• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1138-1144
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the dipeptide form of phenylalanine as a new source of amino acid in terms of growth performance and whole-body amino acid composition in comparison to the free form for red seabream (Pagrus major). Fish ($1.46{\pm}0.001g$) were fed four isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets containing 0.7 or 1.4% phenylalanine either in free or dipeptide form. A feeding trial was carried out in three replicates and the fish were fed to apparent satiation for six weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, feed intake of fish was influenced by both phenylalanine form and level and significantly higher values were obtained at an inclusion level of 0.7% and by the use of dipeptide form. However, the other growth parameters did not significantly differ among treatments. Whole-body amino acid compositions revealed no significant changes in concentrations of both essential and non-essential amino acids regardless of the increase in phenylalanine levels or the use of its different forms. The finding in this study indicates that juvenile red seabream can utilize dipeptide phenylalanine as efficiently as free form without any undesirable effects on growth performance or whole-body amino acid composition.

• 생약학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.141-150
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• 1985

Lipid and fatty acid compositions of free lipids and bound lipids from fresh ginseng, red ginseng and white ginseng were studied by means of silicic acid column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. Free lipid and bound lipid contents in those three samples were 1.21 to 1.45% and 0.32 to 0.45%. Neutral lipid fractions in free lipids from the samples were 76.6 to 79.7%, while glycolipid and phospholipid fractions were 11.6 to 14.7% and 8.5 to 8.7%, respectively. The major lipids were triglycerides, sterol esters and hydrocarbons, diglycerides and free sterols in neutral lipids, sterol glucoside, monogalactosyl diglyceride, esterified steryl glycoside, digalactosyl diglyceride in glycolipids and phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl inositol in phospholipids. Fourteen kinds of even numbered and four kinds of odd numbered fatty acids were identified in the four lipid fractions (TL, NL, GL and PL) by GLC, and the main fatty acids were linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acid.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

We compared the fermentation of 0 to 4 weeks by manufacturing a rapid low salt-fermented seahorse with a commercial Protamex added to the functional food, Hippocampus abdominalis. We studied amino acid composition, content and major amino acids related to flavor during the fermentation process of salt-fermented seahorse. In the enzyme-free group, it showed little change in the content of non-protein nitrogenous compounds, the content of amino acids and degree of hydrolysis. The Protamex enzyme treatment group was rapidly hydrolyzed in one week of ripening, resulting in increased non-protein nitrogenous compounds content, amino acid content and degree of hydrolysis, and minimal changes in the four weeks. The total amino acid contents ratio showed the highest content of glutamic acid in the enzyme additive group, glycine, alanine, which indicates sweet taste, and serine, the content of glycine, alanine, serine, and lysine, indicating sweet taste, has increased significantly over the enzyme-free group. Twenty species of free amino acid in the four-week of salt-fermented seahorse were detected. It detected 43.0% (6 species) in the enzyme-free group and 63.96% (7 species) in the enzyme additive group.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.106-109
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• 1992

국화과의 일증인 개똥쑥(Artemisia annua L., 청호(靑蒿))에는 항말라리아 물질인 artemisinin이 함유되어 있다. 11,12-Dihydroarteanuic acid는 cell-free 방법으로 수행한 실험에서, Agrobacterium tumefaciens로 형질 전환된 crown gall의 homogenate와의 incubation에서 artemisinin으로 전환되었다. 그러나 arteannuic acid는 NADPH와 함께 incubation하였을 때 dihydro acid로 전환되지 않았다. 따라서 이 결과는 식물체의 조건에 따라서, dihydro acid가 자발적으로 뿐만 아니라, 생체내에서 효소 반응에 의해서도 artemisinin으로 전환될 수 있음을 나타낸다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 1979

김치의 지미성분(旨味成分)에 관해서 분석(分析)하고 멸치젓갈을 첨가(添加)한 경우와 첨가(添加)하지 않은 경우의 차이(差異)를 비교(比較)해 보았다. 김치를 날김치, 숙성(熟成)시킨 김치, 멸치젓갈 10 ml/100 g of cabbage 첨가(添加)하여 숙성(熟成)시킨 김치, 멸치젓갈 15 ml/100 g of cabbage 첨가(添加)하여 숙성(熟成)시킨 김치, 4가지로 구분(區分)하고 Beckman model 116 amino acid autoanalyzer에 의(依)해 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸)을 분석(分析)하였으며 아울러 유리당(遊離糖遊)의 정량(定量)도 병행(竝行)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. (1) 모든 종류(種類)의 김치로부터 lysine, histidine, arginine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, cysteine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine 등(等) 18가지 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸)을 동정(同定)하였는데 각(各)김치에 있어서 각(各) 아미노산(酸)의 함량(含量) 또는 전(全) 아미노산(酸)의 총량(總量)에 차이(差異)는 있었으나 아미노산(酸) 조성(組成)에는 차이(差異)가 없었다. (2) 숙성(熟成)된 김치에서는 날김치에 비(比)해 전(全) 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸)의 총량(總量)이 감소(減少)하였고 glutamic acid, alanine, threonine & serine, arginine 등(等)의 아미노산(酸)의 감소(減少) 경향(傾向)이 더 현저 하였다. (3) 숙성(熟成)된 김치의 주요 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸)은 glutamic acid, arginine, lysine, aspartic acid, alanine 등(等)이다. (4) 10%(주재료(主材料) 무게의) 멸치젓갈을 첨가(添加)하여 발효(醱酵)시킨 김치의 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸) 함량(含量)은 소금김치에 비(比)해 현저하게 많았으며 특히 lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine 등(等)이 많아서 김치의 맛을 더 좋게 하는 것 같다. (5) 날김치의 경우 유리당(遊離糖)의 함량(含量)이 많았으나 숙성(熟成)되면 감소(減少)하였고 숙성(熟成)된 다음에는 소금김치나 멸치 젓갈을 첨가(添加)한 김치나 간(間)에 주목(注目)할만한 유리당(遊離糖) 양(量)의 차이(差異)를 발견(發見)할 수 없었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1998

To furnish basic data about the utilization of Korean loquat as flood, this experiment was conducted. Nutritional components in leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed of Korean loquat were analyzed as follows : moisture 48.7%, 87.8%, 88.3% and 59.5% ; total sugar 1.57%, 7.21%, 7.36% and 2.41% ; crude protein 5.23%, 1.61%, 1.44% and 4.31% in each portion, respectively. The highest mineral contents of loquat leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed were Ca 2,458ppm, K 661ppm, 654ppm and 1,528ppm, and water soluble vitamins such as ascorbic acid, thiamin and pyridoxine were confirmed in different pares of Korean loquat, the contents of those were high thiamin 5.86mg% in leaves and ascorbic acid 1.l0mg%, 1.26mg% and 4.90mg% in fruit excluded seed flesh and seed, respectively. The contents of free sugars were high sucrose 0.87%, glucose 0.62%, 0.6475 and rhamnose 0.20%, and major organic acid were detected oxalic acid 1,693.70mg%, malic acid 201.70mg%, 207.60mg% and citric acid 55.70mg% in each portion, respectively. Free amino acid were identified 21, 14, 14 and 16 kinds of leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed, respectively and their contents in each portion were highest glutamic acid 280.22mg%, proline 35.l0mg%, glutamic acid 56.96mg% and sarcosine 230.24mg%, respectively. Volatile components were identified 25 and 11 kinds of leaves and flesh and their contents were highest d-nerolidol 28.70ppm, hexadecanoic acid 16.67ppm, respectively.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 1973

1) 탄소원으로서 glucose medium에서 Brevibacterium flavum을 배양할때 Biotin 5${\gamma}$/1, Desthiobiotin 5${\gamma}$/1, 7.8-Diaminopelargonic acid 10${\gamma}$/l 에서 L-GA생성이 가장 양호하였다. 2) 탄소원으로서 glucose-acetate혼합배지를 4구분하여 사용한 결과 생육도, L-GA생성은glucose 2%-acetate 혼합배지가 가장 양호하였다. 3) 탄소원으로서 Methanol, Ethanol, Ethylacetate, Acetic acid (free acetate), Na-acetate :NH$_4$-acetate=2 : 1의 배지를 사용한 결과 Na-acetate : NH$_4$-acetate=2 : 1 > Acetic acid (free acetate) > Ethylacetate > Ethanol> Methanol 의 순으로 L-GA 생성이 나타났다. 4) 생장촉진제로 각종 Biotin vitamer를 첨가하고 탄소원으로 glucose 또는 Acetate 배지를 사용하였을때 요구되는 농도는 Biotin에 대하여 Desthiobiotin은 대략 동양, 7.8-Diaminopelargonic acid는 3~4배 였으며 Bisnorbiotin은 대체효과가 없었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.916-922
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate changes in organoleptic properties and taste components including free sugar, organic acid and free amino acid with addition of walnut. Changes in total nitrogen were insignificantly different with addition of walnut. Amino type nitrogen content was decreased in proportion to supplemental level of walnut. Content of organic acids, of which three kinds were detected, such as citric acid, malic acid and lactic acid increased more than two times with addition of walnut. Contents of free sugar and amino acid were decreased with addition of walnut. The proportion of essential amino acid was 40.6~41.4 percent. Glutamic acid in total amino acid was increased in proportion with addition of walnut. The highest sensory evaluation score was recorded in soy sauce with addition of 2 percent walnut. Together, it was expected that 2 percent addition of walnut to soy sauce has a positive effect on the taste of soy sauce.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.680-685
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• 1994

Total nitrogen content, proline, free amino acids, sugars, invertase and diastase activities in native bee-honey (NBH) and foregin bee-honey (FBH) harvested from our different areas of Kangwon , Korea were determined. The total nitrogen contents of NBH and FBH were 0.077$\pm$0.033mg% and 0.055$\pm$0.022mg%, respectively. Proline content in NBH was 42$\pm$10mg% and waqs found to be much lower than that in FHB. Phenylalanine and proline were major free amino acids both in NBH and FBH . The content of total free amino acid in FBH were twice as much as that in NBH , however isomaltose content in NBH were almost two times more than that in FBH. Other sugars including fructose, glucos , sucrose and maltose were also analyzed. No differences were found between NBH and FBH in invertase activities, but comparing to these of FBH ,lower values of diastase activity in NBH were observed.

• 약학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.48-53
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• 1964

At the different growing stages of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench planted at the green house and out doors, the contents of free amino acids in the whole plants,were determined quantitatively by spot-extract colorimetric method (J. Awapara method) using the chromatograms obtained by the ion-exchange resin and paper chromatographic method. And the contents of carbohydrate in the whole plant were determined by Bertrand method. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Almost same kinds of free amino acids were detected in the both plants. 2. Concentrations of most amino acids was increased progressively during growth; further growth was accompanied by decreased concentrations. 3. Rate of growth and increasing of total amino acid content of green house plant is greater than that of out dorrs plant. 4. At the same stages of gwoth, total free amino acid content of green house plant is higher than that of out doors plant but sugar content is lower. 5. There was rapidly increasing of sugar content and decreasing of total free amino acid content except asparagine during mature of seeds.