• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2008

We developed a three dimensional Navier-Stokes code based on the level set method to simulate two phase flows with high density ratio. The Navier-Stokes equations with consideration of the surface tension effects are solved by using SIMPLE algorithm on a non-staggered grid. The present code is validated by simulating two test problems. First one is to simulate a rising bubble inside a cube. The thickness of the interface of the bubble is shown to affect the pressure distribution around the interface. As the thickness decreases, the pressure field around the interface becomes more oscillatory. As the bubble rises, a ring vortex is shown to form around the interface and the bubble eventually develops into an ellipsoidal shape. Merge of two bubbles inside a container is secondly tested to show the robustness of the present code for two phase flow simulation. Numerical results show stable and reliable behavior during the process of merging of two bubbles. The velocity and pressure fields around the interface of bubbles are shown oscillation free during the merging of two bubbles.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2005

4H-SiC planar MESFETs were fabricated using ion-implantation on semi-insulating substrate without recess gate etching. A modified RCA method was used to clean the substrate before each procedure. A thin, thermal oxide layer was grown to passivate the surface and then a thick field oxide was deposited by CVD. The fabricated MESFET showed good contact properties and DC/RF performances. The maximum oscillation frequency of 34 GHz and the cut-off frequency of 9.3 GHz were obtained. The power gain was 10.1 dB and the output power of 1.4 W was obtained for 1 mm-gate length device at 2 GHz. The fabricated MESFETs showed the charge trapping-free characteristics and were characterized by the extracted small-signal equivalent circuit parameters.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.114-131
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• 1992

본 논문은 2차원 자유표면파문제에서 시간영역해법을 이용하여 2차원 운동문제에 적용할 수 있는 수치해석을 하였다. 경계조건으로는 엄밀한 물체표면 경계조건과 비선형 자유표면경계 조건을 부과했다. 수치해를 구하는데는 코시이론을 이용하여 제2종 프레드흘름 경계적분방정식을 도출하고 이를 이산화시켜 처리하였다. 수치계산을 위해 전영역을 유한한 영역으로 제한하여야 한다. 제한된 영역에서 방사해의 부과를 위해 전영역을 수치해석영역과 외부영역으로 나누고, 외부영역의 해는 그린 제2정리를 이용하고, 선형자유표면조건을 만족하는 과도그린함수를 사용한다. 위의 그린 제2정리를 이용한 식으로 부터 초기조건, 선형 자유표면조건, 무한원방조건을 이용하여 단순화시킨 다음 포텐셜과 유동함수의 관계식으로 치환하면 비선형해와 정합할 수 있는 정합행렬을 구할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 개발한 정합방법을 이용하여 적용할 문제로서 첫째는 주상체가 상하동요, 수평동요하는 경우 계산이고 두번째로는 수면하에서 타원형실린더가 일정속도로 항진할 때 계산을 수행한 결과를 고차스펙트럴방법과 비교하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2017

선박 및 해양구조물 설계에 있어 롤댐핑에 관한 문제는 유체점성과 현상자체의 비선형성으로 인해 공학자들에게 있어 난제로 남아있다. 본 연구에서는 강제동요방법을 이용하여 원형실린더의 점성 롤감쇠에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 토크 센서를 이용하여 강제동요 시 발생하는 롤모멘트(roll moment)를 강제동요 주기별로 계측하였고 이를 실험식(empirical formula)과 비교 검토 하였다. 점성에 의한 전단력으로부터 계측된 토크의 크기가 상대적으로 작은 값임에도 불구하고 실험식으로부터 얻어진 계산값들과 정성적으로 유사한 결과를 보였고, 일부 주기에서는 정량적으로도 잘 일치하는 결과를 보였다. 또한, PIV 계측기법을 통해 원형실린더 벽면주위의 유동을 면밀히 관찰하였으며, 유체점성으로 인해 원형실린더 벽면근처에서 경계층이 형성되고 자유수면에서 원형실린더의 주기적인 강제회전동요로 인해 미소한 크기의 파가 생성(wave making)됨을 PIV 계측결과의 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 점성 롤감쇠로 인한 실험식의 적합성을 모형시험을 통해 확인하였고, PIV 계측기법을 통해 벽면주위의 유체점성으로 인한 조파현상을 입증하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.176-177
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• 2013

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have attracted the attention of scientists and engineers involved in a wide area of research, microscopy, diagnostics and sensing. SPPs are waves that propagate along the surface of a conductor, usually metals. These are essentially light waves that are trapped on the surface because of their interaction with the free electrons of conductor. In this interaction, the free electrons respond collectively by oscillating in resonance with the light wave. The resonant interaction between the surface charge oscillation and the electromagnetic field of the light constitutes the SPPs and gives rise to its unique properties. In this papers, we studied theoretical and experimental extraordinary transmittance (T) and reflectance (R) of 2 dimensional metal hole array (2D-MHA) on GaAs in consideration of the diffraction orders. The 2d-MHAs was fabricated using ultra-violet photolithography, electron-beam evaporation and standard lift-off process with pitches ranging from 1.8 to $3.2{\mu}m$ and diameter of half of pitch, and was deposited 5-nm thick layer of titanium (Ti) as an adhesion layer and 50-nm thick layer of gold (Au) on the semiinsulating GaAs substrate. We employed both the commercial software (CST Microwave Studio: Computer Simulation Technology GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) based on a finite integration technique (FIT) and a rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) to calculate transmittance and reflectance. The transmittance was measured at a normal incident, and the reflectance was measured at variable incident angle of range between $30^{\circ}{\sim}80^{\circ}$ with a Nicolet Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) spectrometer with a KBr beam splitter and a MCT detector. For MHAs of pitch (P), the peaks ${\lambda}$ max in the normal incidence transmittance spectra can be indentified approximately from SP dispersion relation, that is frequency-dependent SP wave vector (ksp). Shown in Fig. 1 is the transmission of P=2.2 um sample at normal incidence. We attribute the observation to be a result of FTIR system may be able to collect the transmitted light with higher diffraction order than 0th order. This is confirmed by calculations: for the MHAs, diffraction efficiency in (0, 0) diffracted orders is lower than in the (${\pm}x$, ${\pm}y$) diffracted orders. To further investigate the result, we calculated the angular dependent transmission of P=2.2 um sample (Fig. 2). The incident angle varies from 30o to 70o with a 10o increment. We also found the splitting character on reflectance measurement. The splitting effect is considered a results of SPPs assisted diffraction process by oblique incidence.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.86-97
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• 1993

수치방법은 포텐셜 유동의 가정하에서 Semi-Lagrangian 기법을 사용하여 2차원 쇄기의 비선형운동과 축대칭 물체의 강제 상하동요 운동에 대해서 개발되었다. 2차원에서 Cauchy 이론은 경계를 따라서 복소포텐셜과 그것의 미분치를 계산하기 위해 적용되었고, 3차원에서 Rankinering 쏘오스가 사용되고 대수방정식을 풀기위해서 그린 제2정리를 이용하였다. 해는 완전한 사유표면 조건을 수치적분함으로서 시간전진시킨다. 수치계산 예는 정속도로 입수하는 쇄기형 주상체와 정지 상태로 부터 강제상하동요하는 문제를 택하였다. 쇄기입수 문제는 Chapman [4], Kim[11]의 계산결과와 비교된다. 위에서 적용된 기법을 이용하여 구한 시간영역에서 힘을 Fourier 변환함으로서 부가질량계수, 감쇄계수, 2차조화력등이 얻어지고 Yamashita[5]의 실험치와 비교된다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1915-1920
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• 2004

An edge tone is the discrete tone or narrow-band sound produced by an oscillating free shear layer impinging on a rigid surface. In this paper we present a two-dimensional edge tone to predict the frequency characteristics of the discrete oscillations of a jet-edge feedback cycle by the finite difference lattice Boltzmann method. We use a new lattice BGK compressible fluid model that has an additional term and allow larger time increment comparing a conventional FDLB model, and also use a boundary fitted coordinates. The jet is chosen long enough in order to guarantee the parabolic velocity profile of the jet at the outlet, and the edge consists of a wedge with an angle of ${\alpha}=23^{\circ}$ . At a stand-off distance ${\omega}$ , the edge is inserted along the centreline of the jet, and a sinuous instability wave with real frequency f is assumed to be created in the vicinity of the nozzle and to propagate towards the downstream. We have succeeded in capturing very small pressure fluctuations result from periodically oscillation of jet around the edge. That pressure fluctuations propagate with the sound speed. Its interaction with the wedge produces an irrotational feedback field which, near the nozzle exit, is a periodic transverse flow producing the singularities at the nozzle lips.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

An edgetone is the discrete tone or narrow-band sound produced by an oscillating free shear layer, impinging on a rigid surface. In this paper, 2-dimensional edgetone to predict the frequency characteristics of the discrete oscillations of a jet-edge feedback cycle is presented using lattice Boltmznan model with 21 bits, which is introduced a flexible specific heat ratio y to simulate diatomic gases like air. The blown jet is given a parabolic inflow profile for the velocity, and the edges consist of wedges with angle 20 degree (for symmetric wedge) and 23 degree (for inclined wedge), respectively. At a stand-off distance w, the edge is inserted along the centerline of the jet, and a sinuous instability wave with real frequency is assumed to be created in the vicinity of the nozzle exit and to propagate towards the downward. Present results presented have shown in capturing small pressure fluctuating resulting from periodic oscillation of the jet around the edge. The pressure fluctuations propagate with the speed of sound. Their interaction with the wedge produces an irrotational feedback field which, near the nozzle exit, is a periodic transverse flow producing the singularities at the nozzle lips. It is found that, as the numerical example, satisfactory simulation results on the edgetone can be obtained for the complex flow-edge interaction mechanism, demonstrating the capability of the lattice Boltzmann model with flexible specific heat ratio to predict flow-induced noises in the ventilating systems of ship.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.39-45
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• 1982

A floating rig, which has been used to develop the ocean resources has a common characteristics with the catamaran ship that it is composed of the two simple hulls. So the motion responses of the floating rig can be predicted theoretically with the aid of the strip method as those of the catamaran. And for the strip method, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic coefficients are the most important inputs to predict the results accurately. In this report, a theoretical method is proposed for calculating two-dimensional hydrodynamic forces and moments acting upon arbitrary shaped twin-hull cylinders, which are forced to make a heaving, swaying and rolling oscillation about their mean position on the free surface of a finite depth water. The theoretical results by making use of the singularity distribution method are presented. The accuracy of the coefficients was confirmed to be reasonable by the comparison with the Ohkusu's results for two circular cylinders in an infinite depth water. The depth effects on two-dimensional hydrodynamic coefficients for two circular cylinders are also checked. In some range of wave numbers, large differences in the behavior of hydrodynamic coefficients between for a finite depth and for an infinite depth are shown.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.12-12
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• 2010

By using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S), we can make images of various physical properties in nanometer-scale spatial resolutions. Here, I demonstrate imaging of two electron-correlated subjects; screening and superconductivity by STM/S. The electrostatic potential around a charge is described with the Coulomb potential. When the charge is located in a metal, the potential is modified because of the free electrons in the host. The potential modification, called screening, is one of the fundamental phenomena in the condensed matter physics. Using low-temperature STM we have developed a method to measure electrostatic potential in high spatial and energy resolutions, and observed the potential around external charges screened by two-dimensional surface electronic states. Characteristic potential decay and the Friedel oscillation were clearly observed around the charges [1]. Superconductivity of nano-size materials, whose dimensions are comparable with the coherence length, is quite different from their bulk. We investigated superconductivity of ultra-thin Pb islands by directly measuring the superconducting gaps using STM. The obtained tunneling spectra exhibit a variation of zero bias conductance (ZBC) with a magnetic field, and spatial mappings of ZBC revealed the vortex formation [2]. Size dependence of the vortex formation will be discussed at the presentation.