• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.329-336
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• 2002

The earth structures and in-ground LNG tank, and buildings can be constructed with using artificial freezing method on the reclaimed land. In this study, upon freezing a saturated soil in a closed-system from the top, a considerable pressure was developed. The pressure is the result of the surface energy of a curved ice-water interface. The most significant of these parameters will have the greatest effect on the classification. In order to establish frost-susceptibility criteria based on frost heaving expansion pressure, more soils have to be tested. This study was initiated to investigate the soils frost heaving expansion pressure and moisture characteristics resulting from freezing and freezing-thawing cycle process. Weathered granite soils, sandy soil, sandy soil were used in the laboratory freezing test subjected to thermal gradients under closed- systems.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.322-327
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• 2000

For the stable production of high quality tea, the freezing resistance is a very important character. Most of the farmers have planted out-pollinated seeds that are not genetically pure. So, with small sample, a quick and simple method is required to test freezing resistance of lots of germ-plasm and early generation of hybrids. The absorbances(A530 nm) of TTC reduction solution at -5$^{\circ}C$ were positively correlated with resistance to photoinhibition of PSII in 6 hour photoinhibitory treatments, being significantly fitted by simple linear regression ($R^2$=${0.64}^{**}$). Chlorophyll fluorescence measured by Fv/Fm was found to be very useful in evaluating the relative levels of freezing resistance in tea.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.543-550
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• 2000

Rock slopes along the road or railroad are affected by temperature and therefore experienced iterative freezing-thawing process between winter and early spring. The purpose of this study is to analyze the stability of rock slopes which are influenced by the deterioration due to the freezing-thawing. The analysis is the homogenization method which evaluates the strength property of discontinuous rock mass, and as a strength failure criterion, Drucker-Prager failure criterion is used. The deterioration property of real rock is obtained by a freezing-thawing laboratory test of tuff and this property of deterioration is quantitated and used as a basic data of stability analysis for rock mass. To evaluate the deterioration depth due to the freezing-thawing in situ rock slope, one dimensional heat conductivity equation is used and as the result I can find that the depth of which is affected by a temperature. After the freezing-thawing depth of model slope is determined, we analyze the pattern of rock mass stength value of rock slope model which excesses the limit of self-load.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.225-228
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• 2005

This paper was accomplished for analyzing the reason of the above deterioration happened on the deck of concrete bridge. The bridge was constructed at 660m above the sea level having more freezing and snowing days. Therefore, it is placed on the particular condition sprinkling $CaCl_2$ enough for keeping up with moderate traffic condition. When it is considered to the former condition, the bridge can be assumed to potentialities for combined deterioration with freezing-thawing under sprinkling deicing chemical. Core specimens were gathered from the concrete deck for clearing the reason of the above deterioration exactly, and it is used for various tests for measuring the compressive strength, elastic modulus, content of $Cl^-$, freezing-thawing at the fresh and salt water. As a result of freezing-thawing test, the specimen at the fresh water has over 90$\%$ of durability factor, but another specimen at 1$\%$ of salt water has 0$\%$ of durability factor at 140 cycles of the freezing-thawing. The result means that frost damage is sccelerated at the salt water. Therefore, the deterioration of the concrete deck is estimated to be occured by combined effects of freezing-thawing and chloride ion attack.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.366-372
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• 2001

The ice plugging process consists of placing liquid nitrogen around a pipe and removing heat until the water in the pipe freezes and provides a solid plug or seal against fluid movement. This technique enables us to repair or inspect a pipe system without shutdown of entire system. A set of test apparatus for investigation of the liquid freezing phenomena during ice plugging is prepared. This study shows the characteristics of the liquid freezing and the heat transfer with various pipe and freezing jacket conditions. And in case there is flow of the fluid inside the pipe, the flow rate which can be able to form the ice plug is identified with the effect of the pipe diameter and freezing jacket length on the plug formation. The permissible maximum flow rate for the complete plug formation is approximately proportional to the freezing jacket length at the same pipe diameter condition.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1994년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.205-210
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• 1994

This study was conducted to evaluate performance of asphalt concretes under various densities, using Marshall specimens before and after freezing-and-thawing treatment. Six different compaction blows per side (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 blows) were applied to specimens to produce different densities. Test results showed that the lower density specimens had the weaker resistance to freezing-and-thawing treatment. The density was an index of retaining fatigue life and displacement after freezing-and-thawing. Therefore, poor compaction in pavement was considered to be a major cause of early distress mechanisms such as rutting, ravelling and cracking, which were resulted in a reduced service life.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2021

콘크리트 구조물은 외부 극한기후환경에 노출 될 경우 공용년수가 증가할수록 다양한 문제점들이 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 문제들 중 최근 가장 문제가 되고 있는 폭우, 폭설과 같은 극한 기후요소의 작용으로 동결융해 현상이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 서울의 경우, 동결융해가 발생하는 기간 동안에 매우 건조한 날씨를 나타내기 때문에 KS F 2456 를 참고하여 콘크리트의 기중 급속 동결 융해 시험법을 제시하였다. 콘크리트 공시체 및 철근콘크리트 휨 부재를 제작하여 0, 100, 200, 300 사이클의 기중 급속 동결 융해를 수행하였으며 성능 평가를 통해 각 실험체의 재료 및 부재 단위에서의 성능 저하를 확인하였다. 300사이클까지 기중 급속 동결 융해를 수행한 설계 강도 24 MPa의 콘크리트 압축 강도는 5.24 MPa(21%) 만큼 감소하며, 기중 급속 동결 융해가 진행될수록 콘크리트의 재료적 강도 감소에 의해 철근콘크리트 휨 부재의 철근의 응력 부담이 증가되어 지진과 같은 외력 발생에 따른 구조물의 에너지 흡수(소산) 능력이 감소한다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2008년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.227-233
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• 2008

Porous concrete has large continuous voids of 20-30 % by volume, and this concrete is attractive as environmental material in Japan i.e. permeable road pavement, river bank protection with vegetation and green roof system which influence thermal environment. It is necessary to confirm the frost resistance when constructing porous concrete structure in cold region. However applicable test method and evaluation criterion of porous concrete has not defined yet. Therefore, the object of this study is to investigate the frost resistance of porous concrete and this investigation attempts to address this concern by comparing 4 kinds of specified freezing and thawing tests methods (JIS A1148 procedure A/B and RILEM CIF/CDF test) in consideration of actual environment. RILEM freeze-thaw tests are different from JIS A1148 freeze-thaw tests, which are widely adopted for evaluating the frost resistance of conventional concrete in Japan, in water absorption, cooling rate, length of freezing and thawing period, and number of freezing and thawing cycles. RILEM CIF test measures internal damage and is primarily applicable for pure frost attack. CDF test is appropriate for freeze-thaw and de-icing salt attack. JIS A1148 procedure A/B showed extremely low frost resistance of porous concrete if the large continuous voids were filled with water and the ice expansion in the large continuous voids set in during cooling. Frost resistance of porous concrete was improved by mixing coarse aggregate (G7) which particle size is smaller and fine aggregate in JIS freezing and thawing tests. RILEM CIF/CDF test showed that freeze-thaw and de-icing resistance of porous concrete was seems to be superior in that of conventional concrete.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.529-536
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 동결융해 작용을 받는 철근콘크리트 압축부재의 내구성 증진 효과를 알아보기 위하여 DFRCC(고인성 섬유 시멘트 복합재료)와 탄소섬유시트를 사용하여 보수·보강을 실시한 철근콘크리트 기둥을 대상으로 동결융해시험을 실시하여 압축강도 및 동탄성계수를 측정하고 비교 평가한 실험적 연구결과를 제시하였다. 이를 위해 100x100x400mm 크기의 기둥형 부재를 총 24개 제작하여 KS F 2456 및 KS F 2453에 따른 동결융해시험과 압축강도 시험을 각각 실시하였다. 부재단면에 4D10의 압축철근을 배치하였으며, 보수보강은 부재의 4면에 각각 실시하였다. 동결융해시험에서는 100, 200, 300Cycle의 각 세단계마다 동탄성계수를 산정하였다. 실험결과, 압축강도에서는 섬유시트를 사용한 경우가 DFRCC의 경우보다 약 5% 정도 큰 양상을 보였으며, 동탄성계수에서는 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 이는 공시체 크기에 비해 상대적으로 철근양이 많이 배근되어 간섭을 일으킨 것으로 추정되며, 실제 노후화된 기둥부재의 보수보강을 통한 실질적이고 추가적인 연구와 실험이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2010

겨울에는 시베리아기단의 영향으로 한랭 건조한 대륙성 고기압의 영향을 받아 춥고 건조하여 1월 평균기온이 $-6{\sim}-7^{\circ}C$의 영하의 온도로 낮아져 지반동결시 수분이동으로 동상현상이 발생하여 도로의 불균형 동결팽창을 초래하며, 결국 포장체를 파손시킨다. 동상발생시 토립자는 모관력에 의해 지하수를 흡수하여 아이스렌즈를 형성하며, 이 모관 흡수력은 토립자의 크기에 영향을 받는다. 도로는 다양한 재료와 단면으로 구성된 구조물이기 때문에 환경성과 재료 물성뿐만 아니라 포장체 각 층의 구조적 적정성 또는 지지력을 파악하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 현재 기존 동상방지층 설계법에 따르면, 동상방지층은 포장체의 구조적 적정성과는 무관하게 온도 조건에 따른 동결깊이에 따라 일률적으로 결정되고 있다. 이러한 동결깊이를 포장구조설계에 적용함으로써 포장의 과다설계 우려가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 도로 동상방지층의 효용성 검증 및 설치기준 확립을 위해 실내동결시스템을 활용하여 도로 노상토의 동상 특성에 대한 민감성을 판별, 도로건설 현장 노상토에 대한 역학적 특성과 실내 동결 시험을 수행하였으며, 외부 동결온도의 지속 조건에 대한 시료의 온도변화, 동상팽창압, 동상팽창량, 부동수분 등의 결과값을 통하여 동결 과정에 따른 지반공학적 특성을 평가하였다.