• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.337-344
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the uncertainty as the healing function in the poetry of Robert Frost. One of the therapeutic functions in poetry therapy is to make us look into life from a new perspective, which appears in the uncertainty of his poetry. His uncertainty is based on his peculiar poetic theory and philosophy of dualism. This paper reviews these things and deals with aspects of the uncertainty in detail through his poems. The result of this study shows that Frost conveys elements of ambiguity, illogical development and unpredictability in our society and fear, loneliness and anxiety in our daily life, and also offers realistic depictions of complex life as a therapeutic medium for overcoming these problems. So it seems that his poetry provides us with a recovery of psychic health and a possibility of healing and personal growth. Furthermore we need a practical in-depth study on the healing function of English poetry.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.108-114
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• 1997

Concrete is said to have a high degree of extensibility when it is subjected to large deformations without cracking. The cracking behavior of concrete in the field may even be more complex. For example, in mass concrete compressive stresses are developed during the very early period when temperatures are rising, and the tensile stresses do not develop until at a later age when the temperature begins to decline. Actual cracking and failure depend on the combination of factors and indeed it is rarely that a single adverse factor is responsible for cracking of concrete. The importance of cracking and the minimum width at which a crack is considered significant depend on the conditions of exposure of the concrete. The ultrasonic pulse measurements can be used to detect the development of cracks in structures such as dams, and to check deterioration due to frost or chemical action. An estimate of the depth of a crack visible at the surface can be obtained by measuring the transit times across the crack for two different arrangements of the transducers placed on the surface. In this paper, the concrete cracks that artificially introduced crack width is 1 and 2mm, crack depth is 2, 4, 6, 8cm were measured by Tc-To Method In consequence, the measured depth was increased with increase of measuring distance from concrete crack. The most reliable results were shown when the introduced crack width was 1mm, and the measuring distance was 10cm from concrete crack.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2016

An active layer distributed on surface of an extreme cold region causes a frost heave by repeating the freezing and thawing according to the seasonal temperature change. Since the height of frost heave is greatly affected by the thickness of active layer, an accurate evaluation of the thickness of active layer is necessary for the safe design and construction of the infrastructure in the extreme cold region. In this study, dynamic cone penetrometer, which is miniaturized in-situ penetration device, is applied for the evaluation of active layer depth distribution. As the application tests, two dynamic cone penetration tests were conducted on the study sites located in Solomon and Alaska. In addition, ground temperature variations were obtained. As the results of the application tests, the depth of interface between the active layer and the permafrost was evaluated from the difference in dynamic cone penetration indexes of the active layer and the permafrost, and a layer was detected around the interface considered as an ice lens layer. Also, the interface depths between the above zero and the below zero temperature determined from the ground temperature variations correspond with the interface depths evaluated from the dynamic cone penetration tests. This study demonstrates that the dynamic cone penetrometer may be a useful tool for the evaluation of the active layer in the extreme cold region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.1151-1155
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• 2010

Frost depth is one of important factors to design roadway structure, and it can be estimated with numerical simulation on thermal distribution through subgrade soils. Thermal conductivity is a key parameter for accurate prediction on thermal distribution, but there are few studies on thermal conductivity of subgrade soils in Korea. Thermal conductivity can be affected by several factors such as dry density, moisture content, and saturation degree based on previous researches. Two empirical equations to estimate thermal conductivity are applied to access the accuracy of these equations with experimental data. Results indicate that the equation can be used to estimate thermal conductivity with proper quartz fraction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.7-23
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• 1997

우리나라의 전면적인 약 95%가 계절적 동결지역에 속하며 동상과 융해로 인해 도로등 지반구조물은 피해을 입는다. 본 논문에서는 국립건설시험소의 10년간 실측자료중 지역별로 대표하여 15개 도시 528개 지점을 선정하여 최대동결지수를 4개 그룹(250이하, 250∼400, 400∼600, 600이상)으로 분류하여 분석하였다. 또한 동결심도 계산에 동결지수외에 흙의 함수비와 전조밀도를 각각 추가로 고려하여 새로운 산정식을 제시하였다. 그리고 지역에 따른 과다산정을 막기 위하여 동결지수 분류별로 4그룹으로 세분화하여 경제적인 설계가 가능하도록 하였다. 새 제안식과 기존식을 비교하여 보았을 때 새 제안식이 기존식보다 전반적으로 크게 산정되나 그 지역의 함수비나 건조밀도를 추가로 고려하였으므로 보다 합리적인 산정식이라 할 수 있다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2011

현재 도로 포장 설계시 동결심도의 결정은 30년간 관측한 기상자료 분석을 통해서 얻은 동결지수를 근거로 하여 동결심도를 산정한다. 그러나 기후 온난화 현상 등 변화된 기상조건과 대기온도를 근거로 작성된 동결지수와 대기온도에 따른 실제 포장 내부의 온도 변화를 반영하지 못하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 설계시 산정된 동결심도와 실제 현장의 동결심도의 차이를 확인하기 위하여 한반도 북부지역을 동결지수에 따라 동결지수 $550{\sim}650^{\circ}C{\cdot}$일, $450{\sim}550^{\circ}C{\cdot}$일, $350{\sim}450^{\circ}C{\cdot}$일, $350^{\circ}C{\cdot}$일 이하로 구분하여 15개 지역을 선정하였고, 각 지역별로 절토부, 절성경계부, 저성토부(2m 이하 성토부) 구간으로 45단면을 구분하여 현장계측시스템을 구축하였다. 그리고 현장계측시스템으로부터 얻어진 대기온도와 포장층별 온도를 이용하여 현장 동결심도를 산정하고 동결심도 산정식의 동결심도와 비교하였다. 또한, 현장 동결심도를 이용하여 동결심도선도를 작성하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.197-198
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• 2019

The aim of the research is evaluating the feasibility of inspection for early age frozen damage and for expansion of concrete under the various time periods of -20℃ temperature condition. When the concrete samples were exposed for 12 hours and 24 hours, the frozen depth of the concrete were 10 and 60 mm, respectively, under the wet conditions. From the experiment results of temperature and expansion, only surface area suffered frozen damage for 12 hours exposing conditions while entire area suffered frozen damage for 24 hours exposing conditions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.17-24
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• 2001

Recently, the requirements for high precision and efficiency machining are gradually increased to raise international competitiveness at the industrial fields of die and molds. This trend had made effects on the industrial fields in Korea and which needs fur studying of high precision and efficiency machining. This study is to investigate the effects of the non-out of end mill in the external cylindrical machining operated by solid carbide end mills with Al-alloy in high speed machining center relating to high spindle revolution and frost fred per minute on the dimensional precision, roundness of workpiece. From the results of experimentations followings are obtained; when Al-alloy is processed by the external cylindrical cutting of end milling through the high speed revolution, if the spindle revolution is higher relating to radial depth of cut, feed per tooth in very lower situation, finally, productivity can be raised because high precision and quality products are machined high efficiently.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.109-121
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• 2012

Rock-surface temperatures were observed at a trachytic lava dome, called as Baeknokdam Northwest Face, in the summit area of Mt. Halla, Jeju Island, to examine the frequency and occurrence season of freeze-thaw cycles and the rate of temperature changes during a freezing period. Long-term measurements were recorded over 18 months from November 2006 to April 2008, at a 1-hour logging interval and rock depth of 1.5 cm. Both diurnal freeze-thaw cycles and effective freeze-thaw cycles appear in larger numbers on a south-facing rock face than a north-facing rock face. The diurnal cycles were dominantly observed on February and March for the south face and on November and April for the north face, respectively. The annual freeze-thaw cycles were confirmed in terms of the presence of seasonal freezing periods lasting from mid-November to mid-April for the south face and from early-November to late-April for the north face, respectively. The rate of decreasing temperatures during the seasonal freezing periods is larger on the north face than the south face. Notwithstanding the lower numbers of freeze-thaw events, the north face experiences a higher frost intensity since the number of hours below $-3^{\circ}C$ is larger on the north face than the south face. The number of freeze-thaw events and the duration of days with continuous sub-zero rock temperatures largely depend on the solar radiation controlled by the aspect of the monitored rock surfaces, and thus the high-frequency short-term frost cycle dominantly appears on the south face and the annual frost cycle on the north face, respectively.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.95-107
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• 2013

In order to examine the temperature regime responsible for periglacial processes, air and ground temperatures were monitored from October 2010 to May 2011 at a subalpine bare patch (1,710m asl) of Mt. Halla. Four thermistor sensor probes were installed at 55 cm above a ground surface and depths of 2 cm, 10 cm, and 20 cm, respectively. A mean air temperature is $-0.1^{\circ}C$, while mean ground temperatures are $1.8^{\circ}C$ at 2 cm, $2.6^{\circ}C$ at 10 cm and $3.2^{\circ}C$ at 20 cm deep. A mean monthly ground temperature at 2 cm deep demonstrates below $0^{\circ}C$ successively from January to March, while those at 10 cm and 20 cm deep show no sub-zero temperature. A total of 72 freeze-thaw cycle was observed in air temperature. However, the numbers in ground temperature reduced into 17 at 2 cm, 8 at 10 cm, and 3 at 20 cm deep. The cycles of air temperature and ground temperature at 2 cm deep mostly fluctuated diurnally, while those of ground temperature at 10 cm and 20 cm deep exhibited a several-daily oscillation. Snow cover over 55 cm high remained from January to early April, and it seemed to disappear completely on April 16. A seasonal frost of at least 2 cm thick was formed on late December and the isotherm of $0^{\circ}C$ descended slowly into 10 cm deep on late March to early April due to the insulating snow cover. It showed the maximum freezing depth of 20 cm on April 7 to 14 and then thawed rapidly so that the frozen ground did not longer after April 17. Periglacial processes are predominant during a freezing period than a thawing period when the ground surface is still covered with snow. The periglacial mass movement in the subalpine zone of Mt. Halla is mainly generated by frost creep in terms of the occurrence depth of diurnal freeze-thaw cycle and the maximum freezing depth of ground.