• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.128-134
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• 2016

Background: Blowout fracture is one of the most common facial fractures, and patients usually present with accompanying ocular complications. Many studies have looked into the frequency of persistent ocular symptoms, but there is no study on assault patients and related ocular symptoms. We evaluated the incidence of residual ocular symptoms in blowout fractures between assaulted and non-assaulted patients, and sought to identify any connection among the degree of enophthalmos, defect size, and assault-related injury. Methods: A retrospective review was performed for any patient who sustained a unilateral blowout fracture between January 2010 to December 2014. The collected data included information such as age, gender, etiology, and clinical ocular symptoms as examined by an ophthalmologist. This data was analyzed between patients who were injured through physical altercation and patients who were injured through other means. Results: The review identified a total of 182 patients. Out of these, 74 patients (40.7%) have been struck by a fist, whereas 108 patients (59.3%) have sustained non-assault related injuries. The average age was 36.1 years, and there was a male predominance in both groups (70 patients [94.6%] in the assaulted group and 87 patients [80.6%] in the non-assault group). Diplopia and enophthalmos were more frequent in patients with assault history than in non-assaulted patients (p<0.05). Preoperatively, 25 patients (33.8%) with assault history showed diplopia, whereas 20 patients (18.5%) showed diplopia in the non-assaulted group (p<0.05). Preoperative enophthalmos was present in 34 patients (45.9%) with assault history, whereas 31 patients (28.7%) showed enophthalmos in the non-assaulted group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with an assault history due to a fist blow experienced preoperative symptoms more frequently than did patients with non-assault-related trauma history. Preoperative diplopia and enophthalmos occurred at a higher rate for patients who were assaulted. Surgeons should take into account such characteristics in the management of assaulted patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.47-49
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• 2007

The authors describe a rare case of tension pneumocephalus, caused by ventriculoperitoneal[V-P] shunting for communicating hydrocephalus. The patient had a history of a right frontal skull fracture and pneumocephalus after a traffic accident five months prior to the present presentation of gait disturbance and memory impairment. A CT scan showed hydrocephalus and a V-P shunt was put in place. On the fourth day after surgery, the mental status of the patient gradually deteriorated due to a tension pneumocephalus; this was treated by repairing a fistula in the frontal sinus and a dural defect. The patient's mental status improved and symptoms were completely recovered. We report a case of tension pneumocephalus following V-P shunt for hydrocephalus in a patient who sustained a right frontal skull fracture.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2020

We report a case of a healthy 38-year-old man presenting with insufficiency fracture of proximal tibia associated with unrecognized osteoporosis. Radiologic bone DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) assessment revealed osteoporosis, but the patient displayed no apparent risk factors for insufficiency fractures and osteoporosis except for a history of smoking. Following right proximal tibial open reduction and internal fixation, the patient commenced smoking cessation and began taking alendronate. The patient was treated for gait rehabilitation, which included quadriceps strengthening exercises and his condition improved with independent walking. This report highlights an unusual site of proximal tibial insufficiency fractures and the potential effect of smoking on low bone mineral density in a young male patient.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.505-512
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• 1988

Since the propagation of a short fatigue crack is directly related to the large crack which causes the fracture of bulk specimen, the detailed study on the propagation of the short crack is essential to prevent the fatigue fracture. However, a number of recent studies have demonstrated that the short crack can grow at a low applied stress level which are predicted from the threshold condition of large crack. In present study, the threshold condition for the propagation of short fatigue crack is examined with respect to the microstructure and cyclic loading history. Specimens employed in this study were decarburized eutectoid steels which have various decarburized ferrite volume fraction. Rotating bending fatigue test was carried out on these specimens with the special emphasis on the '||'&'||'quot;critical non-propagating crack length.'||'&'||'quot; It is found that the reduction of the endurance limit of their particular microstructures can be due to the increase of the length of critical non-propagating crack, and the quantitative relationship between the threshold stress .DELTA. .sigma. $_{th}$ and the critical non-propagating crack length Lc can be written as .DELTA. .sigma. $_{th}$, Lc=C where m, C is constant. Further experiments were carried out on the effect of pearlitic structure and cyclic loading history on the length of critical non-propagating crack. It is shown that the length of critical non-propagating crack is closely related to both pearlite interlamellar spacing and cyclic loading history.ory. cyclic loading history.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2002

Objectives : The reproductive history of women has been suggested to have a possible influence on the risk of osteoporotic fractures. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between reproductive history and hip fractures in the elderly women. Methods : The study subjects were drawn from women members of the Korean Elderly Pharmacoepidemiologic Cohort (KEPEC), aged 65 years or over, whose reproductive histories were available, and who were beneficiaries of the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) in 1993 and lived in Busan city, Korea. The information on reproductive histories, and possible confounders, were collected from mailed questionnaires. Potential hip fracture cases were collected from the claims data obtained between 1993 and 1998, with a hospital survey conducted to confirm the final diagnoses. Rate ratios and their 95% confidence intervals, were calculated using a Cox's proportional hazard model. Results : Following up 5,215 women for 6 years, 51 cases were confirmed with hip fractures. When adjusted for age, weight and physical activity, the rate ratio of hip fractures in women who had given birth three or more times was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.25-1.25), compared with those who had given birth two or less times. When adjusted for age, number of births, weight and physical activity, the rate ratio in women who first gave birth when younger than 22 years was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.34-1.08) compared with those who had giving birth at 22 years or older. Conclusions : According to these findings, an early age when first giving birth might decrease the risk of hip fractures in elderly Korean women.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the results of korean traditional conservative therapy for thoraco-lumbar compression fracture and it's recovery rate and different result in accordance with sex, age, medical history. Method : We studied about 35 cases who were admitted to Jaseng Hospital of Oriental Medicine with diagnosis of 'Thoraco lumbar compression fracture' with X-ray examination. Result : Out of 35 patients 31 patients discharged with satisfying results. Most of the compression fracture occurred in age of $60{\sim}70$. And the single fractured patients recovered more easily than the multi-level fractured patients. It didn't affect the results whether the patient had another vertebral disease(such as Herniated intervertebral disc or osteoporosis) or not. And most of the patients who had vertebral compression fracture visited the western medicine hospital first. Conclusions : We analyzed the tendency of the patients who had vertebral compression fracture, and concluded that the conservative Korean traditional therapy is an effective means of treatment for the patients who have thoraco-lumbar compression fracture.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

Purpose: 'White-eye blowout' fracture is often occur in young patients and defined as blow out fracture with little or no clinical sign of soft tissue trauma such as edema, ecchymosis, but with marked motility restrictions in vertical gaze. In this conditions, immediate operation is essential. We reported the clinical investigation study of these cases about clinical symptoms and radiologic findings and introduce our experiences about immediate operations in 'white-eye blowout' fractures. Methods: From January 2008 to December 2009, nine pediatric patients who were diagnosed as pure white-eye blowout fractures were involved this study. Patients with other facial bone fractures or with poor general medical condition were excluded. In all cases, we performed immediate operation within 48 hours. Results: All patients had diplopia, vertical gaze restriction or systemic symptoms. Six patients had nausea, vomiting and syncope caused by oculocardiac reflex. In all patients, preoperative symptoms were improved after immediate operation. There were no postoperative complications such as infection, hematoma or wound dehiscence. Conclusion: When we meet the young patients with history of periocular trauma, with little or no soft tissue trauma signs, but with marked vertical gaze restriction or general symptoms caused by oculocardiac reflex, we should immediately examine by facial bone computed tomography and refer the patient to ophthalmologist for ophthalmic evaluations. If patient is diagnosed as orbital floor fracture with entrapped muscle or soft tissue, the earlier surgical reduction get better clinical outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.3 s.192
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• pp.91-99
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• 2007

Fractures of galvannealed coating layer during actual press forming in automotive applications were observed by scanning electron microscopy in order to understand fracture mechanism. Fracture behaviors of galvannealed coating layer in extra deep drawing quality steels and high strength steels have been studied by performing the tests describing the representative plastic deformation in sheet metal forming such as uni-axial tensile test, compression test, bi-axial test and plane strain test. Growth and direction of cracks were deeply related to the plastic deformation modes and history. The material properties of galvannealed coating layer were investigated by nano-indentation test equipped with Berkovich diamond indentor for the specimens. Hardness and elastic modulus of the coating layer were higher than bared steels and that was the reason for crack of coating layer. Flat friction test and drawbead friction test were performed to observe the effect of the surface morphology on the frictional characteristics. The micro-plasto hydrodynamic lubrication were appeared and played an important role in reducing the coefficient of friction.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.570-573
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• 2012

Avulsion of spinous process, also called Clay-shoveler's fracture, is most prevalent among those engaged in hard physical labor. To the best of the author's knowledge, only one case of multiple spinous process fractures of the upper thoracic spine in a novice golfer has been reported. A 45-year-old female presented with intractable posterior neck pain. The patient experienced a sharp, sudden pain on the neck while swinging a golf club, immediately after the club head struck the ground. Dynamic cervical radiographic findings were C6 and C7 spinous process fractures. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed C6 and C7 spinous process fractures without spinal cord pathology. The patient was treated with pain medications and cervical bracing. The patient's pain gradually improved. The injury mechanism was speculated to be similar to Clay-shoveler's fracture. Lower cervical spinous process fractures can be associated with a golf swing. If the patient complains of long lasting neck pain and has a history of golf activity, further study should be conducted to rule out lower cervical spinous fracture.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.646-655
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• 1990

A practically useful system for elastic-plastic fracture mechanics analysis has been developed. The developed system is comprised of the deformation plasticity failure assessment diagram(DPFAD) approach and the J-integral/Tearing modulus(J/T) approach. The system contains analysis routines for five types of fracture specimens : compact tension, center cracked tension, single edge craked plate in uniform tension, single edge cracked plate in three point bending and double edge cracked plate in tension. A double interpolation scheme was adopted to interpolate J values from the EPRI developed EPFM handbook and the Newton-Raphson method was used to obtain proper loadings for displacement control conditions. A graphic output system was utilized to present numerical results. Several case studies were performed to evaluate the accuracy and the usefulness of the code. It was found that the J/T approach and the DPFAD approach yielded similar results. However, the DPFAD approach is more convenient for qick assessment of integrity of cracked structures while the J/T approach is more useful in evaluating the full history of the fracture process.