• 제목/요약/키워드: franchising industry

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프랜차이즈 산업의 발전방안 (A study on the developmental ideas of Franchising industry in Korea)

  • 손용승;한철용;안관영
    • 벤처창업연구
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.177-187
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    • 2012
  • 오늘날 국내 외의 경제발전에 서비스산업의 비중이 매우 커지고 있으며, 미래사회에도 지속적으로 증가될 것으로 예측되며, 이러한 서비스 산업의 경영방식의 하나로 프랜차이즈시스템이 확산되고 있다. 프랜차이즈 시스템(Franchise System)은 선진국에서 인기를 끌고 있는 선진국형 유통형태이며, 유통시장 개방 이후 국내에서는 외국유명브랜드를 중심으로 급속한 성장세를 보이고 있다. 이로 인해 국내 제조 및 유통업계에서는 미래유망업종으로 프랜차이즈시스템에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 최근 들어 외환위기와 금융위기를 계기로 다양한 연령계층이 노동시장으로 유입되면서 단기간 내에 적은 자본으로 나의 사업을 창업하고자 하는 인구가 크게 늘고 있다. 이 중 상당수는 독립적 사업을 창업하지만 사업에 대한 경험과 전문지식이 부족하면서 실패를 경험하는 경우가 크게 늘고 있다. 이에 비해 프랜차이즈 창업은 검증된 상품 및 서비스를 제공받으면서 창업한다는 점에서 성공가능성이 높아지면서 프랜차이즈에 대한 관심과 논의가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 프랜차이즈에 대한 관심이 증대하고, 프랜차이즈 산업의 규모가 커지면서 다양한 문제점 또한 부상하고 있다. 국내의 경우 비교적 늦게 프랜차이즈 산업이 도입되었지만 빠르게 성장하면서 문제점을 노정하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 프랜차이즈 산업의 특성에 대하여 고찰하고, 또한 다른 나라들의 경우에 대한 사례를 고찰하면서 국내 프랜차이즈 산업의 문제점을 조명하고 이에 대한 대응방안 및 프랜차이즈 산업의 발전방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

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해외진출 국내 프랜차이즈기업의 조직특성 (Organizational Factors Facilitating the Internationalization of Korean Franchising Companies)

  • 임영균;이동휘;김희정
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.40-52
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    • 2009
  • Franchising is one of the fastest growing types of business. It is already popular and well-known in the U.S., and has been growing in many other countries including Korea. Furthermore, many Korean franchising companies have expanded their business overseas actively. According to the data by the Ministry of Industry and Resource, 82 companies out of a sample of 500 franchising companies are already operating in many foreign countries and 48% of them have started their foreign business since 2006. This clearly indicates the fast growing current trend of foreign operation by Korean franchising companies. In spite of the fast growing trend of foreign expansion in the industry, academic research on internationalization of franchising companies is extremely difficult to find. Accordingly, academic research on the issue is necessary and urgent in Korea. Among the various research questions on internationalization of franchising business, this study intends to investigate the difference in organizational factors between the franchising companies doing foreign operation and those doing business only domestically. More specifically, this research has the following purposes. First, considering the lack of theoretical basis of previous studies, resource-based theory and agency theory are employed as the theoretical bases. Second, this study explains the difference in internationalization based on organizational factors such as company size, history and growth rate. Third, the five hypotheses regarding the difference in organizational factors are presented and tested empirically, which is the first attempt in the area of this topic. Finally, the study attempts to clarify the conflicting implications among theories regarding some organizational factos such as growth rate. As the theoretical background, resource-based theory and agency theory are discussed. According to resource-based theory, a firm can grow continuously when it has competence and resource, and also the ability to develop them. The competence and resource can include capital, human resource, management skill, market information, ability to manage risk, etc. Meanwhile, agency theory views the relationship between franchisor and franchisee as an agency relationship. In agency theory, bonding capability and monitoring capability are the two key factors which promote internationalization of franchising companies. Based on the two theories, a conceptual model is designed. The model consists of two groups of variables. One is organizational factors including size, history, growth rate, price bonding and geographic dispersion. The other is whether a franchising company is operating overseas or not. We developed the following five research hypotheses basically describing the relationship between organizational factors and internationalization of franchising companies. H1: The size of franchising companies operating overseas is larger than that of franchising companies operating domestically. H2: The history of franchising companies operating overseas is longer than that of franchising companies operating domestically. H3: The growth rate of franchising companies operating overseas is higher than that of franchising companies operating domestically. H4: The price bonding of franchising companies operating overseas is higher than that of franchising companies operating domestically. H5: The geographic dispersion of franchising companies operating overseas is wider than that of franchising companies operating domestically. Data for the analyses are obtained from 2005 Korea Franchise Survey data co-generated by Ministry of Industry and Resource, GS1 Korea, and Korea Franchise Association. Out of 2,804 population companies, 2,489 companies are excluded for various reasons and 315 companies are selected as the final sample. Prior to hypotheses tests, validity and reliability of the measures of size, history, growth rate and price bonding are examined for further analyses. Geographic dispersion is not validated since it is measured using nominal data. A series of independent sample T-tests is used to find out whether there exists any significant difference between the companies internationalized and those operating only domestically for each organizational factor. Among the five factors, size and geographic dispersion show significant difference, growth rate and price bonding do not reveal any difference and, finally, history factor shows conflicting results in the difference depending on how to measure it.

    shows the summary statistics for hypotheses testing. In conclusion, the results show that the size and history, which are the key variables in resource-based theory, have a significant relationship with internationalization and that geographic area, which belongs to agency theory, also has a strong relationship with internationalization. The results support the findings of extant research and, therefore, prove the usefulness of resource-based theory and agency theory in explaining internationalization of franchising companies. However, growth rate and price-bonding do not show a clear difference between the two types of companies. Accordingly, these two factors need further attention in the future research. Although this study shows meaningful findings theoretically and practically, it has several limitations. First, only organizational factors are considered even if there are various environmental factors influencing franchising firm's internationalization. Second, only being internationalized or not is considered. That is, modes of entry and the size of foreign operations are not included in the study. Third, internationalization strategy is often determined based on the desire for business expansion and higher profitability and egoistical reasons of the CEOs. However, this type of factors belonging to behavioral science is not discussed in the study. Finally, organizational ecology perspective is usefully applicable in explaining the survival and performance of internationally operating companies. Accordingly, research propositions based on this perspective need to be developed and tested.

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  • Fostering Franchising Intention of SMEs in Vietnam: A Motivation-Opportunity-Ability Perspective

    • TRUONG-THI, Ninh Thuy
      • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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      • 제9권4호
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      • pp.99-107
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      • 2022
    • Franchising is one of the most interesting areas of management research, attracting researchers and practitioners from all over the world. Many factors that drive franchising intention have been identified by previous researchers. They also demonstrated that there are numerous research gaps in this subject that must be filled. The primary goal of this study is to identify and test new factors of franchising intent. Finally, to clarify the role of these components, this study used the Motivation - Opportunity - Ability paradigm. To test the hypothesis, SmartPLS software was used to evaluate a total of 252 valid questionnaires collected from small and medium businesses in Hanoi, Vietnam. The findings revealed that franchisee motivation, franchisor support, and asset specificity have a positive impact on franchising intention. In whatever case, the opportunity has the greatest impact on participation intentions. In terms of the impact level on SMEs' intentions in the franchise system, ability comes in second. Furthermore, the moderating influence of franchisee asset specialization in the relationship between opportunity and franchising intention is confirmed by this study. This study examines the theoretical and practical contributions, as well as their limitations, and suggests some future research on the subject.

    컨버전 프랜차이징 전략에 관한 연구 - 나들가게 사례를 중심으로 - (A Study on Conversion Franchising Strategy : The Case of Nadle-Gagae)

    • 서민교;노용숙;이영철
      • 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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      • 제2권1호
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      • pp.74-99
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      • 2011
    • 2000년대 외환위기 이후 프랜차이즈 창업에 대한 관심증가로 프랜차이즈 산업은 매년 급성장을 거듭해 오고 있으며, 당분간 프랜차이즈 산업의 성장은 지속될 것으로 예상되고 있다. 그러나 국내 프랜차이즈는 외형적으로는 성장을 지속하고 있으나 그동안 몇몇 소수의 업종 중심으로 가맹본부 및 가맹점 진출이 집중되어 신규가맹점 확보에 그 한계를 드러내고 있다. 이에 포화상태에 접어든 업종 내에서는 신규가맹점 진출보다는 기존 가맹점 유지를 통해 매출증가 유도 및 동종업종 점포를 흡수하는 방향으로 전략을 수정하고 있다. 이미 '업종변경'이라는 방식의 가맹점 출점 전략이 사용되고 있음에도 불구하고 지금까지 기운영점포를 가맹점으로 흡수하는 방식인 컨버전 프랜차이징을 활성화 하는 방안이 제시되고 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 동네 슈퍼마켓의 나들가게로 컨버전한 사례를 중심으로 컨버전 프랜차이징 전개 방식 및 전개 후 결과에 대해 연구하고자 한다. 본 연구의 사례분석 결과, 컨버전 프랜차이징 후 매출, 내점 고객 수, 점포 이미지 등이 증가하였으며, 점주/소비자의 만족도 또한 컨버전 전에 비해 증가한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이는 컨버전 프랜차이징이 기업과 점주/소비자 모두에게 긍정적인 전략임을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 나들가게의 경우, 정부의 정책 하에 진행된 사례임으로 프랜차이즈 기업에 나들가게 전개 방식을 적용하기에는 한계가 있으나, 이미 프랜차이즈 산업 내에서 전개되고 있는 전략임을 볼 때, 나들가게 사례를 통한 컨버전 프랜차이징 전략모델에 대해 연구할 필요성을 제기한다.

    국제프랜차이징 연구요소 및 연구방향 (Research Framework for International Franchising)

    • 김주영;임영균;심재덕
      • 마케팅과학연구
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      • 제18권4호
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      • pp.61-118
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      • 2008
    • 본 연구는 국내외 프랜차이즈의 해외진출에 대한 연구들을 바탕으로 국제프랜차이징연구의 전체적인 연구체계를 세워보고, 연구체계를 형성하고 있는 연구요인들을 확인하여 각 연구요소별로 이루어지는 연구주제와 내용을 살펴보고, 앞으로의 연구주제들을 제안하고자 한다. 주요한 연구요소들은 국제프랜차이징의 동기 및 환경 요소과 진출의사결정, 국제프랜차이징의 진입양식 및 발전전략, 국제프랜차이징의 운영전략 및 국제프랜차이징의 성과이다. 이외에도 국제프랜차이징 연구에 적용할 수 있는 대리인이론, 자원기반이론, 거래비용이론, 조직학습이론 및 해외진출이론들을 설명하였다. 또한 국제프랜차이징연구에서 보다 중점적으로 개발해야 할 질적, 양적 방법론을 소개하였으며, 마지막으로 국내연구의 동향을 정리하여 추후의 연구방향을 종합적으로 정리하였다.

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    외식프랜차이즈 가맹점의 가맹본부에 대한 만족도 결정요인에 관한 연구 (A Study on Determinants Influencing Satisfaction with Franchising System in Foodservice Industry)

    • 임현철
      • 한국조리학회지
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      • 제10권4호
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      • pp.96-117
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      • 2004
    • The purpose of this study was to find relationship of satisfaction factors between franchisor and franchisee, and to examine the effects on satisfaction with franchisee in foodservice industry. Through the prior study, instrumental and relational factors were adapted as independent variables, and satisfaction variables were selected as dependent variables. The survey was administered to 346 franchisor possessing over 30 franchisees at Dae-gu metropolitan area, and analyzed by SPSS 10.0. The results of analysis were examined through the multiple regression analysis.

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    Franchising Practices in Selected Markets around the World: A Review

    • ADEIZA, Adams
      • 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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      • 제10권2호
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      • pp.7-18
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      • 2019
    • Purpose - This paper attempts to provide an understanding of practice of franchising in eight countries - USA, UK, Australia, Brazil, China, Malaysia, South Africa and Nigeria. The bases of the review are: number of systems and outlets, employment generation, annual turnover, GDP contribution, legal and regulatory frameworks and country-specific franchise business practice nuances. Research design, data and methodology - the paper is descriptive, highlighting elements of the business practice that distinguish one country from another. Documentary data - mainly industry publications supplemented by empirical literature - was used for the review. Result - Although there are commonalities in the technical design and implementation of franchise business practice - especially the business model type - differences exist in terms of legal and regulatory frameworks guiding the industry across the eight countries studied. Conclusion - There are no two countries that have the same franchise practices. Franchise markets in the developed, and to some extent, the emerging economies have saturated. Franchise markets in African countries are at infant stage and thus, these countries are strategizing to attract foreign brands into their domains.

    조직 기업가 정신이 구성원의 조직몰입과 성과에 미치는 영향: 한국 외식 프랜차이즈 산업 (The Impact of Corporate Entrepreneurship on Employee Commitment and Performance: Evidence from the Korean Food Franchising Sector)

    • 박희현;류용규
      • 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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      • 제7권2호
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      • pp.5-14
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      • 2016
    • Purpose - Competitive industry structure and recent economic depression challenge a survival of Korean small- and medium-sized food franchising companies (SMFCs), albeit the explosive growth of the Korean food service industry for last few decades. Against this backdrop, it examines how these SMFCs overcome liabilities of smallness and resource scarcity to strengthen competitive advantage in the market. To tackle this, in this article we focus on corporate entrepreneurship and human resources as a knowledge-based asset for these SMFCs. Furthermore, the ratio of employee turnover is high in SMFCs. We view that such brain-drain may result in poor performance of the Korean SMFCs. As such, we pay attention to the role of organizational commitment to an organization as a solution for enhancing individual-level employees' loyalty toward their organization. Research design, data, and methodology - Our research question is to what extent corporate entrepreneurship (i.e., innovative organizational culture, organizational autonomy, and administrative innovation) affects an individual-level attitude toward the organization and, in turn, employee creativity and satisfaction in the Korean SMFCs context. We collected data from employees in SMFCs for three months. A total of 126 valid questionnaires were collected, and analyzed the data using partial least squares path modeling. Results - The reliable and valid measurement model feed into testing the structural model. Our findings suggest that innovative organizational culture and organizational autonomy positively affect employee commitment. Particularly, organizational autonomy has a greater effect than innovative culture on employee commitment. However, the relationship between administrative innovation and employee commitment is not significant. We also find that employee commitment positively affects both employee creativity and satisfaction. Conclusions - Our contribution to the existing franchising business and management literature is twofold. First, the conceptual model includes three antecedents in the organizational entrepreneurship dimension to organizational commitment. Second, we conceptualize organizational commitment as employee commitment, and validate its impact on employee creativity and job satisfaction at an individual performance level. Overall, this article suggests that it is critically important for the Korean SMFCs to develop corporate entrepreneurship in order to facilitate employees' positive attitudes toward their organizations.

    외식산업에서 프랜차이징을 통한 선발자 우위에 관한 연구 (First Mover Advantage Based on Franchising in the Foodservice Industry)

    • 정대용;엄태영
      • 동아시아식생활학회지
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      • 제20권1호
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      • pp.166-174
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      • 2010
    • It is widely accepted that there are first mover advantages in various existing industries. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the first mover advantages shown in the foodservice industry, whether first movers practically have first mover advantages, and what effects these advantages have on foodservice enterprises. Specifically this study was designed to identify the relationship between first mover advantages and business performance in the foodservice industry. To accomplish this, questionnaires were sent to and collected from selected first movers consisting of 70 foodservice franchised enterprises. SPSS 15.0 was then employed to conduct factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The analyses revealed that the franchised foodservice enterprises could provide several strategies that enabled them to grow quickly and to establish more shops in their market. In addition, having a greater number of shops resulted in greater advantages when compared to their competitors. Moreover, the advantages of first movers had a significant effect on their business performance. Taken together, these findings imply that if foodservice enterprises franchise their business as early as possible, they can more easily preoccupy their market and enjoy more first mover advantages. This study is meaningful and differentiated from existing studies in that it investigated first mover advantages of the foodservice enterprises in the appropriate industry.

    환경불확실성이 프랜차이즈 시스템의 거래특성과 산업특성 및 성과에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Environmental Uncertainty on Transaction and Industry Characteristics in the Franchising Markets)

    • 한상린;백미영
      • 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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      • 제13권3호
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      • pp.55-77
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      • 2008
    • 프랜차이즈 산업은 유통산업과 서비스 산업의 특성을 모두 포함하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 유통산업 측면에서의 특성으로는 유통 경로상의 공급업체와 그에 따른 소매업체간의 관계를 들 수 있으며 서비스 산업 측면의 특성에서 살펴보면 가맹본부가 가맹점에 물적 인적 자원을 제공한다는 측면에서 서비스 산업의 특성을 가지고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 모든 산업에 해당되는 중요한 이슈는 차별적인 핵심역량을 강화하여 최상의 성과를 달성하는 것이라고 할 수 있는데, 프랜차이즈 산업의 경우에는 지속적인 거래 의도나 재계약으로 이러한 성과를 볼 수 있을 것이다. 이렇게 프랜차이즈 산업이 두 산업의 특성을 모두 포함하고 있음에도 불구하고 지금까지의 프랜차이즈 연구는 본부와 가맹점 즉 B-to-B의 관점에서 거래적 특성의 측면만을 연구하거나 소비자 즉 B-to-C의 관점에서 가맹점의 어떠한 요인이 고객의 만족에 영향을 미치고 지속적인 관계유지와 관련이 있는지에 대한 연구가 대부분이어서 통합된 측면에 대만 연구가 부족만 실정이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 유통산업과 서비스 산업에서 매우 중요한 비중을 차지하고 있고 또 최근 급성장하고 있는 국내 프랜차이즈 산업 중에서 B2B 거래적 특성과 서비스적 특성을 모두 포괄 할 수 있는 외식산업의 프랜차이즈 가맹점을 대상으로, 가맹점을 운영할 때의 환경 불확실성이 B2B의 거래적 관점과 프랜차이즈 서비스 산업의 특징에 따른 주요 요인에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 이러한 요인들이 신뢰에 미치는 영향과 더불어 모든 기업의 최종 목표라 할 수 있는 거래성과에 영향을 미치는 요인들 간의 관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 이 연구를 진행하기 위하여 SPSS와 AMOS 프로그램을 사용하여 실증분석을 하였고 그 결과 환경 불확실성이 거래특성에는 부분적으로, 산업 특성에는 부정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 거래특성은 신뢰에 모두 유의한 영향을 미치지만, 산업특성은 부분적으로만 영향을 미친다는 결과를 도출하였다. 또한 신뢰는 거래성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 마지막으로 연구결과의 마케팅 전략적 시사점을 설명하였다.

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