• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.529-544
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• 2015

This study investigated consumer's fragrance preferences as well as image, color, and TPO associations with fragrance. Eight branded perfumes of four fragrance families were selected according to the top note (floral, fruity, green, and citrus) as stimuli; consequently, fragrance preferences and associations were measured. A survey that included a scent test was conducted; subsequently, 186 responses from male and female consumers in their twenties were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, paired t-test, and chi-square analysis. The fruity fragrance was shown to be preferred the most. The perfume itself was associated with cool image, blue or pale tone colors, summer, and casual occasions in general, while a citrus fragrance was related to warm, winter, and deep tone colors in specific. Fragrance associations could be utilized in perfume marketing plans and activities such as advertising and packaging development.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.59-63
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• 2018

Purpose - It has already been proved that 'mood' as the physical environment of shopping affects consumers' main sensory channels such as sight, hearing, smell, touch. However, there is no consensus on how the olfactory cue influences the customers in the shopping environment. In this study, we examine the previous studies on how the olfactory cue affects the customers in the shopping environment and present a clear direction as a suggestion for progressive research. Research design, data, and methodology - It is not important to use a lot of unconditional fragrance, but it should be exposed to the environment that suits the proper fragrance. In recent years, meaningful research on store fragrance has been slowly increasing. As a result, studies on the fragrance effects of retail stores have been conducted to verify the relevance of fragrance suitability in stores and consumer spending scale. Results - The fragrance appropriate for each store can not be uniformly specified as any fragrance. This is because external variables such as time, season, temperature, lighting, density of shoppers, and music in the store also affect customer evaluation. For example, using an unsuitable fragrance may encourage customers to leave the store quickly by restraining impulsive purchases or by disturbing concentration. The store manager should also be interested in using fragrances that are proven and effective in the store environment, but they should also have the ability to easily manipulate and manage the fragrances very appropriately according to changes in the store environment. Store managers should observe consumer preferences and responses according to their goals and strategies, and then systematically manage and store information about the fragrance appropriate to the store. Conclusions - In the future, the fragrance marketing researcher needs to consider the spatial form and density of the customer. In practice, managers operating a retail store should check the most appropriate store density(congestion) according to the size and spatial characteristics of the store and maintain the ideal conditions. To do this, it is necessary to pay attention to how to select and control sensory elements such as fragrance(olfactory), music(auditory), and lighting(visual).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.35-48
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate ideal body image and clothing style through the analysis of models portrayed in fragrance advertisement that is the representative goods showing the fashion brand image. For this study, 120 perfume advertisements appeared in GQ and Vogue magazines issued in 2002 were selected. The models' characteristics portrayed in advertisement are categorized with role relationship, race, body exposure and clothing styles. The results are as follows. 1. Fragrance advertisements most commonly depict a single model portraying narcissism, and later then most common are advertisements both male and female model in a sexual relationship. 2. The analysis of models' race shows racism toward Asian models and Afro- American models. White models are main characters in fragrance advertisements more often than other races, and in mixed-ethnic ads, whites typically outnumbered minorities. This shows currently aesthetic stereotypes, that is, white ideology still exists. 3. The results of models' body exposure are showing nudism with partially clad or nude. This shows the eroticism of male and female. 4. The highest portion of clothing style appeared in fragrance advertisement were casual wear for male model and dressy formal wear for female models, which respects current fashion trends.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.559-572
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• 2010

Color, an important visual cue, can cross-modally affect odor association and odor quality identification Here, this research investigates aspects of the cross-modal associations between color and fragrance in greater depth, delving into the topic of whether the degree-of-association of fragrances with hue and tone of colors varies systematically. For 33 color stimuli (10 hues, 3 tones, and 3 achromatic colors), 67 subjects judged the degree-of-association of four typical fragrance families (fresh, floral, oriental, and woody) on a 7-point scale. The statistical analysis showed that fragrance associations of the all families had characteristic distributions across ten hues of the color stimuli. The cross-modal relationship between color tone (especially, lightness attribute) and fragrance association appeared to be dimensional (e.g. a positive linear relationship between the floral family and the lightness). More specifically, as colors became warmer and brighter, the associated floral scents were stronger, while the woody scents was less associated. Brighter or more vivid cool colors were associated with stronger fresh scents. These findings confirm the systematic existence of synthetic interactions between vision and olfaction in perfumery.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2001

Underwears treated by aroma capsule(UTA) have been known to have many advantages than normal underwears, for example, UTA has antimicrobial and deodorant properties. In this experiment, we examined antimicrobial and deodorant effect of UTA treated by rose and lemon fragrance, Mechanical properties of UTA including surface property, bending property and shear property were also tested. The results are as follows,1. The effects of antibacterial is estimated as 33% and the efficiency of deodouration is about 95 % in UTA. 2. The fragrance of UTA maintained even after 25 times washout. 3. Bending and shear properties were not changed in UTA However it decreased the coefficient of friction of the textures and the smooth surface was detected when the human skin was contacted.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.427-439
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• 2008

In order to effectively communicate the fragrances of commercial perfumes to consumers, it is important to apply congruent colors to their bottles and packaging. This research investigated the cross-modal associations between colors and fragrances through two experiments. In the first experiment, bottle colors of more than 200 popular perfumes in the market were analyzed. Distinguishable color design patterns of the bottles were revealed in accordance with their fragrance types. The second experiment expanded the use of color-odor matching task to a test population of Korean participants. Participants selected colors evoked by fragrances of three test perfumes in a blind setting. These three perfumes had characteristic hues and their associated hues were similar with the real colors of their bottles. In addition, there were significant variations in color tone across fragrance notes, viz. the top notes, middle notes, and base notes. The results of the two experiments suggest the existence of robust cross-modal associations between particular colors and fragrances in commercial perfumery.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.475-476
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 아동 교육시 활용할 실감형 교육 콘텐츠(Realistic Educational Content)를 구축하여 수업활동시 활용했을 때의 학습향상 효과를 살펴 본 결과 시각 청각을 이용한 콘텐츠보다, 후각을 추가하여 수업을 진행하였을 때 학생들의 집중과 수업에 대한 몰입감이 높아진 것을 실험결과 알 수 있었다.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.61-64
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• 2010

Objctive：To clarify the criterion, the characteristic of varaious age of ginseng radix cultivated in Korea and China were studied. Method：The surface of the transverse section of the specimen was made into a slid by the Paraffin Section method, and then dyed by Safranine Malachite Green method. The samples were observed at the power of 400 by an optic microscope(Olympus, Japan). The component and flavor of ginseng radix were analyzed by TLC(Thinlayer Chromatography) and electronic nose(FOX3000, France). Result：Ginseng radix according to the growing district and various age were comparative analyzed by optic microscope, TLC and electronic nose. The results were as followings. 1. The external form of Korean ginseng is longer and brightness then Chinese ginseng. 2. The internal form of Korean and Chinese ginseng are similar to each other. 3. The component of Korean and Chinese ginseng in TLC are similar to each other. 4. The fragrance of Korean and Chinese ginseng are clearly different. Conclusion：The results in this study demonstrate that morphology and component of Korean ginseng are similar to Chinese, on the other hand, fragrance of Korean and Chinese ginseng are different.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1015-1026
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• 2008

This study explores the attributes of the color cosmetic products and prices, and their effects on the brand trust. In doing so, our sample population has been segmented according to their lifestyle on color cosmetic to understand the group differences. Based on the previous researches, we have chosen four important characteristics of the customer's lifestyle. The number of iteration on factor analysis revealed that our sample population can be formed into three different groups. The significant group differences resulted on the following study variables; the product functionality, the product fragrance/color, the product vessel design, the price value, the price information, the price rationality. Also, from the product aspect, the product functionality, the product fragrance/color, the product vessel design, explained the significant portion of the Y variance. While, on the aspect of price, the value, the rationality, and information in order, significantly contributed on the brand trust.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.1023-1039
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• 2012

The rising urban space in the United States at the turn of the twentieth century was an exemplary site of struggles between the dominant white population and those who migrated from the imperial peripheries. By setting up the space of Chinatown as a segregated sphere within the urban space, the dominant white American society attempted to recreate the sense of distance between themselves and the racial "others." Accordingly, the dominant narrative representations of San Francisco Chinatown at the turn of the century endeavored to produce and maintain the spatial dichotomies between the orderly spaces of natives and the disruptive immigrant communities within the larger boundary of modern American city space. As a Eurasian woman writer, Sui Sin Far attempted to provide distinctive portrayals of the space of Chinatown and its inhabitants that were far different from those of her contemporaries. Through her portrayals of San Francisco Chinatown in her collection of short-stories, Mrs. Spring Fragrance and Other Writings (1912), Far challenges against the false stereotypes and misreading of this unique immigrant space within and efforts to present the Chinatown as a heterotopic diaspora space where the "insiders" and the "outsiders" of the American urban space intermingle and influence each other.