• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.391-396
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• 2007

Objective : This study was performed to review the clinical characteristics and operative results of brain abscess in order to define the therapeutic strategy for this disease. Methods : We reviewed the medical records and radiology images of brain abscess patients treated in our hospital during the last 16 years. A total of 35 cases included 23 males and 12 females, with the mean age of 48 years old. We excluded cases of postoperative, post traumatic, and fungal abscess. All patient underwent at least one surgical treatment such as stereotactic aspiration or craniotomy with excision. Results : Twenty seven [77.1%] patients presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. The frontal lobe was the most common anatomical place, and streptococcal species were the most frequently encountered pathogens. The chronic pulmonary diseases and chronic otitis media are common underlying condition. Eighteen patients underwent stereotactic aspiration and 17 patients had excision of their abscess as an initial treatment. Seven patients had a repeated surgery, 6 of them had been treated with aspiration initially. At discharge, 60.0% patients showed a favorable outcome. Conclusion : The stereotactic drainage would be more suitable for the brain abscess located in deep and eloquent area. A large, solitary, and well-encapsulated lesion of superficial location could be best treated with complete excision, and this procedure was more definite because it is associated with less repeated surgery and showed more favorable outcome compared to aspiration surgery.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.8-16
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• 2019

Customized sleep care service needs to be provided differently for individuals since individual has different degree of sleep disorder. Because the brainwave data shows unique waveform characteristics for each person, this characteristic can be used to identify individuals. Personal identification provides an important role in enabling customized services. When you blink, you can obtain brain wave characteristics by measuring the area of the frontal lobe. Therefore, a real-time personal identification algorithm based on blinking EOG for customized sleep care service is proposed in this paper. For evaluation, 10 individuals were tested for personal identification accuracy. The results of the experiment confirmed that a maximum accuracy of 93% were taken. Algorithms can be developed by reflecting characteristics such as changes in the external environment in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2021

In this paper, we presented the results of analysis with data obtained through EEG measurements to confirm the effect of musical stimulus when performing mathematical tasks. While the subject was solving a mathematical task, favorite and unfavorite music classified according to the subject's preference were presented as musical stimulus and the tasks were divided into memorization task and procedure task. The data measured in the EEG experiments was divided into theta waves, SMR waves and mid-beta waves which are the frequency bands related to concentration to compare the relative power spectrum values. In our results, in the case of comparing no music with favorite music and no music with unfavorite music, a significant difference was observed in the several channels, and the average difference was shown in the channels F3 and F4 of the frontal lobe. In that channels, the power was found to be greater when the music was presented than the case where there was no music. Depending on the subject's preference, it was confirmed that favorite music showed greater brain activity than unfavorite music.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.249-251
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• 2022

In this paper, we present machine learning to control drone flight using EEG signals. We defined takeoff, forward, backward, left movement and right movement as control targets and measured EEG signals from the frontal lobe for controlling using Fp1. Fp2 Fp2 two-channel dry electrode (NeuroNicle FX2) measuring at 250Hz sampling rate. And the collected data were filtered at 6~20Hz cutoff frequency. We measured the motion image of the action associated with each control target open for 5.19 seconds. Using Matlab's classification learner for the measured EEG signal, the triple layer neural network, logistic regression kernel, nonlinear polynomial Support Vector Machine(SVM) learning was performed, logistic regression kernel was confirmed as the highest accuracy for takeoff and forward, backward, left movement and right movement of the drone in learning by class True Positive Rate(TPR).

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.263-273
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate effect of scalp acupuncture (SA) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) intervention on neuromotor function in photothrombotic cerebral infarction (PCI) rat model. Sixty male SD rats were used. PCI was induced on M1 cortex of right frontal lobe. SA was performed at the Qianding (GV21), Xuanli (GB6) acupoints of ipsilesional M1. Low-frequency rTMS was delivered to contralesional M1. All rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A, normal (n, 15); group B, PCI without any stimulation intervention (n, 15); group C, PCI with SA (n, 15); group D, PCI with rTMS (n, 15). Rota-rod test and Ladder rung walking test (LWT) were done weekly for 8 weeks after PCI. SA or rTMS was started from post-PCI 4^th day as protocol for 8 weeks. H/E stain and IHC were done. Western blot and qRT-PCR study were performed for MAP2 and BDNF from ipsilesional M1 peri-infarction tissue. Brain MRI study was conducted to quantify the volume of cerebral infarction. As a result, left forelimb and hindlimb function significantly improved more in group C and D than control group, with expressed more BDNF and MAP2. And brain MRI showed focal infarction of right M1 after PCI, and infarction volume progressively decreased in group C and D than group B from post-PCI 5^th to 8^th week. SA or rTMS was more effective than no intervention group on neuromotor function of PCI rat model. The functional recovery was associated with stimulation intervention-related neurogenesis.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 2024

Background and Purpose: Ventricle enlargement has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We studied the relationship between ventricular size and cognitive function in patients with AD. We focused on the effect of the initial ventricle size on the rate of cognitive decline in patients with AD. Methods: A retrospective analysis of probable clinical AD participants with more than 2 magnetic resonance imaging images was performed. To measure ventricle size, we used visual rating scales of (1) Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) score and (2) conventional linear measurement method. Results: Increased clinical dementia rating (CDR) was correlated with a decreased Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score, and increased medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTLA) and global ventricle size (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.021, respectively). There was a significant correlation between the change in cognitive function in the group (70%-100%ile) with a large initial ventricle size (p=0.021 for ∆CDR, p=0.01 for ∆MMSE), while the median ventricle size (30%-70%ile) showed correlation with other brain structural changes (MTLA, frontal atrophy [FA], and white matter) (p=0.036 for initial MTLA, p=0.034 for FA). Conclusions: In this study, the initial ventricle size may be a potential new imaging biomarker for initial cognitive function and clinical progression in AD. We found a relationship between the initial ventricle size and initial AD-related brain structural biomarkers.

• Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2023

The treatment of complicated anterior cerebral artery aneurysms remains challenging. Here, the authors describe a case of ruptured complicated A3 aneurysm, which was treated with trapping and in-situ bypass. A 47-year-old man presented to the emergency department with severe headache and vomiting. Computed tomography illustrated acute intracerebral hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) confirmed a ruptured fusiform A3 aneurysm with lobulation and a daughter sac. Trapping of the ruptured fusiform A3 aneurysm and distal end-to-side A4 anastomosis was performed. DSA on postoperative day 7 showed mild vasospasm to the afferent artery. However, 2 months later, DSA demonstrated that the antegrade flow through the anastomosis site had recovered. Thus, surgeons should be aware of the possibility of postsurgical vasospasm of anastomosed arteries, especially in cases of ruptured aneurysms.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.83-88
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• 2024

This study aims to explore the effect of combined stimulation consisting of relaxation-inducing scent and high-concentration oxygen on psychological/physiological responses. The cerebral blood flow responses and arousal that occur when oxygen concentration is controlled under the same scent conditions were observed. The experiment's scent was lavender oil (relaxing scent), and the oxygen concentrations were normal (21%) and high (30%). The experiment involved 12 male adults repeating a 5-minute rest period and a 5-minute stimulation period. The hemoglobin (HbO) concentration was extracted using the Beer-Lambert law to observe cerebral blood flow responses. Arousal was assessed using a 5-point scale questionnaire. A paired t-test was used to compare the two stimuli (lavender +21%, lavender +30%). Results reveal that HbO concentration in the frontal lobe increased, whereas arousal decreased at lavender +30% vs. lavender +21%. These results suggest that adding high-concentration oxygen to scent stimulation can induce more brain activation and relaxation.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2000

Objectives: The Psychopathology of schizophrenia was expected to be related with focal dysfunction of brain while schizophrenia is recognized and studied as the brain disease. Authors studied correlation between neuropsychological tests and delusion which is representative symptom of schizophrenia in patients with head trauma and psychiatric patients in order to explore the functional localization of brain in delusional symptom. Methods: Halstead Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery and Korean Weschler Intelligent Scale and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) were administered to one hundred ninteen patients consisted of sixty nine psychiatric patients and fifty patients with brain damage. We tested correlation between results of neuropsychological tests and delusional scale made from twenty four items related with delusion in MMPI. T-test between eighteen higher delusion scorers and twenty one lower scorers was examed in psychiatric group. Results: In brain damage group, signigicant correlations were found in the tests related with function of frontal lobe such as category test, trail making AB test, tactual performance test, digit symbol test and fingertip number writing test, and significant correlations were also noted in the tests related with function of left temporal and parietal lobes such as information, comprehension, vocabulary, similarities and speech sound perception test. The tests related with the function of right hemisphere such as tactual performance test location, picture completion and performance, and the tests related with subcortical function such as arithmetic, digit span, attention, digit symbol test, digit symbol and trail making AB test were signigicantly corelated with delusional scale too. In psychiatric group there were significant difference of delusional score in the tests related with function of left hemisphere such as vocabulary, vocable IQ, comprehension and language, and in the tests related with subcortical function such as N 120 voltage, digit symbol and arithmetic. Conclusions: Delusion seems to be related with function of frontal lobe, left hemisphere and subcortex in both groups. Right hemisphere may be also partially related with delusion.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.155-165
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• 2002

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the brain areas whose regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was changed in medial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) using ${H_2}^{15}O-PET$. Materials and Methods: 12 patients with mTLE (6 left, 6 right mTLE) and 6 normal controls were scanned during a fixation baseline period and a sensory-motor condition where subjects pressed a button to an upward arrow. A voxel-based analysis using SPM99 software was peformed to compare the patient groups with the normal controls for the rCBF during fixation baseline period and for relative changes of rCBF during the sensory-motor task relative to fixation. Results: During the fixation baseline, a significant reduction of rCBF was found posterior insula bilaterally and right frontopolar regions in right mTLE patients compared to the normal controls. In left mTLE patients, the reduction was found in left frontopolar and temporal legions. During the sensory-motor task, rCBF increase over the fixation period, was reduced in left frontal and superior temporal legions in the right mTLE patients whereas in various areas of right hemisphere in left mTLE patients, relative to normal controls. However, the increased rCBF was also found in the left inferior parietal and anterior thalamic/fornix regions in both right and left mTLE patients compared to normal controls. Conclusion: Epilepsy induced changes were found not only in relative increase/decrease of rCBF during a simple sensory-motor control condition relative to a fixation rest condition but also in the relative rCBF distribution during the rest period.