• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.866-872
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 Peano curve의 가장자리에 인덕터를 집적한 주파수 가변 소형 metamaterial 안테나를 제안하였다. 제안된 안테나는 1차 Peano curve 평면과 그라운드 평면으로 구성되며, 이 두 평면은 두 개의 단락 post로 연결되어 있다. 이 단락 post와 Peano curve 사이에는 인덕터가 부착되어 있다. 두 인덕터의 inductance를 적절히 선택하여 입력 임피던스 대역폭의 감소 없이 안테나의 동작 주파수를 조절할 수 있다. 안테나의 동작 원리를 설명하기 위해 안테나의 등가 회로를 제시했다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 검증하기 위해 몇 가지 다른 인덕터가 부착된 안테나를 제작했으며, 측정 결과는 시뮬레이션 결과와 매우 잘 일치한다. 인턱터 값 조합에 따라 입력 임피던스의 감소 없이 동작 주파수가 1.47 GHz에서 0.586 GHz로 변함이 측정되었다. 91 nH와 470 nH의 두 인덕터를 집적한 경우, 안테나의 전기적 크기는 $0.0246 {\lambda}{\times}0.0246{\lambda}{\times}0.0114{\lambda}$로 매우 소형이다. 이 때 측정된 입력 임피던스 대역폭$(S_{11}{\leq}-10 dB)$과 방사 효율은 각각 5.22 %와 47.25 %이다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.131-144
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• 1990

It is well known that the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has a prepro-hormone of 151 amino-acids which loses their hydrophobic signal peptide to form 126 amino acid prohormone. The whole prohormone is released and then cleaved by proteases into more than one circulating forms. Recently, Winters et al. (1988a, b) reported that high concentrations of N-terminal fragments of prepro-ANP $(26{\sim}55),\;(56{\sim}92)\;and\;(104{\sim}123)$ were detected in human plasma. However, their physiological roles have not been established. The present study was conducted to determine whether the N-terminal fragments of pro-ANP have any effect on the renal function and to compare the effect with those of G-terminal fragments of pro-ANP The results indicate that intrarenal arterial infusions of prepro-ANP $(26{\sim}41),\;(26{\sim}55),\;(56{\sim}92)\;and\;(104{\sim}123)$ induced no significant changes in renal function. Whereas ${\alpha}-human$ ANP $(prepro-ANP,\;124{\sim}151)$ and pro-ANP caused a significant increase in urine volume, renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, urinary excretions of sodium, chloride and potassium, and fractional excretion of sodium. These results suggest that the N-terminal fragments of pro-ANP are ineffective, while the C-terminal fragments retain the natriuretic and diuretic activities.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.978-984
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 유무인항공기에서 사용될 통달거리 200 km, 전송속도 45 Mbps급 데이터 전송장비의 RF 송수신기에 대해 다룬다. RF 송수신기는 Ku 대역에서 동작하도록 설계되었으며, 상/하향 변환모듈, 고출력 증폭 모듈, 전단 처리 모듈로 구성된다. 제안된 RF 송수신기의 성능을 만족시키기 위해 출력신호 레벨이 10 W급인 전력 증폭기가 요구되었으며, 이는 GaN 소자기반의 전력증폭기로 구현되었다. 또한, 적응형 전송속도 변환기능이 요구되었고, 이를 위해 다양한 대역폭의 신호를 수신할 때의 상호 주파수 간섭을 최소화하기 위하여 6종의 SAW 필터로 구성된 수신기 구조가 적용되었다. 시스템 요구사항의 만족 여부를 확인하기 위해 AWR 시뮬레이션 툴을 이용하였다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.1733-1757
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• 2017

Let $R={\oplus}_{{\alpha}{\in}{\Gamma}}R_{\alpha}$ be an integral domain graded by an arbitrary torsionless grading monoid ${\Gamma}$, ${\bar{R}}$ be the integral closure of R, H be the set of nonzero homogeneous elements of R, C(f) be the fractional ideal of R generated by the homogeneous components of $f{\in}R_H$, and $N(H)=\{f{\in}R{\mid}C(f)_v=R\}$. Let $R_H$ be a UFD. We say that a nonzero prime ideal Q of R is an upper to zero in R if $Q=fR_H{\cap}R$ for some $f{\in}R$ and that R is a graded UMT-domain if each upper to zero in R is a maximal t-ideal. In this paper, we study several ring-theoretic properties of graded UMT-domains. Among other things, we prove that if R has a unit of nonzero degree, then R is a graded UMT-domain if and only if every prime ideal of $R_{N(H)}$ is extended from a homogeneous ideal of R, if and only if ${\bar{R}}_{H{\backslash}Q}$ is a graded-$Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ domain for all homogeneous maximal t-ideals Q of R, if and only if ${\bar{R}}_{N(H)}$ is a $Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ domain, if and only if R is a UMT-domain.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2004

The fractional synthesis rates(FSR) were measured with 2l-wk and 3l-wk-old broiler breeder pullets and hens to investigate the effect of sexual maturity on FSR. The FSR were obtained from chicken tissues and blood samples using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry(HPLC/MS). A L-l-13C, 15N -leucine saline solution was infused by bolus injection as a tracer into broiler breeder pullets in the experiment. A rapid HPLC/MS method was developed to measure the isotopic enrichments of leucine in plasma, tissue samples, and eggs. The enrichments of stable isotope leucine incorporated into protein and the enrichments of the stable isotope free leucine were measured in liver, breast muscle and blood samples. Two sets of experiments were conducted. In experiment one, 2l-wk-old, sexually immature broiler breeder pullets were divided into groups of three and blood samples were collected at 20 or 30 min intervals until 1.5 h from initial injection. The pullets were sacrificed in groups of three at varying time intervals for 7 h after injection. The liver, breast muscle and blood samples were removed for analysis. The FSR were estimated to be 8.7l%/day for liver, 4.06％/day for breast muscle, and 5.08％/day for blood samples in 30 minutes after injection from the enrichment ratios. In experiment two, sexually matured 3l-wk-old broiler breeder hens were assorted into groups of three and blood samples were obtained at 20 or 30 min intervals for 2 h. The FSR for blood samples were determined. The broiler breeder hens were sacrificed in groups of three at various time intervals until 7 h after injection and liver, breast muscle and blood samples were removed for analysis. The FSR were calculated to be 5.96％/day for liver. Eggs were collected from five chickens daily for 10 days after large bolus injection. The average of total enrichments of stable isotope in egg albumin was increased by 0.064% at 4 days after injection and was back to normal in 7 days.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.5043-5047
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• 2014

Nowadays increasing effectiveness in cancer therapy and investigation of formation of new strategies that enhance antiproliferative activity against target organs has become a subject of interest. Although the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis can not be fully explained, it is known that cell suicide program existing in their memory genetically is activated by pathophysiological conditions and events such as oxidative stress. Low pressure (hypobaric) conditions that create hypoxia promote apoptosis by inhibiting cell cycling. In this study, determination of the effects of fractional hypobaric applications at different times on HeLa cells at cellular and molecular levels were targeted. Experiments were carried out under hypobaric conditions (35.2 kPa) in a specially designed hypobaric cabin including 2% $O_2$ and 98% N. Application of fractional hypobaric conditions was repeated two times for 3 hours with an interval of 24 hours. At the end of the implementation period cells were allowed to incubate for 24 hours for activation of repair mechanisms. Cell kinetic parameters such as growth rate (MTT) and apoptotic index were used in determination of the effect of hypobaric conditions on HeLa cells. Also in our study expression levels of the Bcl-2 gene family that have regulatory roles in apoptosis were determined by the RT-PCR technique to evaluate molecular mechanisms. The results showed that antiproliferative effect of hypobaric conditions on HeLa cells started three hours from the time of application and increased depending on the period of exposure. While there was a significant decrease in growth rate values, there was a significant increase in apoptotic index values (p<0.01). Also molecular studies showed that hypobaric conditions caused a significant increase in expression level of proapoptotic gene Bax and significant decrease in antiapoptotic Bfl-1. Consequently fractional application of hypobaric conditions on HeLa cell cultures increased both antiproliferative and apoptotic effects and these effects were triggered by the Bax gene.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제11C권3호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 급증되는 무선통신 서비스의 요구에 맞추어 제안된 UWB 시스템 중 반송파를 사용하지 않은 단일 밴드 UWB 시스템용 임펄스를 제안하였다. 기존의 UWB 시스템의 펄스로 제안된 펄스들의 특성과 문제점을 분석하였고, 이를 토대로 펄스폭의 감쇄기술 없이 초광대역의 신호를 발생시키는 TDMG(Time Delay Multiple Gaussian) 펄스를 제안하였다. 제안한 펄스를 수학적으로 전개하였고, 이를 바탕으로 단일밴드 UWB 시스템용 TDMG 펄스 발생기의 하드웨어 구조를 모델링 하였다. 제안한 TDMG 펄스는 컴퓨터 모와 실험을 통해 기존에 제안되었던 펄스의 성능과 비교하였다. 그 결과 기존의 펄스보다 TDMG 펄스가 중심주파수는 약 1GHz이상 높은 대역으로 이동하였고, l0dB fractional bandwidth는 약 1GHz 이상 넓어졌다. 또 n차로 미분한 경우에도 TDMG 펄스의 중심주파수가 각각 1GHz정도 높은 대역으로 이동하였고, 10dB fractional bandwidth도 각각 1GHz 이상 넓어졌다. 즉 기존에 제안된 펄스보다 TDMG 펄스가 주파수 특성도 우수하고, FCC가 권고한 주파수 대역과 스펙트럼 특성을 만족함으로서 다른 이동 무선 통신시스템과의 간섭이 감소한 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.608-616
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• 2015

The migration of silver (Ag) in silicon carbide (SiC) and $^{110m}Ag$ through SiC of irradiated tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel has been studied for the past three to four decades. However, there is no satisfactory explanation for the transport mechanism of Ag in SiC. In this work, the diffusion coefficients of Ag measured and/or estimated in previous studies were reviewed, and then pre-exponential factors and activation energies from the previous experiments were evaluated using Arrhenius equation. The activation energy is $247.4kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ from Ag paste experiments between two SiC layers produced using fluidized-bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD), $125.3kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ from integral release experiments (annealing of irradiated TRISO fuel), $121.8kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ from fractional Ag release during irradiation of TRISO fuel in high flux reactor (HFR), and $274.8kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ from Ag ion implantation experiments, respectively. The activation energy from ion implantation experiments is greater than that from Ag paste, fractional release and integral release, and the activation energy from Ag paste experiments is approximately two times greater than that from integral release experiments and fractional Ag release during the irradiation of TRISO fuel in HFR. The pre-exponential factors are also very different depending on the experimental methods and estimation. From a comparison of the pre-exponential factors and activation energies, it can be analogized that the diffusion mechanism of Ag using ion implantation experiment is different from other experiments, such as a Ag paste experiment, integral release experiments, and heating experiments after irradiating TRISO fuel in HFR. However, the results of this work do not support the long held assumption that Ag release from FBCVD-SiC, used for the coating layer in TRISO fuel, is dominated by grain boundary diffusion. In order to understand in detail the transport mechanism of Ag through the coating layer, FBCVD-SiC in TRISO fuel, a microstructural change caused by neutron irradiation during operation has to be fully considered.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.135-138
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• 1994

Acyclonucleoside homologues of 1-$(\omega$-cyabnoalkyl)-and 1, 3-bis $(\omega$-cyanoalkyl) uracils were synthesized by the series of alkylation reactions of uracil with the $\omega$-chloroalkyl nitrile ${(Cl-(CH}_2)_n$-CN;n=1, 2, 3, 4) in DMSO under $50-70^circ{C}$ temperature. The 1-$(\omega$-cyanoalkyl)-and 1, 3-bis$(\omega$-cyanoalkyl) uracils were separated either by the fractional crystallization or column chromatography. The antitumor activities for these synthesized compounds were determined against four cell lines (J-82 cell, P388 cell, FM-3A cell and U-937 cell lines). These compounds failed to exhibit any significant antitumor activity.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

희토류 원소의 합금과 화합물은 첨단 산업용 소재의 구성성분이다. 국내에 모나자이트가 매장되어 있으나 자원개발에 많은 어려움이 있다. 희토류광석은 극히 일부 국가에만 매장되어 있고 자국산업의 보호를 위해 수출 통제의 대상이 되고 있다. 희토류 광석의 95%를 차지하는 bastnasite, monazite와 xenotime로부터 희토류 성분을 회수하는 습식과 건식제련공정을 조사하였다. 또한 첨단 소재용으로 사용되는 희토류 화합물은 6N정도의 순도가 요구되므로 희토류 성분을 분리할 수 있는 분별결정, 분별석출, 이온교환 및 용매추출에 대해 조사하였다.