• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Small-cells in heterogeneous networks are one of the important technologies to increase the coverage and capacity in 5G cellular networks. However, due to the randomly arranged small-cells, co-tier and cross-tier interference increase, deteriorating the system performance of the network. In order to manage the interference, some channel management methods use fractional frequency reuse(FFR) that divides the cell coverage into the inner region(IR) and outer region(OR) based on the distance from the macro base station(MBS). However, since it is impossible to properly measure the distance in the method with FFR, we propose a new interference aware FFR(IA-FFR) method to enhance the system performance. That is, the proposed IA-FFR method divides the MUEs and SBSs into the IR and OR groups based on the signal to interference plus noise ratio(SINR) of macro user equipments(MUEs) and received signals strength of small-cell base stations(SBSs) from the MBS, respectively, and then dynamically assigns subchannels to MUEs and small-cell user equipments. As a result, the proposed IA-FFR method outperforms other methods in terms of the system capacity and outage probability.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.186-205
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• 2019

Intercell interference coordination (ICIC) is considered as a promising technique to increase the spectral efficiency of OFDMA cellular systems. The soft frequency reuse (SFR) and fractional frequency reuse (FFR) are representative and efficient management techniques for ICIC. Herein, to enhance the performance of the SFR scheme, we propose a call admission (CAC) scheme. In this CAC scheme, called Spectrum handoff-SFR(S-SFR), the spectrum handoff technique is applied to the user equipment (UE) located near the cell center. We derive the traffic analysis model to describe the S-SFR. In addition, a two-dimensional (2-D) Markov chain and an outage analysis are used in our analytical model. From the traffic analysis, the significant performance measures are the outage probability, call blocking probability, system throughput and resource utilization. Based on those, the outage probability and system throughput are obtained using resource utilization as an interference pattern. The analytical results are verified with computer simulation results. Finally, we compare our proposed scheme with other ICI schemes.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.345-354
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• 2024

The bit walk-off effect caused by fiber dispersion and carrier reuse in the base station (BS) are two key problems in radio-over-fiber (ROF) systems. In this paper, a novel frequency-octupling ROF system based on the Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) is proposed, which can overcome the bit walk-off effect and realize carrier reuse by inserting pilot signals. Theoretical analysis and simulation verification of the system are carried out. Under the condition of a Q factor greater than 6, the optical fiber transmission distance of the upper and lower links is more than 290 km and 80 km, respectively. The influence of the main device parameters of the system on the Q factor is analyzed when they deviate from their designed values. The system designed in this paper can not only effectively overcome the bit walk-off effect, but also solve the problem of downlink performance degradation and the limitation of tunability caused by conventional carrier reuse in ROF. The system can greatly increase the transmission distance and improve the performance of the system and has an important application prospect in ROF.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.810-826
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to analyze the effects of the experience realms (entertainment, educational, escapist, and esthetic) of augmented fashion reality applications on consumers' pleasure, satisfaction, intention of reuse, and purchase intention. This study is based on the survey subjecting those who have an iPhone. A total of 207 questionnaires were processed in analysis. Descriptive analysis, frequency analysis, reliability analysis and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS ver. 18.0. The results are as follows. First, entertainment and esthetic experience positively influenced consumers' pleasure. Second, entertainment, educational and esthetic experience positively influenced satisfaction. Third, pleasure positively affected satisfaction. Forth, both pleasure and satisfaction positively influenced intention of reuse and purchase intention. Fifth, there were significant differences in the effects of the experience realms of augmented fashion reality applications on pleasure, satisfaction, intention of reuse, and purchase intention by gender. In conclusion, pleasure and satisfaction that influence reuse intention and purchase intention were influenced by the experience realms. When consumers feel satisfaction and pleasure in experience realms of augmented fashion reality applications, they are more likely to reuse of an augmented reality fashion application, and to purchase the products consumers were implementing an augmented reality fashion application for.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2006

In cellular mobile communications, how to achieve optimum system capacity with limited frequency spectrum is one of the main research issues. Many dynamic channel assignment (DCA) schemes have been proposed and studied to allocate the channels more efficiently, thus, the capacity of cellular systems is improved. Reuse partitioning (RP) is another technique to achieve higher capacity by reducing the overall reuse distance. In this paper, we present a network-based DCA scheme with the implementation of RP technique, namely dynamic reuse partitioning with interference information (DRP-WI). The scheme aims to minimize the effect of assigned channels on the availability of channels for use in the interfering cells and to reduce their overall reuse distances. The performance of DRP-WI is measured in terms of blocking probability and system capacity. Simulation results have confirmed the effectiveness of DRP-WI scheme. Under both uniform and non-uniform traffic distributions, DRP-WI exhibits outstanding performance in improving the system capacity. It can provide about 100% capacity improvement as compared to conventional fixed channel assignment scheme with 70 system channels.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권5A호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2009

최근 이동 통신 네트워크는 2G에서 3G로 이동하고 있으며 주파수의 효율성을 추구하고자 한다. 인지 무선 통신(Cognitive radio) 기술은 secondary 네트워크와 primary 네트워크의 공존을 허용함으로써 주파수의 효율성을 달성할 수 있는 기술로 떠오르고 있다. 하지만, primary 네트워크의 주파수 재사용율을 고려하지 않는 기존 인지무선 통신 방식은 primary 네트워크와 secondary 네트워크를 포함한 전체 네트워크의 성능을 저하시키게 된다. 본 논문에서는 secondary 네트워크가 primary 네트워크의 파일럿 신호를 감지하여 최적의 가용 주파수를 선택하는 복잡도가 낮은 방식을 제안한다. 그리고, primary 네트워크의 간섭을 최소화하는 제약조건을 가지면서 업링크와 다운링크의 용량을 최대화하는 최적화 문제를 고려한다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안방법과 기존방법의 성능을 비교하였으며, 제안방법이 기존방법보다 primary 네트워크의 주파수 재사용율이 작고 채널 사용 변화가 심할 때 특히 우수한 성능을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37A권12호
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• pp.1093-1105
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 3-Cell 간섭 환경에서의 하향링크 MU-MIMO를 위한 간섭 공간 재활용 기술 (ISR)과 그 적용방안을 제시한다. 멀티 셀 간섭환경의 셀 경계 사용자들의 안정적인 통신을 위해서는 효율적인 간섭 관리가 필요하다. 하지만 셀 중심부의 사용자들의 경우 간섭의 영향을 적게 받으며 적은 전송 전력으로도 안정적인 통신이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 셀 경계 사용자의 간섭 공간을 재사용하여 셀 중심부 사용자에게 서비스를 제공하는 ISR 기반 전송 신호 설계 방법을 제시한다. ISR 방식은 간섭정렬(IA)과 결합된 부분적 주파수 재활용 (fractional frequency reuse : FFR) 방식과 비교하여 볼 때 셀 중심 사용자와 셀 경계 사용자에 대한 scheduling에 따라 전체 네트워크 데이터 전송용량 측면에서 20%의 성능 향상을 보이며 또한 셀 중심 사용자의 서비스 품질 (QoS) 요구조건이 고정되어 있는 경우 ISR 방식에 의해 기지국에서의 전송 신호 벡터를 설계함으로서 셀 경계 사용자의 데이터 전송 용량을 증가시킬 수 있다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37A권10호
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• pp.885-894
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• 2012

최근 스마트 단말의 보급으로 데이터 트래픽에 대한 수요가 급증하고 있어 한정된 자원을 가진 기지국이 수용하기에는 많은 어려움이 따른다. 이러한 해결책으로 셀 또는 서로 인접한 셀 내의 단말들이 서로간에 기지국을 거치지 않고 디바이스간 직접적인 통신(D2D, Device-to-Device)을 통해 기지국의 과부하를 줄이고 주파수 부족 현상을 완화시킬 수 있는 방안이 제안되고 있다. 하지만 LTE-Advanced 시스템 내에서 셀룰러 링크와 무선 자원을 공유하는 D2D 링크는 자신이 속한 셀룰러 네트워크에 심각한 간섭을 줄 가능성이 높기 때문에 간섭을 제거하거나 완화시킬 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 셀룰러 링크와 D2D 링크가 자신의 간섭을 최소화하는 SFR(Soft Frequency Reuse) 기반 자원할당과 전송전력 조절 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법의 성능검증을 위해 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 결과를 통하여 신호대 잡음비(SINR, Signal to Noise Ratio)와 시스템 평균 전송량(Throughput)에서 성능 이득을 가짐을 보였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권5A호
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• pp.414-420
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 OFDMA 기반 relay 시스템에서 throughput 성능개선을 위한, Base Station (BS)과 Relay Station (RS)의 sub-cell 커버리지 설정기법을 제안한다. Relay 시스템에서는 BS-RS 링크에서 무선 자원을 추가로 소비하므로, RS간 자원의 재사용을 고려하면 자원의 효과적 사용이 가능하다. 그러나, 이때 신호의 간섭이 증가하므로 단말기의 수신 Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR)에 영향을 미치게 된다. 그리므로 본 연구에서는 자원 재사용 정도에 따른 사용가능 자원의 증가를 수신 SINR과 함께 sub-cell 커버리지 결정의 요인으로 함께 고려한다. 모의실험을 통한 결과분석을 통해 throughput 성능을 개선할 수 있는 sub-cell 커버리지를, 다양한 자원재사용 패턴에 따라 도출하였다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2003

Purposes : The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation among Expectations, Performance-Perception, Willingness of reuse of hospital. Methods : The subjects of this study were 120 patients who were admitted in the hospitals over 1 week in Pusan. The data was collected by self-reporting questionnaires from Oct. 16th, to Nov. 5th, 2001. The data were analysed by SPSS/PC package using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results : The results were as follows; 1) The mean score of Expectation was 3 and over. The highest item was 'equal treatment' and the lowest was 'safety in transaction'. 2) The mean score of Performance-Perception was 4 and under. The highest item was 'nurse' attractive appearance' and the lowest was 'equal treatment', 'kindness and etiquette'. 3) The mean score of Willingness of reuse was 3.11. 4) There was a statistical significance of the difference between Expectations and Performance-Perception. The highest difference item was 'equal treatment', and then the lowest difference item was 'working environment arrangement/order'. 5) There were statistically significant positive correlation among Expectations, Performance-Perception, and Willingness of reuse. The highest correlation was 0.89 between Performance-Perception and Willingness of reuse. Conclusions : Nursing managers have to develop nurse training programs for improving of patient's performance perception on nursing service.