• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.250-260
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• 2018

A pressure wave created by the photoacoustic effect is affected by the medium and by laser parameters. The effect of these parameters on the generated pressure wave can be seen by solving the photoacoustic wave equation. These solutions which are examined in the time domain and the frequency domain should be considered by researchers in acoustic sensor design. In particular, frequency domain analysis contains significant information for designing the sensor. The most important part of this information is the determination of the operating frequency of the sensor. In this work, the laser parameters to excite the medium, and the acoustic signal parameters created by the medium are analyzed. For the first time, we have obtained solutions for situations which have no frequency domain solutions in the literature. The main focal point in this work is that the frequency domain solutions of the acoustic wave equation are performed and the effects of the frequency analysis of the related parameters are shown comparatively from the viewpoint of using them in acoustic sensor designs.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2003

In this paper, we investigated the degree of compensation for distorted optical pulse of wavelength division multiplexed(WDM) channel with initial frequency chirp generated in optical transmitter. The WDM channel signal distortion is due to chromatic dispersion, self phase modulation(SPM) and cross phase modulation(XPM) in fiber. The considered system is 3 ${\times}$ 40 Gbps intensity modulation direct detection(IM/DD) WDM transmission systems, which adopted mid-span spectral inversion(MSSI) as compensation method. We confirmed that the effect of initial frequency chirp on compensation for signal distortion due to a SPM is gradually decreased as a dispersion coefficient of fiber becomes gradually small. But, in the aspect of a compensation for signal distortion due to both SPM and XPM, the effect of initial frequency chirp on compensation is gradually decreased as a dispersion coefficient of fiber becomes gradually large.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.169-185
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• 2012

The concrete bridge is likely to produce fatigue cracks during long period of service due to the moving vehicular loads and the degeneration of materials. This paper deals with the time-frequency analysis of a coupled bridge-vehicle system. The bridge is modeled as an Euler beam with breathing cracks. The vehicle is represented by a two-axle vehicle model. The equation of motion of the coupled bridge-vehicle system is established using the finite element method, and the Newmark direct integration method is adopted to calculate the dynamic responses of the system. The effect of breathing cracks on the dynamic responses of the bridge is investigated. The time-frequency characteristics of the responses are analyzed using both the Hilbert-Huang transform and wavelet transform. The results of time-frequency analysis indicate that complicated non-linear and non-stationary features will appear due to the breathing effect of the cracks.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4E
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• pp.108-111
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• 2004

This paper has interest in the effect of a fine frequency offset, defined in ITU-T G.225, to the training performance of an adaptive equalizer. This paper uses Hilbert filter in configuring a transmission system model in order to let it get a frequency offset. Also additive white Gaussian noise and band-limited filter are considered. The signal received from the above transmission system applies to an adaptive equalizer with LMS algorithm, and its training procedures are investigated. As a result, we could find that even small fine frequency offset can severely deteriorate training performance of adaptive algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1985

The effect of calcining temperature on planar coupling factor Kp resonance and antiresonance frequency of $Pb(Z_{0.53}Ti_{0.47})O_3$ doped with $Nb_2O_5$ has been investigated. The calcining temperature ranged from $700^{\circ}C$ to 110$0^{\circ}C$ The calcining temperature affected on antiresonance frequency more strongly than the resonance frequency. Therefore the Kp was almost entirely dependent upon the antiresonance frequency. The p and antiresonance frequency of the sample in creased with the calcining temperature reaching a maximum at about 90$0^{\circ}C$ When a poling electric field of 35KV/cm was applied to the sample calcined at 90$0^{\circ}C$ and sintered for two hours at 120$0^{\circ}C$ Kp attained a maximum value of 0.64 which is in good agreement with the results of other investigators.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.1110-1115
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• 2004

Acoustic behavior in gas turbine combustor with acoustic resonator is investigated numerically by adopting linear acoustic analysis. Helmholtz-type resonator is employed as acoustic resonator to suppress acoustic instability passively. The tuning frequency of acoustic resonator is adjusted by varying its length. Through harmonic analysis, acoustic-pressure responses of chamber to acoustic excitation are obtained and the resonant acoustic modes are identified. Acoustic damping effect of acoustic resonator is quantified by damping factor. As the tuning frequency of acoustic resonator approaches the target frequency of the resonant mode to be suppressed, mode split from the original resonant mode to lower and upper modes appears and thereby complex patterns of acoustic responses show up. Considering mode split and damping effect as a function of tuning frequency, it is desirable to make acoustic resonator tuned to broad-band frequencies near the maximum frequency of those of the possible upper modes.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.1386-1392
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• 2009

An analysis is presented for super-high-speed optical demodulation by an avalanche photodiode(APD) with electric mixing. A normalized gain is defined to evaluate the performance of the optical mixing detection. Unlike previous work, we include the effect of the nonlinear variation of the APD capacitance with bias voltage as well as the effect of parasitic and amplifier input capacitance. As a results, the normalized gain is dependent on the signal frequency and the frequency difference between the signal and the local oscillator frequency. However, the current through the equivalent resistance of the APD is almost independent of signal frequency. The mixing output is mainly attributed to the nonlinearity of the multiplication factor. We show also that there is an optimal local oscillator voltage at which the normalized gain is maximized for a given avalanche photodiode.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.299-302
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• 2011

In this letter, the effect of quality factor on center frequency deviation in miniaturized coupled line bandpass filter (BPF) with diagonally end-shorted at their opposite sides and lumped capacitors is theoretically analyzed. The miniaturized BPF of a two-stage structure with two types of quality factors in standard CMOS process was designed and manufactured at 5.5 GHz. The die area of BPF was $1.44{\times}0.41\;mm^2$. The measured center frequency of BPF with a quality factor of 4.9 was deviated from 5.5 GHz to 4.7 GHz. The one with 14.8 was shifted to 5GHz. The theoretical and measured results validate that quality factor influences the center frequency shift of BPF.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.785-790
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• 2000

The resonant frequency of a gas-filled cylindrical Helmholtz resonator in a liquid is obtained analytically. The equation of motion of the resonator is derived by using the condition of equilibrium of forces acting on the mass in the neck of the resonator. The reaction force on the upper side of the cylinder due to the acceleration of external fluid and sound radiation is obtained by using the analytical results for the baffled circular-piston problem. From the frequency response function of the resonator, a formula to predict the resonant frequency of the resonator is derived. It is shown that the resonant frequency of the Helmholtz resonator significantly decreases due to the cushioning effect of gas inside the cavity. Therefore, when a pressure transducer is to be installed in a pin-hole type mounting method, much care should be paid to remove the gas from the cavity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.975-979
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• 1994

The experimental and finite element studies of a coaxial cylindrical shell filled with liquid in the annular gap were performed to understand its vibration characteristics. Finite element analysis was achieved by using ANSYS code. Form the investigation of the changing trend of natural frequencies for the change of annular gap we know that the natural frequency of the coaxial cylindrical shell varies according to the mode shape. that is, in case of in-phase mode the natural frequency decrease as annular gap increase, but in case of out-of-phase mode the natural frequency increase. Finite element analysis results show the excellent agreement with the experimental results both in air and in water case, so that analysis on other cases with be possible without experiment.