• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1424-1428
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• 2003

Present investigation was conducted to determine the post-thaw sperm motility and acrosomal damage of filtered and non-filtered frozen semen of Murrah buffalo bulls. Twenty semen ejaculates (from four Murrah buffalo bulls collected at weekly interval) were diluted in Tris egg yolk glycerol extender and divided into two parts. One was filtered through sephadex G-100 column and the other portion was kept as such (non-filtered). Both fractions were frozen in liquid nitrogen ($-196^{\circ}C$) by the standard method developed in the laboratory. After 24 h of freezing, non-filtered and filtered semen samples were thawed at $37^{\circ}C$ for 1 min. These samples were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ in a water both. The different seminal characteristics i.e. percent progressive sperm motility, live and abnormal spermatozoa and spermatozoa with damaged acrosome were assessed at hourly interval till they remained motile. The filtered frozen and thawed semen showed significantly (p<0.05) high sperm viability and acrosomal integrity as compared to non-filtered semen.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of oriental medicine public-health program on frozen shoulder patients. Methods : Oriental medicine public-health program was done to 50 frozen shoulder patients who visited Eumseong-gun public health center. Oriental medicine treatment(twice a week for 12 weeks) and prevention-educaiton program was included in public-health program. The schedule was proceeded from 16th March 2010 to 3rd June 2010. The efficacy of program was measured by visual analog scale (VAS), ROM(range of motion), Apley scratch test and Life function score, sleep quality score of their first and last visit. Then we analyzed the improvement in the same group. Results : 1. In VAS change, program showed statistically significant improvement. 2. In ROM(flexion, extension, abduction, adduction) and apley scratch test, program showed statistically significant improvement. 3. In Life function score, program showed statistically significant improvement. 4. In sleep quality score, program also showed improvement, but didn't do statistical significans. Conclusions : The above results suggest that oriental medicine public-health program can be used as effective method for frozen shoulder's treatment and care.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.234-240
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• 1998

This study attempted to determine the effect of various thawing methods and storage periods on the quality of froen cooked rice. Frozen cooked rice was thawed at four different methods, such as pressure cooking, conventional cooking, microwave heating and thawing at room temperature after 10 days, 30days and 90 days frozen storage. We conducted a physico-chemical analysis (moisture content, dehydration rates, degree of gelatinization, color value and texture) and sensory evalution on the frozen-thawed cooked rice. The study showed that there were no significant differences on the quality characteristics of frozen-thawed cooked rice during the storage period of 90 days. However, the thawing method of pressure cooking caused high moisture content, rapid dehydration rates, and a high degree of gelatinization on the cooked rice. Thus, the desirabililty for the rice diminished becaused of the excess moisture content and the change of appearance and testure in the rice due to the high temperature. There were similiar quality characteristics to the cooked rice after forzen-thawing whether by conventional cooking or by microwave heating and just after cooking. Thawing at room temperature also caused a significant decrease in quality characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the survival rate in vitro culture after frozen-thawed to used DMSO(dimethyl sulfoxide), glycerol and ethylene glycol of cryoprotective agents at the zona pellucida removed and encased into alien bisected embryo of the mouse early embryos. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1. The survival rate of in vitro culture after frozen-thawed to used cryoprotective agents of three kinds at the zona pellucida removed bisected morula was 46.6%, 35.8% and 27.3%, total or mean were 36.6%, respectively. 2. The survival rate of in vitro culture after frozen-thawed to used cryoprotective agents of three kinds at the encased into alien bisected morula was 70.6%, 65.3% and 66.4%, total or mean were 67.4%, respectively. 3. The survival rate of in vitro culture after frozen-thawed to used cryoprotective agents of three kinds at the zona pellucida removed bisected blastocysts was 50.4%, 36.7% and 30.4%, total of mean were 39.2%, respectively. 4. The survival rate of in vitro culture after frozen-thawed to used cryoprotective agents of three kinds at the encased into alien bisected blastocysts was 71.1%, 66.7% and 63.9%, total or mean were 67.2%, respectively.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.147-157
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in vitro fertilization, culture and embryo development according to in vitro maturation rate, protectant composition and equilibrium time after frozen /thawing of bovine immature oocytes. This results obtained in studies on the effect of different cryoprotectants on the viability, maturation and development of in vitro bovine oocytes were as follow: 1.The post-thawing of immature oocytes matured to metaphase II during culture time for 0 to 26 h, and those group (62~3%) were low than control group (76.7%). The optimal maturation time of frozen-thawed immature oocytes was at 24 h. 2.The viability of cryopreserved immature oocytes was not affected by sort of cryoprotectants. The developmental competence of frozen4hawed oocytes was not affected by cryoprotectants. These results indicate that an optimal maturation time of frozen /thawed immature oocytes was at 24h. Furthermore the viability of cryopreserved immature oocytes was not affected by sort of cryoprotectants and developmental competence of frozen /thawed oocytes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 1985

Changes in fish jelly forming ability of pretreated and frozen common carp and conger eel were examined. Four kinds of pretreated samples were prepared such as round, mechanically separated meat using fishmeat separator, chopped and water washed meat and fish meat paste. The quality of pretreated samples and fish jelly products made from pretreated sample were generally in good condition for three months of frozen storage at $-30^{\circ}C$. Judging from fish jelly forming ability, the round state of common carp was superior to other pretreated samples during frozen storage. In case of conger eel, fish meat paste revealed totter jelly forming ability than any other pretreated samples during frozen storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 1993

The effect of frozen storage on some physicochemical and sensory quality of salted Chinese cabbage and Kimchi were investigated. The texture of the fresh Chinese cabbage was preserved better by emersion quirk freezing or predrying than by air slow freezing or no predrying while no effect was measured on the salted Chinese cabbage. The salted cabbage had less frozen damages than the fresh one and had the similar texture characteristics of the fermented Kimchi. The frozen Kimchi had the similar overall quality to the unfrozen fermented Kimchi in spite of a little higher chewness values. The color of the salted Chinese cabbage was a little changed to pinkish after 3 months frozen storage but Kimchi was maintained the good quality after 6 months.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.910-915
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• 1996

Ascidian muscle was blackened during the frozen storage, so the prevention against blackening was investigated. Low storage temperature and packaging in polyethylene bags delayed the blackening of ascidian muscle during the frozen storage. The blackening was prevented by dipping for $3{\sim}5$ minutes in 3% brine solution containing 0.3% citric acid, packaging in the polyethylene bag, freezing at $-45^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours and storing at $-20^{\circ}C$. Under this condition, the color and the quality of frozen ascidian muscle were nearly not changed for 200 days.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.965-970
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the effects of freezing and supplementation of molasses (M), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and LAB+enzyme mixture on chemical and nutritional composition of sunflower silage (SF). Sunflower crops were harvested (at about $29.2%{\pm}1.2%$ dry matter) and half of fresh sunflower was ensiled alone and half was frozen (F) at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Silage additives were admixed into frozen SF material. All samples were ensiled in glass jars with six replicates for 90 days. The treatments were as follows: i) positive control (non-frozen and no additives, NF), ii) negative control (frozen, no additives, F), iii) F+5% molasses (FM), iv) F+LAB (1.5 g/tons, Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium, FLAB); v) F+LAB+enzyme (2 g/tons Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium and cellulase and amylase enzymes, FLEN). Freezing silage increased dry matter, crude ash, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin. The organic matter, total digestible nutrient, non-fiber carbohydrate, metabolizable energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility were negatively influenced by freezing treatments (p<0.05). In conclusion, freezing sunflower plants prior to ensiling may negatively affect silage quality, while molasses supplementation improved some quality traits of frozen silage. Lactic acid bacteria and LAB+enzyme inoculations did not effectively compensate the negative impacts of freezing on sunflower silage.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.714-723
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using gauze frozen with normal saline or ice on thirstrelief and oral condition of laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. Participants (n=53) received either gauze frozen with normal saline (n=17), ice (n=18) or wet gauze (n=18) for thirst-relief. The subjective thirst level and oral condition of the participants were assessed before the intervention, 15 min after the first intervention and 15 min after the second intervention. Results: After oral care was provided twice, there were significant differences in thirst level among the groups. When oral care was provided twice, the oral condition of tongue, saliva, mucosal membrane, and gingiva was improved in patients receiving gauze frozen with normal saline or ice. Conclusion: Gauze frozen with normal saline and ice can be effective for oral care in reducing the thirst level and improving the condition of the oral cavity.