• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.595-601
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• 2016

현재 건축구조물에 사용되는 단열재의 단열성능은 초기성능을 기준으로 설계 시에만 반영하고 있으며, 장기 내구성 저하에 따른 단열성능 감소는 반영되고 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 가속내구성 시험을 통해 단열재의 내구성 저하에 따른 단열성능 저하를 검토하였다. 연구결과, 발포폴리스티렌 단열재 비드법의 경우 표준환경 조건 및 실험실 가속 시험 조건에서는 경시변화에 따른 성능저하가 나타나지 않았으나, 동결 융해 시험 조건에는 성능이 저하하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 압출법의 경우 동결 융해 시험 조건에서는 단열성능 저하가 작았지만, 경시변화 초기에 내부 가스의 방출로 급격한 성능저하를 나타내었다. 또한, 경질 폴리우레탄 폼 단열재의 경우 다른 단열재에 비해 초기 단열성능이 매우 뛰어났으나, 실험실 가속 시험조건 및 동결 융해 시험 조건에서는 성능이 다소 저하하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 지질공학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2015

지반은 동결이 발생함에 따라 물리적 특성이 변화하며, 동결현상에 따른 기초구조물의 안정성 평가는 설계시 중요한 고려사항 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 동결 및 전단과정 중 연직응력 변화에 따른 동결토의 전단강도 및 강성을 평가하고자 하였다. 동결토의 강도평가를 위하여 직접전단실험을 수행하였으며, 직접전단실험 중 강성평가를 위한 전단파 측정을 동시에 수행하였다. 실험수행을 위하여, 동결용 직접전단상자를 제작하였으며, 상·하부 전단상자의 벽면에는 전단파 트랜스듀서인 벤더 엘리먼트를 각각 설치하였다. 시료는 주문진사 및 실트, 그리고 증류수를 이용하여 포화도 10%로 혼합하였으며, 상대밀도가 모든 조건에서 동일하게 유지되도록 조성하였다. 조성된 시료는 -5℃까지 동결을 진행시킨 후, 온도를 유지한 상태로 직접전단실험을 수행하였다. 동결 및 전단과정 중 시료에는 다양한 크기의 연직응력이 가해졌으며, 전단과정 중 수평변위에 따른 전단응력 및 수직변위, 그리고 전단파를 측정하였다. 실험결과, 모든 구속조건의 경우에서 동결 혹은 전단과정의 연직응력이 증가함에 따라 전단강도는 증가하였으며, 전단과정의 연직응력만 증가한 경우보다 동결과정의 연직응력도 함께 증가한 경우 전단강도가 더 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 전단파 속도의 변화는 측정위치에 따라 다른 경향을 보였으며, 전단면을 통과하여 측정한 경우 전단파 속도는 전단변형이 진행됨에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 동결 및 전단과정 시 구속조건의 효과를 평가한 연구로써, 포화도가 낮은 상태의 동결토의 강도 및 강성에 대한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.283-286
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• 2005

Recently, the deterioration of concrete structures have been increased by the damage from salt, carbonization, freezing & thawing and the others. Reinforcement corrosion is the principal cause of deterioration of reinforced concrete. Unfortunately, full bond is assumed in all existing shear models, a condition which is often not fulfilled when assessing damaged structures. It is therefore very important to increase the understanding of how reduced bond influences the load carying capacity particularly for shear. Therefore in this study an equation is proposed to evaluate the residual shear strength considered deterioration.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1997년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.416-421
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate durability of high-strength light-weight aggregate concretes which are increasingly demanded recently. Two different artificial light-weight aggregates were used and two levels of high-strength concretes were made using w/c of 33% and 37% for target strength of 500kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 400kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively. Cylinder specimens($\phi$=10cm and h=20cm) were made and treated with freezing-and-thawing(F/T) cycle at $-18^{\cire}C$ and $4^{\cire}C$. Dynamic modulus of elasticity and surface condition were evaluated with F/T cycle increase. The results showed that durability of the light-weight aggregate concretes was worse than that of conventional concrete, and the light-weight high-strength concrete with w/c=37% had the better durability than the one with w/c=33%.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.645-650
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to provide the optimum mix design of cold weather concrete to be placed at the foundation structures in substation. The basic performance tests including slump and slump flow, air content, compressive strength and freezing & thawing resistance were conducted for cold weather concrete by varying with W/C ratios such as 40%, 50% and 60% and air contents such as 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%. The effect on durability of concrete corresponding to the increasing amount of air content and W/C ratio was evaluated and the optimum mix design was recommended. From this study, the concrete mix design containing 6% of air content and 45% of W/C ratio is recommended for the foundation concrete of substation.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2016

There are many reasons of damage in Namhansanseong Yeojang. Lots of damage types are observed in each Yeojang. There are many types of damage factors but major damage factor is breakage by freezing and thawing. So Conduct non-destructive evaluation about damage factors in Namhansanseong Yeojang to analysis weathering factors in Yeojang by measuring directional microclimate. The study will pave the way for conservation management in Namhansanseong by suggesting the conservation calendar about weather condition and damage factors.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.1207-1218
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• 1990

The lack of persistent excitation (PE) can be the reason of freezing in the recursive least square estimators and the covariance windup in the exponential weighted least square estimators. We present a theoretical analysis of these phenomena and a simple method to check the exciting condition in real time. Using these results and under some conditions such as slowly time varying Plant and a tracking problem for set point, a robust self-tuning regulators without PE is proposed. In this algorithm, when PE is not satisfied, only plant gain is estimated, and then the system parameters are corrected by it. It is shown that the gain adaptive scheme makes the robustness to be improved against modeling error, off-set, and correlated noise etc, by the results of analysis and simulations.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2001

In this study, the admixtures for agents for enduring cold weather used widely are collected and applied to cement mortar to analyze the strength development due to variation of curing temperature at early age. The test results show that anti-freezing admixture have some problems due to high chloride content, which may cause the corrosion of reinforcement embedded in concrete. However, the mortar applied by accelerator and another kind of agent for enduring cold weather produced by S company lead to delay of strength development in low temperature. Also, it is clarified that there are no significant problems for cement mortar in strength development due to low temperature if a suitable kind of agent enduring cold weather is used and cement mortar is cured for more than $7.5^{\circ}D.D$ at early age.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.925-931
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• 2000

Refrigerating ability of vapor compression refrigerator is decided by the harmonic work of it's components such as compressor, condenser, evaporator, expansion device, and so on. In this study, choosing refrigerant injectors as a new one of expansion device, temperature change of the cold room, ice freezing ability, and power consumption on flowrate of injector and refrigerant charging condition are evaluated experimentally. As the results of this study, it is verified that the spray injection type refrigeration system has some merits according to the flowrate and spray pattern of injector and charging quantum of refrigerant. And there are some design factors such as spray pattern and shape of spray chamber to utilize and fabricate this refrigerant injection type refrigerator.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.580-586
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• 2008

Icing cloud generation system was developed to perform the in-flight icing simulation test for T-50 Supersonic Jet Trainer on the ground. The developed system successfully generated the almost natural icing cloud in the super-cooled state (liquid state) below freezing point and with the required LWC (Liquid Water Content). For full-scale aircraft icing test, an icing scaling method was adopted due to the limitation of wind generation speed with open-circuit type blower and its applicability was experimentally verified. Under the required in-flight icing condition based on the icing scaling method, T-50 aircraft subsystems were successfully operated and functionally checked.