• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water soluble fertilizer(WSF) and slow release fertilizer(SRF) on the growth of carnation(Dianthus caryophyllus 'Invitation') cultured in C-channel mat irrigation system. Plants grown in $0.8{\~}1.0\;g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of WSF showed the highest quality, especially on fresh and dry weight of aerial part, leaf number, total leaf area, plant height, and branch number. All plants showed increase of growth rate around 60 days after treatment, although there was a different increase rate. Total leaf area decreased its increase rate after 90 days after treatment. Carnations supplied by WSF showed better growth and quality than SRF, and the optimum concentration range of WSF for pot-carnation was $0.8{\~}1.0\;g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in C-channel mat irrigation system.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2016

X-ray irradiation with convergent chemicals such as nano-silver particles or sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) has been used to control leaf blight on cut lilies. The oriental hybrid lily cultivars Siberia, Le Reve, and Sorbonne were irradiated five times by 200 Gy of X-rays in 2014. In 2015, Siberia and Sorbonne were irradiated three times by 150 Gy of X-rays. After artificial infection with Botrytis elliptica on the leaves and petals of cut lilies, this study used convergent chemical X-ray irradiation of 200 Gy or 150 Gy. Leaf and petal blight was measured in terms of incidence and severity at 8 days after infection using total 552 cuttings. Results indicate that the treatments of X-ray irradiation and NaDCC in 2014 and 2015 slightly decreased the severity of petal blight on Siberia and Sorbonne. However, the results were not significant and severity did not decrease as NaDCC concentration increased. Vase-life was observed separately after X-ray irradiation of 270 cut lilies in 2014 and 108 cut lilies in 2015. Chlorophyll content was not affected by either 200 Gy or 150 Gy of X-rays. The number of days of fully opened flowers at Siberia of 150 Gy and Le Revu of 200 Gy increased by 1-2 days. In addition, the relative fresh weights of the X-rayed flowers were 10% drier than the non-irradiated controls. Overall, leaf blight control by X-ray was inferior to the control by gamma rays, and petal color was bleached in Sorbonne and Le Reve cvs. by 150 Gy of X-rays.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2001

In order to determine the influence of nitrogen on agronomic characters, forage yield and quality, a Kenaf was cultured on the volcanic ash soil at the Experimental Farm of Cheju national University under the seven levels of nitrogen rates(0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250kg/ha) from April 25 to Dec. 25, 1999. The plant height increased by increase of nitrogen rate, showing longest 250kg/ha with 286.6cm and shortest at no application plot with 255.7cm. The difference on leaf number, leaf withering number, stem diameter and branches number by nitrogen rate showed a similar tendency to the plant height. Increasing N rate from 0 to 250kg/ha fresh forage yield form 55.8 to 99.8MT/ha, dry matter (DM) yield from 8.8 to 15.8MT/ha, crude protein(CP) yield form 1.2 to 3.1MT/ha, total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield from 3.8 to 8.6MT/ha. However, no significant differences in these yields were found between 200 and 250kg N/ha. Nitrogen uptake increased form 192.9 to 496.2 kg/ha but N use efficiency decreased form 95.0 to 66.6 kg DM$^{a}$ /kg N with increasing from 0 to 250 kg/ha. As N rate increased from 0 to 250kg/ha, leaf and stem out of CP, crude fat (CF), nitrogen free extract (NFE), TDN contents increased from 20.1% to 25.8% and from 9.7% to 12.4%, from 5.6% to 8.1% and from 3.3% to 4.4%, from 36.1% to 40.2% and from 21.9% to 32.4%, from 59.3% to 75.0% and from 32.2% to 38.2%, respectively, while leaf and stem out of crude fiber decreased from 18.5% to 16.7% and from 51.5% to 39.3%. Based on the these findings, the optimum N rate for forage production of kenaf seems to be about 200 kg/ha in atmospheric phenomena and volcanic ash soils of jeju island.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.314-324
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• 2016

To improve the color stability of chlorophyll in young barley leaf used as functional green biomaterial, the absorption spectrum, color values, and antioxidative activities of young barley leaf (YBL) treated with zinc ion solutions were investigated. The small pieces of fresh YBL in aqueous solution mixtures were autoclaved twice at $110^{\circ}C$ for 30 min (pH 5). Distilled water (BLA), 0.01% zinc chloride (BLAZ), 0.01% zinc citrate (BLAC), and 0.01% zinc lactate (BLAL) solutions were used. Treated YBL powders were extracted with 80% EtOH for 4 h. Chlorophyll a and b contents differed with different treatments. BLA decreased chlorophyll a and b contents, whereas others were maintained. Absorbance spectrums of chlorophyll at 400~700 nm showed different maximum peak wavelengths. After heating in acidic and neutral solutions (pH 3, 5, and 7), the colors of YBL and BLA changed from green to olive green, whereas BLAZ, BLAC, and BLAL remained green color. The antioxidative activities showed higher values in YBL extract than in treated extracts. From the above results, autoclaved YBL in zinc solution would increase the color stability and maintain green color regardless of acid and heat treatments.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.246-250
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the effect of controlled-release fertilizer on growth of Oncidium. Leaf and pseudobulb length increased with controlled-release fertilizer from 2 g to 3 g treatment compared to hyponex and controlled-release fertilizer I g treatment, while leaf width and number of leaf was not significant among treatments. Plant weight increased with controlled-release fertilizer from 2 g to 3 g treatment compared to hyponex and controlled-release fertilizer I g treatment. Flowering date(bloomed October early) did not show significant difference among treatments. The number of flowers showed the most in controlled-release fertilizer 3 g treatment as 62.4 ea/plant, but was not different significantly among treatments. Flower stem length and width were also non-significant among treatments. Branching numbers increased in the controlled-release fertilizer 2 g and 3 g treatments. Mineral elements of shoot increased from 2 g to 3 g treatment rather than the controlled-release fertilizer 1g treatment. Especially, K content was higher compared to N and P content. Therefore, appropriate controlled-release fertilizer amount for Oncidium was recommended as 2 g.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.270-278
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Horticultural plant growth under field and/or greenhouse conditions is affected by the climate changes (e.g., temperature, humidity, and rainfall). Therefore investigation of hydroponics on field horticultural crops is necessary for year-round production of the plants regardless of external environment changes under plant factory system with artificial light sources. METHODS AND RESULTS: Common sage (Salvia plebeia), nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus), and hooker chive (Allium hookeri) plants were hydroponically culturing in the plant factory with blue-red-white LEDs (Light-Emitting Diodes) and fluorescent lights (FLs). Leaf numbers of common sage under mixture LED and FL treatments were 134% and 98% greater, respectively than those in the greenhouse condition. In hooker chives, unfolded leaf numbers were 35% greater under the artificial lights and leaf elongation was inhibited by the conventional sunlight compared to the artificial light treatments. Absorption pattern of NO₃-N composition in hydroponic solution was not affected by the different light qualities. CONCLUSION(S): Plant factory system with different light qualities could be applied for fresh-leaf production of common sage, nasturtium, and hooker chive plants culturing under field and/or greenhouse. Controlled light qualities in the system resulted in significantly higher hydroponic growth of the plants comparing to conventional greenhouse condition in present.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2022

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Family Asteraceae) is highly ranked in production and economic value and is consumed either fresh or in salad mixes because of its important dietary source of bioactive phytochemicals. The world collection of Lactuca spp. leafy crops, maintained in NAC, includes 2,464 accessions from 71 countries around the world, of which 2,411 belong to L. sativa species, nineteen to L. saligna, and fifteen to L. serriolar. We aimed to investigate the lettuce germplasm with morphological and biochemical analyses and provide new material for breeding. The lettuce crop comprises seven main groups of cultivars (including oilseed lettuce) differing phenotypically. Agricultural characteristcs were investigated including time to bolting, time to flowering, seed color, flower color, leaf attitude, leaf color, leaf anthocyanin coloration, type of incision of margin, depth of incisions of margins, and leaf venation. Screening of the health beneficial metabolites like anthocyanin and bitter sesquiterpene lactones (lactucin and lactucopicrin) was also conducted. The range of anthocyanin and SLs were 0~563.78 mg/100g D.W. and 3.74~3311.66 ug/g D.W., respectively. The investigation of the degree of variation regarding phenotypic traits and biochemical revealed adaptive stable and highly variable use of trait collection.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.340-345
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• 2017

Carrot leaves have many nutrients as well as roots, which will increase the demand for carrot leaves in the future. This study was carried out by dividing into two stages: high temperature and low temperature periods, in order to investigate the possibility of cultivation of carrot leaves and the composition and EC of the nutrient solution for growth and quality of carrot leaves. Composition of nutrient solution($NO_3-N:16.0$, $NH_4-N:1.0$, P: 1.0, K: 11.0, Ca: 2.0, Mg: 1.0, $SO_4-S:1.0mM{\cdot}L^{-1}$) developed by analysis of plant. In the high temperature range (From June $29^{th}$ to Sep. $8^{th}$, 2016), the concentration of the developed nutrient solution (JNU) were 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and $4.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and the concentration of nutrient solution of Japanese Horticultural Station(JHS) $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ was used for comparison. In the low temperature range (From Dec. $31^{st}$, 2015 to Feb. $29^{th}$, 2016), the concentration of the developed nutrient solution 1.0, 2.0, and $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ were used. Growth was investigated in root fresh and dry weights, shoot fresh and dry weights, leaf number, and leaf area of carrot. In the high temperature range, the leaf area and shoot fresh and dry weights were good at 1.0 and $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The sugar content of the root was the highest at the EC $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, and the chlorophyll content was the highest at the EC $4.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. In the low temperature range, The shoot fresh and dry weights were the highest at EC 1.0 and $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. There was no significant difference in sugar content and chlorophyll content. As a result, from the viewpoint of growth and quality of carrot, it is good to cultivate EC 1.0 and $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in high temperature period and low temperature period, but EC $1.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ is economical perspective such as fertilizer input.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.152-159
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• 1976

This experiment was conducted to select genotypes that were high-yielding and adapted to the soil and weather conditions in Korea, from 13 Fawn deri ved progenies which represented in the previous study. Comparisons were made in various leaf and plant characteristics, and forage productivities, between the 13 polycross progenies of high-yielding Fawn and control varieties including Fawn, Alta, and Kentucky 31. The results obtained were summarized as follow; Genetic differences between the polycross progeny group and the control group were recognized in leaf fresh weight but those between two groups in leaf dry weight were not observed. Leaf area of all derived progenies and control varieties were appeared to have individual genetic differences and, moreover, the leaf area of the polycross progeny group was larger than that of the control. Differences between polycross progeny group and control group in leaf width were not significant. However, leaf length exhibited significant differences among all polycross progenies, and control varieties between two groups, and among polycross progenies but no differences were observed among control varieties. Tiller number, plant height, and plant width of the polycross progeny group were larger than those of the control varieties when measured before and after harvest. Panicle length among all polycross progenies and control varieties showed minor differences. However, significant differences were found between the polycross progeny group and control group, as well as among the polycross progenies and control varieties within each group in culm length. Above characteritics in the leaf fresh and dry weight, area and length, plant width and height, and tiller number showed positive correlations with the forage yields, respectively. Forage yields of the polycross progenies were higher than those of the control varieties and the variation of the yields among the genotypes were great.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.743-748
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• 2008

Amyloid $\beta$ peptide ($A{\beta}$) is known to increase oxidative stress in nerve cells, leading to apoptosis that is characterized by free radical formation and lipid peroxidation. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by large deposits of $A{\beta}$ in the brain. In our study, neuronal protective effects of green tea, along with water activity (0.813), and leaf storage periods (fresh leaf, or leaf stored for up to 4 weeks) were investigated. We measured protective effects against $A{\beta}$-induced cytotoxicity in neuron-like PC12 cells. Powdered green tea was extracted with distilled water at $70^{\circ}C$ for 5 min, and this extract was freeze-dried and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ until use. In cell viability assays using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), the fresh extract, and that obtained after 1 week of leaf storage, showed the best protective effects against $A{\beta}$-induced neurotoxicity. As oxidative stress causes membrane breakdown, the protective effect of green tea extracts was investigated using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and trypan blue exclusion assays. LDH release into the medium was inhibited (by 20-25%) in all tests. In addition, all green tea extracts (fresh, or stored before extraction for up to 4 weeks) showed better cell protective effects ($93.3{\pm}1.8-96.2{\pm}2.4$) than did vitamin C ($91.0{\pm}1.6$), used as a positive control. The results suggest that effectiveness of green tea extracts falls with prolonged leaf storage.