• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.926-931
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• 2008

This paper show two different standardized test methods(Japanese Geotechnical Society; JGS 2003). One test is a "Test Method for Frost Heave Prediction Test, JGS 0171-2003", and the other test is a "Test Method for Frost Susceptibility, JGS 0172-2003". The purpose of this test is to obtain the freezing rate(freezing speed), frost heave ratio(heave to sample height), frost heave rate(heaving speed), and other parameters to be used for frost heave prediction and determine the frost susceptibility by freezing test with water intake. This method shall be used to predict the frost heave in frozen ground and evaluate the frost susceptibility of natural and replacement materials.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.393-399
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• 2022

The Segregation Potential (SP) is one of the most widely used predictors of frost heave in cold regions. Laboratory step-freezing tests determining a representative SP at the onset of the formation of the last ice lens (near the thermal steady state condition) can predict susceptibility to frost heave. Previous work has proposed empirical semi-log fitting for determination of the representative SP and applied it to several fine-grained soils, but considering only frost-susceptible soils. The presence of fines in coarse-grained soil affects frost susceptibility. Therefore, it is required to evaluate the applicability of the empirical semi-log fitting for both frost-susceptible and non-frost-susceptible soils with fines content. This paper reports laboratory frost heave tests for fines contents of 5%-70%. The frost susceptibility of soil mixtures composed of sand and silt was classified by the representative SP, and the suitability of the empirical semi-log fitting method was assessed. Combining semi-log fitting with simple laboratory frost heave testing using a temperature-controllable cell is shown to be suitable for both frost-susceptible and non-frost-susceptible soils. In addition, initially non-frost-susceptible soil became frost susceptible at a 10%-20% weight fraction of fines. This threshold fines content matched well with transitions in the engineering characteristics of both the unfrozen and frozen soil mixtures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2006

The authors conducted field experiments of frost heave to evaluate a method for reducing frost susceptibility using granulated used-tire mixture for 3 winters. Qualitative analyses for the evaluation of restraint effect of frost susceptibility by utilizing granulated used-tire soil mixture were conducted with the segregation potential concept and frost heave ratio. By mixing soil with granulated tire, the frost susceptibility was decreased drastically. From the result of the analyses, it was confirmed that granulated tire is an excellent material in controlling the frost susceptibility.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.37-45
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• 2017

Structural instability and damage are caused by frost heave during the winter when atmospheric temperature maintains below $0^{\circ}C$. Frost heave is the most representative engineering characteristics of frozen ground and there are various frost susceptibility criteria. Frost susceptibility criteria can be roughly divided into three categories. First, frost susceptibility is determined from particle size distribution, which is practically useful and many countries are adopting. In this paper, several particle size distributions (PSDs) are applied to the frost susceptibility criteria but PSD seems to be not enough to determine whether soils are frost susceptible. Second, it is judged from laboratory frost heave testing results. Laboratory frost heave tests were performed with newly developed thermal controlled triaxial cell and the reliability of frost susceptibility criteria is evaluated. New testing apparatus and method are suitable to meet the existing frost susceptibility criteria. Third, it is compositive frost susceptibility criteria envelope including the particle size distribution, soil classification, and frost heave test. The compositive frost susceptibility criteria envelope should be supplemented based on additional data on various soil types.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.39-48
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• 2023

Over 100 countries have conducted research on experimental testing methods to assess the frost susceptibility of soils. This study aims to prevent structural damage caused by frost heave. Notably, the United States and Japan, which encompass cold regions such as Alaska and Hokkaido, have actively pursued frost heave research. Through laboratory investigations and field applications, standard testing methods and criteria for evaluating frost susceptibility have been established. However, these methods are complex and their engineering explanations are vague. This study closely compares and analyzes the frost-susceptibility testing methods proposed by ASTM and JGS, considering temperature conditions, specimen size, freezing direction, and drainage conditions. By conducting this comparative analysis, this study aims to shed light on the similarities and differences between the two methods. Furthermore, based on the findings, this study proposes future research guidance for refining frost-susceptibility testing methods and criteria.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.21-27
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• 2024

Frost heave, a significant engineering aspect of frozen ground, leads to various damages in Korea during the winter. Both the United States and Japan, encompassing regions with frozen ground, have actively researched frost heave and possess standardized experimental methods. Particularly, the Japanese Geotechnical Society (JGS) has introduced a frost heave standard testing method, offering the advantage of relatively simple specimen preparation and experimental procedures. However, issues persist regarding the ambiguous engineering interpretation of frost heave test results and the lack of clear criteria for frost heave susceptibility assessment. This paper presents laboratory testing results following the JGS testing method on sand and silt mixtures using a triaxial temperature-controllable cell, and thoroughly analyzes the frost heave rate calculation process. Furthermore, it evaluates the applicability of frost heave susceptibility criteria proposed in the United States to frost heave rates based on the JGS testing method.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5-16
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• 2012

The second scientific antarctic station of South Korea is under construction at Terra Nova Bay located in eastern Antarctica. Ground condition in the Antarctica is frozen in general, but there are seasonal frozen grounds with active layers sporadically. When the active layer is frozen, frost heaving occurs that might cause the differential movement of frozen ground and the failure of structures. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the frost heaving susceptibility of soils at Terra Nova Bay before starting antarctic station construction. This study presents experimental investigation of the frost heaving susceptibility of soil samples with variation of particle sizes and unfrozen water contents. The soil samples were taken from five different locations at Terra Nova Bay and physical properties, unfrozen water content, and frost heaving tests were performed. For the frost heaving tests, soil specimens were frozen with constant freezing temperatures at the top and with drainage at the bottom in order to stimulate the frost heaving. The frost heaving tests provide volume expansion, volumetric strain, and heaving rate which can be used to analyze the relationship between the frost heaving vs. particle size and the frost heaving vs. unfrozen water content. Experimental results show that the more the fine contents exist in soils, the more frost heaving occurs. In addition, the frost heaving depends on unfrozen water content. Experimental data can be used to evaluate the frost heaving susceptibility of soils at the future construction site in the Antarctica.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2009

A new system of modified freeze-thaw testing apparatus is introduced. This system is developed to evaluate the geotechnical parameters and their dependence upon freezing-thawing history of frost-susceptibility soil. A necessary condition for stationary frost heaving is clarified in this paper. The method changes the thermal boundary condition up to the net heat flow at the freezing frost becomes zero. The effectiveness of this method is verified by freeze-thaw tests. Frost heaving observed after the application of the method is found to be due to another frost heaving action called long-term frost heaving. This frost heaving has already been studied and is considered ignorable as engineering factor because of its small heaving amount.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.329-336
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• 2002

The earth structures and in-ground LNG tank, and buildings can be constructed with using artificial freezing method on the reclaimed land. In this study, upon freezing a saturated soil in a closed-system from the top, a considerable pressure was developed. The pressure is the result of the surface energy of a curved ice-water interface. The most significant of these parameters will have the greatest effect on the classification. In order to establish frost-susceptibility criteria based on frost heaving expansion pressure, more soils have to be tested. This study was initiated to investigate the soils frost heaving expansion pressure and moisture characteristics resulting from freezing and freezing-thawing cycle process. Weathered granite soils, sandy soil, sandy soil were used in the laboratory freezing test subjected to thermal gradients under closed- systems.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2019

Frost heave is one of the representative engineering characteristics in cold regions. In South Korea, which is located in seasonal frost area, structural damage caused by frost heave and thaw happens and the need for research on the frost heave is increasing. In this paper, newly developed transparent temperature-controllable cell is used to focus on the frost heave. Frost susceptible artificial soil is used to analyze water intake rate which is one of the important factors in frost susceptibility criteria. Frost heave rate and water intake rate have similar behavior after heave by freezing of pore water converges. O-ring installed in the upper pedestal to measure water intake rate generates side friction between the inner wall of the freezing cell and O-ring, thereby hindering frost heave. Therefore, the frost susceptibility criteria using the water intake rate is not reliable. It is appropriate to use frost heave rate which has similar behavior with water intake rate. Frost heave tests were performed under two different specimen heights. Overburden pressure, temperature gradient and dry unit weight were set under similar state. Based on laboratory testing results, frost heave is independent on the specimen height.