• 제목/요약/키워드: fragmentation size

검색결과 153건 처리시간 0.023초

산청고령토 입도분리시료들의 광물조성 변화와 그 원인 (Mineralogy of Size Fractions in Sancheong Kaolin and Its Origin)

  • 정기영;김수진
    • 한국광물학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.22-31
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    • 1992
  • 습식체질법, 퇴적법 및 원심분리법을 이용하여 얻어진 산청고령토의 9개 입도분리시료에 대하여 체계적인 X-선 회절 및 주사전자현미분석을 시행한 결과, 각 입도분의 점토광물 조성은 고령토의 원조직과 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 침전작용에 의하여 생성된 10-$\AA$ 형 할로이사이트, 일라이트 및 침철석은 미세입도분에 농집되고 모광물의 가상으로 생성된 버미큘라이트는 굵은 입도분에 농집된다. 침전작용 및 가상으로 생성된 다양한 유형의 캐올리나이트는 넓은 입도 분포를 보이지만 일반적으로 굵은 입도분에 농집된다. 굵은 입도분의 할로이사이트는 고령토 원래의 방상구조의 파편들인 할로이사이트 또는 하로이사이트와 캐올리나이트의 덩어리들로 존재하며 분쇄, 초음파처리 및 화학처리에 의해 분산되지 않은 것들이다. 체계적인 습식입도분리 실험에 의하여 10-${\AA}$형 할로이사이트와 캐올리나이트의 구분도 가능하였다. 버미큘라이트와 캐올리나이트 등의 굵은 광물은 2${\mu}m$ 이하의 점토입도분에서는 검출되지 않는 반면 일라이트 및 침철석은 그 양이 적은 경우 원시료만의 X-선 회절분석에서는 검출되지 않는다. 따라서 고령토의 광물조성을 이해하기 위해서는 체계적인 습식입도분리 실험이 필수적이다.

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예측 가능한 실행 시간을 가진 동적 메모리 할당 알고리즘 (A Dynamic Storage Allocation Algorithm with Predictable Execution Time)

  • 정성무;유해영;심재홍;김하진;최경희;정기현
    • 한국정보처리학회논문지
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    • 제7권7호
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    • pp.2204-2218
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    • 2000
  • This paper proposes a dynamic storage allocation algorithm, QHF(quick-half-fit) for real-time systems. The proposed algorithm manages a free block list per each worked size for memory requests of small size, and a free block list per each power of 2 size for memory requests of large size. This algorithms uses the exact-fit policy for small sie requests and provides high memory utilization. The proposed algorithm also has the time complexity O(I) and enables us to easily estimate the worst case execution time (WCET). In order to confirm efficiency of the proposed algorithm, we compare he memory utilization of proposed algorithm with that of half-fit and binary buddy system that have also time complexity O(I). The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm guarantees the constant WCET regardless of the system memory size and provides lower fragmentation ratio and allocation failure ratio thant other two algorithms.

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조립토 입도분포곡선의 프랙탈차원을 이용한 투수계수의 예측 (Estimation of Permeability Coefficient Using Fractal Dimension of Particle Size Distribution Curve in Granular Soils)

  • 박재성;장병욱;손영환;김성필
    • 한국농공학회논문집
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 2006
  • Since particle size distribution curves are useful to estimate permeability of soil, many formulae for permeability coefficient (k) have been published using the parameter from the curves and factors, such as grain size, particle shape and void ratio of soils. However, the parameters such as $C_c,\;C_u$ and $D_n$ derived from only some discrete points on the curve are insufficient to represent the whole gradation. In this paper fractal dimension which is quite new concept and known to be able to represent the entire curve of particle size distribution is employed for the parameters. An empirical formula of permeability coefficient has been developed with fractal dimension and percent of finer than 0.075 mm. The formula developed from this study has confirmed its effectiveness by a series of laboratory tests and comparison to other published formulae. It is found that permeability coefficient is proportional to fractal dimension and inversely proportional to percent of fines.

Origin of limestone conglomerates in the Choson Supergroup(Cambro-Ordovician), mid-east Korea

  • Kwon Y.K.;Chough S.K.;Choi D.K.;Lee D.J.
    • 한국석유지질학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국석유지질학회 2001년도 제8차 학술발표회 발표논문집
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    • pp.63-65
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    • 2001
  • The Chosen Supergroup (Cambro-Ordovician), mid-east Korea consists mainly of shallow marine carbonates and contains a variety of limestone conglomerates. These conglomerates largely comprise oligomictic, rounded lime-mudstone clasts of various size and shape (equant, oval, discoidal, tabular, and irregular) and dolomitic shale matrices. Most clasts are characterized by jigsaw-fit (mosaic), disorganized, or edgewise fabric and autoclastic lithology. Each conglomerate layer is commonly interbedded with limestone-dolomitic shale couplets and occasionally underlain by fractured limestone layer, capped by calcareous shale. According to composition, characteristic sedimentary structures, and fabric, limestone conglomerates in the Hwajol, Tumugol, Makkol, and Mungok formations of Chosen Supergroup can be classified into 4 types: (1) disorganized polymictic conglomerate (Cd), (2) horizontally stratified polymictic conglomerate (Cs), (3) mosaic conglomerate (Cm), and (4) disorganized/edgewise oligomictic conglomerate (Cd/e). These conglomerates are either depositional (Cd and Cs) or diagenetic (Cm and Cd/e) in origin. Depositional conglomerates are interpreted as storm deposits, tidal channel fills, or transgressive lag deposits. On the other hand, diagenetic conglomerates are not deposited by normal sedimentary processes, but formed by post-depositional diagenetic processes. Diagenetic conglomerates in the Chosen Supergroup are characterized by autoclastic and oligomictic lithology of lime-mudstone clasts, jigsaw-fit (mosaic) fabric, edgewise fabric, and a gradual transition from the underlying bed (Table 1). Autoclastic and oligomictic lithologies may be indicative of subsurface brecciation (fragmentation). Consolidation of lime-mudstone clasts pre-requisite for brecciation may result from dissolution and reprecipitation of CaCO3 by degradation of organic matter during burial. Jigsaw-fit fabric has been considered as evidence for in situ fragmentation. The edgewise fabric is most likely formed by expulsion of pore fluid during compaction. The lower boundary of intraformational conglomerates of depositional origin is commonly sharp and erosional. In contrast, diagenetic conglomerate layers mostly show a gradual transition from the underlying unit, which is indicative of progressive fragmentation upward (Fig. 1). The underlying fractured limestone layer also shows evidence for in situ fragmentation such as jigsaw-fit fabric and the same lithology as the overlying conglomerate layer (Fig, 1). Evidence from the conglomerate beds in the Chosen Supergroup suggests that diagenetic conglomerates are formed by in situ subsurface fragmentation of limestone layers and rounding of the fragments. In situ subsurface fragmentation may be primarily due to compaction, dewatering (upward-moving pore fluids), and dissolution, accompanying volume reduction. This process commonly occurs under the conditions of (1) alternating layers of carbonate-rich and carbonate-poor sediments and (B) early differential cementation of carbonate-rich layers. Differential cementation commonly takes place between alternating beds of carbonate-rich and clay-rich layers, because high carbonate content promotes cementation, whereas clay inhibits cementation. After deposition of alternating beds and differential cementation, with progressive burial, upward-moving pore fluid may raise pore-pressure in the upper part of limestone layers, due to commonly overlying impermeable shale layers (or beds). The high pore-pressure may reinforce propagation of fragmentation and cause upward-expulsion of pore fluid which probably produces edgewise fabric of tabular clasts. The fluidized flow then extends laterally, causing reorientation and further rounding of clasts. This process is analogous to that of autobrecciation, which can be analogously termed autoconglomeration. This is a fragmentation and rounding process whereby earlier semiconsolidated portions of limestone are incorporated into still fluid portions. The rounding may be due mainly to immiscibility and surface tension of lime-mud. The progressive rounding of the fragmented clasts probably results from grain attrition by fluidized flow. A synthetic study of limestone conglomerate beds in the Chosen Supergroup suggests that very small percent of the conglomerate layers are of depositional origin, whereas the rest, more than $80\%$, are of diagenetic origin. The common occurrence of diagenetic conglomerates warrants further study on limestone conglomerates elsewhere in the world.

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Population Structure of Codium amplivesiculatum (Chlorophyta) Associated with Rhodolith Beds from the Southwestern Gulf of California

  • Riosmena-Rodriguez, Rafael;Holguin-Acosta, Elena
    • ALGAE
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.141-150
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    • 2008
  • Populations of Codium amplivesiculatum were found in association with rhodolith beds. We present population trends of C. amplivesiculatum from surveys conducted in the southwestern Gulf of California based on monthly sampling from June 1999 to August 2000. Surveys were conducted at 2 sites in the San Lorenzo Channel at depths of 8 - 12 m. The parameters measured were percent cover, biomass and structure in relation to size of the thalli. From each thallus the following measurements were taken: length and diameter, proportion of each thallus with reproductive structures and the degree of fragmentation (measured as number of small thalli). Mean biomass and cover varied seasonally with the maximum (1036.6 gm$^{-2}$ and 100% cover) present in June 2000 and the minimum in winter (0 gm$^{-2}$ and 0% cover). The longest fronds (3 m) occurred during July 1999 and August 2000, while the maximum diameters of 1.0 cm were present during October and November 1999. There were no significant linear relationships between length and diameter of the fronds, suggesting independent growth. Reproductive structures were common in June and July 1999 with monoic and dioic thalli present. Most fronds were monoic, and this is the first record of this feature for this species. Fragmentation occurred in September, and may be associated with stress from early gametangial reproduction and the combination of high temperatures and low nutrients. A hypothetical life cycle for the species is presented.

과루인이 자궁경부암세포의 성장억제 및 세포고사에 미치는 영향 (Growth Arrest and Apoptosis of Human Uterine Cervical Carcinoma Cells Induced by Trichosanthes Semen Extract)

  • 이정구;김연희;이동녕;김형준
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.965-972
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    • 2005
  • To investigate the effects of Trichosanthes semen extract on the growth and apoptosis of human uterine cervical carcinoma cells. Effects of Trichosanthes semen extract on the growth of ME-180 cells were assayed by MTT assay. Apoptosis induced by Trichosanthes semen extract was detected by fluorescent microscopy, DNA fragmentation analysis and flow cytometry. Caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities were assayed. Trichosanthes semen extract induced ME-180 cells to die in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ME-180 cells treated with Trichosanthes semen extract exhibited typical characteristics of apoptosis. The population of Sub-G1 cells increased significantly, and the cells represented the reduced size, condensed chromatin and apoptotic bodies. They showed the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8. The results suggest that Trichosanthes semen extract induced ME-180 cell apoptosis and the activation of caspase and mitochondrial pathway were involved in the process of Trichosanthes semen extract-induced apoptosis.

모바일 게임 서버를 위한 고정크기 메모리 풀 관리 방법 (Fixed Size Memory Pool Management Method for Mobile Game Servers)

  • 박세영;최종선;최재영;김은회
    • 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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    • 제4권9호
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    • pp.327-336
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    • 2015
  • 모바일 환경에서의 게임 서버는 클라이언트의 요청을 처리하는 버퍼를 생성하기 위해 일반적으로 동적 메모리 할당을 빈번하게 수행한다. 이는 시스템에 부하를 가중시키고 메모리 단편화를 발생시키게 되어 게임 서버의 성능을 저하시킨다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 고정크기 메모리 풀 관리 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법에서의 메모리 풀은 원형 연결 리스트 형태의 순차적 메모리 구조를 가지며, 이를 통해 게임 서버에서의 메모리 단편화 문제를 해결하고, 메모리 할당과 해제를 위해 필요한 메모리 블록의 탐색 시간 비용을 줄일 수 있다. 실험에서는 제안하는 방법과 잘 알려진 오픈소스 메모리 풀 라이브러리(boost) 기반의 메모리 풀 관리방법을 이용하여, 동적 할당을 수행할 때의 성능평가를 통해 해당 기법의 효율성을 보이도록 한다.

ECAP가공된 7010 Al 합금의 초소성 변형 특성 (Superplastic Deformation Behavior of ECA dressed 7010 Al Alloy)

  • 김지식
    • 소성∙가공
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.255-261
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    • 2002
  • The grain size of 7010 Al alloy was refined to submicrometer level by using equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and additional warm rolling. The mechanisms of grain refinement in ECAP process were fragmentation of coarse grain to ultra fine subgrains after a few passes and continuous recrystallization of the subgrains with the increase o( passes. Because of ultrafine grain size, essentially low temperature and high strain rate superplasticity was observed after ECAP process and warm rolling to form a sheet metal. The maximum elongation of 700% was obtained for an ECA pressed specimen after IS passes without warm rolling at $450^{\circ}C$ with strain rate of 5x$10^{-3}$/sec.

미사용 대역폭에 의한 NG-EPON 의 성능 감소 평가 (Evaluation of Performance Degradation for NG-EPON with Unused Bandwidth)

  • 한만수
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.367-368
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    • 2015
  • 이 논문에서는 NG-EPON (next-generation Ethernet-passive opticla network) 시스템에서 미사용 대역폭에 의한 성능 저하를 평가한다. NG-EPON에서는 패킷이 fragmentation 되지 않으므로 grant의 크기가 패킷의 크기보다 grant가 낭비된다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 미사용 대역폭에 의한 성능저하를 평가하였다.

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한반도 동해 남부 대륙붕에 분포하는 탄산질-쇄설성분 혼합 퇴적물에 대한 연구 (Mixed Carbonate-Detrital Sediments on the Southeastern Continental Shelf of Korea)

  • 최진용
    • 한국지구과학회지
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.493-499
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    • 1997
  • 한반도 동해 남부 대륙붕에 분포하는 탄산질-쇄설성분 혼합 퇴적물에서 성분별 입도분석을 실시하여, 퇴적 환경 및 퇴적기작을 해석하였다. 쇄설성분은 평균입도가 중립사와 세립사 범위였으며, 분급이 양호한 단빈도 입도분포를 나타내었다. 이들 쇄설 퇴적물은 해수면이 낮았던 지난 빙하기동안 해빈 퇴적환경에서 집적되었으며, 전형적인 잔류퇴적물로 해석된다. 패각류가 우세한 탄산질 성분은 거의 파쇄된 상태이며, 표면이 심하게 풍화되었다. 이들 패각도 빙하기동안 천해환경에서 서식하였던 잔류기원 패각편으로 해석된다. 한편 입도특성은 쇄설성 성분에 비하여 다소 조립하며, 분급도는 불량하였다. 이들 패각편 탄산질 성분은 집적된 이후 지속적인 파쇄 및 분급작용에 의해 입도분포의 특징이 조절된 것으로 해석된다.

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