• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 1999

The study which was conducted to determine the effects of the polyethylene film on the culture of Pleurotus ostreatus is summarized in the following: 1) The fresh weight of Pleurotus ostreatus cultured by the box culture method mulching with black polyethylene film was 2,237g/box and, 2,028g/box by white polyethylene film mulching, and 1,695g/box at the conventional culture which was by 24.2% and 16.4% higher than that of the conventional culture.2) The fresh weight of P. ostreatus cultured by the shelf culture method mulching with the black polyethylene film was 17.4kg/m$^2$ at the white polyethylene film culture, 14.6kg/m$^2$ at the conventional culture which was by 16.2%, 7.5% higher than that of the conventional culture. 3) The best shape appearance in terms of the diameter in P. ostreatus was 5~30mm and the intervals were 10cm respectively. 4) The black polyethylene film mulching in P. ostreatus observed in good protection against Pseudomonas spp., Trichoderma, or mushroom flies. 5) The black polyethylene film mulching method for the culture of P. ostreatus was much better than that of the shelf-culture, box-culture or the sack culture in terms of total yield and quality. 6) The length of harvesting implement of P. ostreatus was suitable for 45~120cm in order to use on the harvest of the mulching.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.12-19
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• 1995

Korean fresh elephant -foot (Amorphophalus Konjak K. Koch) and its powder were analyzed and compared with foreign samples for the purpose of investigating the physico -chemical characteristics of Korean konjak. The Korean fresh konjak contains 80.64% of moisture and most of the solid component comprises sugar, protein and trace of fat and fibre. The mannan content of Korean konjak powder is far smaller than those of Japanese and Chinese konjak powder. The analysis of the korean konjak protein tells that 45% of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and argi-nine is included other remaining amino acid is larger with the order of valine, serine, leucine, and gly-cine. The Korean konjak contains a moderate amount of K component and other inorganic component increases with the order of P Na and Ca. The yield of konjak refined powder from dried chip was 61% and 51.5% of korean and chinese re-spectively. The whiteness degree of chinese konjak powder was slightly higher than that of korean product but the difference could not be recognized by the naked eye.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2016

The present study was performed to compare the morpho-physiological characteristics of the tetraploid and diploid varieties of Platycodon grandiflorum and to obtain basic data for cultivating a tetraploid variety with high yield and content of functional substances. The plant height of the tetraploid variety (54.0 cm) was slightly higher than that of the diploid variety. The leaf length and width of the tetraploid variety were 10.2 cm and 7.3 cm, respectively. The results obtained from the present study revealed that the form of the leaf changed from lanceolate to ovate, and the chlorophyll content in the tetraploid variety (16.7) was slightly higher than that in the diploid variety. The photosynthetic rate significantly increased (24%) to $13.4{\mu}mol\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ in the tetraploid variety from that of the diploid variety. The pollen viability of the tetraploid variety was decreased by approximately 33% with respect to that of the diploid variety, but this did not have a significant adverse effect on seed production. The fresh weight of tetraploid P. grandiflorum was 49.4 g, which was approximately 44% higher than that of the diploid variety.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2014

Percolation is the important process of extracting the soluble constituents of a fine mesh, porous substance by passage of a liquid through it. In this study, bio-wastes were percolated under various conditions through continuous percolation processes, and the energy potential of percolate was evaluated. The representative bio-wastes from the K composting plant in Darmstadt, Germany were used as the sample for percolation. The central objective of this study was to determine the optimal amount of process water and the optimum duration of percolation through the bio-wastes. For economic reasons, the retention time of the percolation medium should be as long as necessary and as short as possible. For the percolation of the bio-wastes, the optimal percolation time was 2 hr and maximum percolation time was 4 hr. After 2 hr, more than two-thirds of the organic substances from the input material were percolated. In the first percolation process, the highest yields of organic substance were achieved. The best percolation of the bio-wastes was achieved when the process water of 2 L for the first percolation procedure and then the process water of 1.5 L for each further percolation procedure for a total 8 L for all five procedures were used on 1,000 g fresh bio-waste. The gas formation potentials of 0.83 and $0.96Nm^3/ton$ fresh matter (FM) were obtained based on the percolate from 1 hr percolation of 1,000 g bio-waste with the process water of 2 L according to the measurement of the gas formation in 21 days (GB21). This method can potentially contribute to reducing fossil fuel consumption and thus combating climate change.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.122-128
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• 2023

The present study was conducted to analyze agronomic characteristics of 8 ecotypes of Arundinella hirta (A. hirta) and the correlation among them. Changes in phenotypic characteristics of 8 ecotypes were measured at equal intervals of time from May to September. Among ecotypes, Jangsoo-1 has the highest plant height (172.33 cm), number of leaves (9.00) and leaf length (55 cm) while the ecotype Youngduk has the highest leaf width (1.57 cm), fresh mass (26.63 g), dry mass (7.06 g), number of spikelets per spike (53.33), amount of seeds per spike (0.74 g) and amount of seeds per 10 spikes (7.23 g). The ecotype Jinju-1 has the shortest plant height (119 cm) and leaf number (6.33), while Okgye-2 has shortest leaf length (30.67 cm), leaf width (0.93 cm), fresh mass (12.60 g), dry mass (3.30 g), spike length (30.33 cm), spikelet per spike (39.67), amount of seeds per spike (0.61 g) and amount of seeds per 10 spikes (6.00 g). Correlation coefficients were estimated among the studied agronomic characteristics which showed positive and significant association with each other. In the present study, the agronomic data collected would be useful to understand the potential of A. hirta as a forage resource and helpful in selecting the high-yielding genetic resource for future forage improvement.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.41-55
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• 2002

In order to evaluate the effects of functional composts which include elvan, jade and loess, the growth and the yield of Chinese Cabbage and its content of sugar, nitrate and vitamin C were analysed. This study was conducted in lysimeter which was installed in the Experimental Farm of Dankook University. Total fresh weights of Chinese Cabbage were higher in the treatments of compost with mixture of elvan, jade and loess, while numbers of leaf was not increased in those treatments compared to control plot. Leaf length increased more than leaf width, specially in the evlan treatment. Fresh weight of leaf blade and midrib in outer leaf was highest in the plot of elvan treatment among the 6 treatments. Sugar content in the Chinese Cabbage showed lower in the treatment of compost with mixture of elvan, jade and loess compared to control plot. Vitamin content was high in leaf blade compare to those in midrib, and it showed highest value in the treatment of compost with mixture of jade. Nitrate concentration of leaf blade and midrib in the treatment of compost with mixture of loess was lowest at 2,021ppm and 2,235ppm respectively. It shows the effective function of mixture compost with jade, loess and elvan to decrease nitrate content in the Chinese Cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 1996

The study was carried out to identify the characteristics of leafy shapes, and to establish the cultural practices such as shading condition, fertilization method, and planting distance of Cirsium nipponicum. Leaf shapes in this plant consist of two kinds, lobation and non-lobation which has two spur type showing large and small spur. Protein band patterns showed that a new protein band in non-lobation with large spur was appeared at the 116.4kDa. For shading condition and fertilization method, number of stems in non-shading and organic matter treatment was higher than that of shading 55% with 3.7. Fresh leaf yield on non-shading and organic matter treatment was higher than that of other treatments. Growth characteristics of leaf number was increased in the $60\times30cm$ treatment, but was redeuced to some extent compared with $60\times45cm$. To increase the fresh leaf yield, the optimum planting distance was $30\times20cm$ with 4,100kg/10a.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.270-276
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to develop a practical method to growth in hydroponics conditions. For this purpose, leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., cv. 'Cheongchima') was cultivated under different temperature and light conditions in experimental fields of Sahmyook university from March, 1991 to May, 1996. The visual quality score(VQS), a quantitative parameter to evaluate harvested leaf lettuce quality. The leaf lettuce cultivated at $25^{\circ}C$ solution temperature showed the highest fresh weight pe, plant (59.7g/plant), but lowest visual quality score (5.2), while leaf lettuce cultivated at 15$^{\circ}C$ solution temperature showed lower fresh weight per plant (25.2g/plant) but highest visual quality score (7.2). In general, growth of leaf lettuce was retarded by low solution temperature, but quality was higher than those of other solution temperature. Different day/night temperature of nutrient solutions 20/2$0^{\circ}C$ and 25/2$0^{\circ}C$ was highest in yield, but leaf type was grow longer, and visual quality are inferior to low temperature. Yield was decreased as 10 and 25% at 60 and 80% shading treatment, respectively. Chlorophyll content was decreased by shading. but plant height and root length were increased of leaf lettuce growth with hydroponics.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.147-154
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• 2014

Spinach downy mildew caused by Peronospora spinaciae is the main reason of yield reduction in Korea as well as in worldwide. After forced ventilation or horizontal air circulation fans were installed to control growth conditions in green house, the changes of temperature, relative humidity (RH), growth and yield, and occurrence of downy mildew were examined. Althought here was no significant difference of temperature between the treatments, RH as 9.2% lower at nighttime by forced ventilation. In addition, final fresh weight was increased to 17.8g compared to control (10.1g), which as 7.7g enhancement. Downy mildew s tarted to show 20 days after sowing (DAS) and increased to 34.7% at 60 DAS on harvest time in control. In contrast downy mildew was occurred 40 DAS with 0.7% incidence rate and 4% at harvest by forced ventilation. The results indicated that reduction of only 9.2% of RH at nighttime by forced ventilation in greenhouse spinach growth was dramatically thrived over 76.2%. Additionally spinach downy mildew occurred 20 days later with extremely lower incident rate, which meant 88.5% reduction of downy mildew.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.274-274
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• 2017

Temperature has an adverse effect for potential growth and development of Codonopsis lanceolata. The present study examined the responses of growth, yield and mineral element contents under temperature variables in C. lanceolata. Plant height exhibited the best result as being 2 m or higher the open field culture, while the growth is the most restricted in the $30^{\circ}C$. The open field culture also had the largest number of leaves in the early stage of growth. The number of leaves and the height tended to be increased with the temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. The number of branches showed no significance as 32 branches and 26 branches in open field culture and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The smallest number of branches was observed in the $30^{\circ}C$ with 15 branches. The leaf color recorded the lowest value in the open field culture unlike the growth above the ground. But all other temperature had no significance with the leaf color value between 50.0 and 52.6. The elevated temperature induced the thinner and shorter diameter and length of root. However, the root diameter was not significantly changed with the change of 1.8 cm and 2.1 cm at open field culture, with $20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. The fresh weights of the primary root and lateral roots were 6.3 g and 3.1 g, respectively, at the high temperature. The result showed the thickening of the lowest part under the ground as restricted. The fresh weights of the main root and lateral root were the highest on the open field culture, 20.6 g and 12.2 g, respectively. The contents of cellulose were the highest as 4.41% in the $20^{\circ}C$, followed by the open field culture, $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The higher temperature reduced the contents of cellulose. Moreover, P showed higher ratio in the high temperature while Ca and Mg exhibited the higher ratio towards the low temperature. On the contrary, minor quantity (less than 1%) of mineral nutrients was observed towards all temperature variables.