly, whereas that of vinyl package increased slowly. The VBN content was increased almost constantly with no significant differences between storage methods. The TBA content was increased up to 3 month storage with the higher value in open state than vinyl package in the beginning periods of storage, and then decreased very rapidly. The number of total viable cell was increased continuously during storage with higher number in open state than vinyl package. The estimated shelf-lives of frozen scallop with open state and vinyl package stored at -18$^{\circ}C$ in the domestic refrigerator with an automatic defrost system were 3.55 and 3.78 months, respectively.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the effect of laser-assisted hole in the zona pellucida (ZP) of frozen-thawed ICR mouse embryos on the process of hatching that is critical for expanded blastocysts to implant into endometrium, Vitrification medium, composed of ethylene glycol and sucrose supplemented with 7.5% (w/v) PVP, was used to freeze $2{\sim}4$ cell stage embryos recovered from oviducts of superovulated and mated female mice before storing them in $LN_2$. Right after thawing them, a laser beam was shot to make a hole in ZP followed by culturing in KSOM for $96{\sim}120\;hr$ and examining development to blastocyst and hatching every 12 hr. Laser-treated embryos showed significantly higher hatching rate compared to control (92.9% vs. 22.1%, p<0.05). From around Day 4, blastocysts developed from laser-treated embryos started hatching while the blastocysts of control group failed to hatch showing a lot of shrinkage. This study shows that a laser-assisted hole in ZP improves the hatching rate of blastocysts developed from frozen-thawed, in vitro cultured ICR mouse embryos.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.435-448
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ICB(Irradiated frozen allogenic bone, Rocky Mountain Tissue Bank, USA) and MTF(Decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, USA) on the cell proliferation and differentiation of human fetal osteoblasts. Human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB1) were cultured with $10\;ng/m{\ell}$of ICB and MTF. The negatvie control group was cultured with DMSO and positive control group was cultured with BMF ($2\;ng/m{\ell}$). MIT was performed to examine the viability of the cell, and alkaline phosphatase activity was analyzed to examine the mineralization. Calcium accumulation was also evaluated. ICB and MTF did not increase the rate of the cellular proliferation of hFOB1s while they enhanced ALP and calcium accumulation. The expression of osteocalcin (OC) and bone silaloprotein (BSP) increased in hFOB1 treated with ICB and MTF ($10\;ng/m{\ell}$). These results suggest that ICB and MTF stimulate osteoblastic activity of the hFOBl.