• 식물병연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2017

2015년, 조 바이러스 발생양상을 구명하기 위하여 전국적인 조사를 실시하였다. 주요재배단지 7개 지역에서 이상 증상과 바이러스 병징을 보이는 식물체 100점을 수집하여, RT-PCR 진단과 RNA sequencing 방법을 이용하여 전체 4종의 바이러스를 동정하였다. 수집한 시료에서는 Barley virus G (BVG)가 10점, Rice stripe virus (RSV)는 4점, Northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV), Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV)가 각각 1점씩 검출되었다. 이들중에서 BVG와 NCMV는 국내 조에서 첫 발생보고이며, ScYLV는 Polerovirus속의 신종으로 예상된다. 본 연구결과는 조 식물체의 무병종자와 저항성 품종개발을 위한 기초연구 자료로 이용 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.45-45
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• 2020

A large number of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in public databases have provided an opportunity for the systematic development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. EST-SSRs derived from conserved coding sequences show considerable cross-species transferability in related species. In the present study, we assessed the utility of foxtail millet EST-SSRs in barnyard millet. A total of 312 EST-SSRs of foxtail millet were tested using 84 Echinochloa crus-galli germplasm accessions; a high rate of transferability (62%) and 46 primer sets (13%) were shown the polymorphism in barnyard millet. The 13% of functional EST-SSRs) was demonstrated between cereals and barnyard millet. SSR marker profile data were scored for the computation of pairwise distances as well as a Neighbor Joining (NJ) tree of all the genotypes. The averaged values of gene diversity (H_E) and polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.213 and 0.179 within populations, respectively. The 84 barnyard millet germplasm accessions were divided into five different groups, which agreed well with their geographical origins. The exotic 12 accessions of India type barnyard millet (E. frumentacea) were all separated form Korean local collection genotype. The present results provide evidence of divergence between cultured and wild type barnyard, as a millet and grass. The polymorphic SSR markers indicated in this study were of great value in analysis of genetic diversity that can be further used for crop improvement through breeding.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.101-106
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• 1992

제주도 전통주인 좁쌀약주를 청징화시키기 위하여 원심분리에 의한 청징화 방법, 단백효소제(papain, bromelain, ficin)에 의한 청징화 방법과 한외여과에 의한 청징화 방법들을 검토하여 좁쌀청주의 가장 효과적인 청징화 방법을 모색하고자 하였다. 원심분리에 의해서만은 혼탁물질의 완전한 제거는 불가능하였으며, 단백효소제를 이용한 경우에서는 효소농도 $5{\times}10^{-4}%(w/v)$ 작용시간 2시간, 작용온도 $35^{\circ}C$에서 매우 우수한 청징효과를 나타냈다. 효소별 청징도는 papain과 bromelain은 거의 비슷한 효과를 보였으나, ficin의 청칭력은 약간 떨어졌다. 한외여과(여과막 크기 100k와 $0.22{\mu}m$막)에 의한 청징화는 효소에 의한 최고의 청징화 수준보다 약간 우수한 청징효과를 보였으며, 효소처리에 비하여 향미성분의 손실이나 색도가 좀더 나아서 UF에 의한 청징화 방법이 간단하고 경제적인 방법이었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2018

The physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of several varieties of foxtail millet were evaluated across different seeding periods. Results indicated the moisture, crude ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrate levels of the foxtail millet differed significantly according to the variety and seeding periods. The crude protein contents were highest when harvested during the early-season seeding periods; However, carbohydrate contents were highest when harvested during the late-season seeding periods. The lightness and yellowness of the Hwanggeumjo variety increased significantly as the seeding periods were delayed though the color of the Samdame variety decreased. The swelling power of foxtail millet increased as the seeding periods were delayed. Total polyphenol contents of the Hwanggeumjo and Samdame varieties were 298.68~315.13 and 288.84~297.73 mg GAE/100 g, and flavonoid contents were 181.32~172.92 and 172.49~183.86 mg CE/100 g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity was 104.70~126.89 and 111.75~136.92 mg TE/100 g, and ABTS radical scavenging activity was 88.69~114.64 and 69.80~100.09 mg TE/100 g, respectively. Total polyphenol contents and the radical scavenging activity of Hwanggeumjo were highest when harvested during the seeding periods of the early-season, and Samdame was highest when harvested during the seeding periods of the late-season.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2016

Understanding the genetic variation among landrace collections is important for crop improvement and utilization of valuable genetic resources. The present study was carried out to analyse the genetic diversity and associated population structure of 621 foxtail millet accessions of Korean landraces using 22 EST-SSR markers. A total of 121 alleles were detected from all accessions with an average of 5.5 alleles per microsatellite locus. The average values of gene diversity, polymorphism information content, and expected heterozygosity were 0.518, 0.594, and 0.034, respectively. Following the unweighted neighbor-joining method with arithmetic mean based clustering using binary data of polymorphic markers, the genotypes were grouped into 3 clusters, and population structure analysis also separated into 3 populations. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) explained a variation of 13.88% and 10.99% by first and second coordinates, respectively. However, in PCoA analysis, clear population-level clusters could not be found. This pattern of distribution might be the result of gene flow via germplasm exchanges in nearby regions. The results indicate that these Korean landraces of foxtail millet exhibit a moderate level of diversity. This study demonstrated that molecular marker strategies could contribute to a better understanding of the genetic structure in foxtail millet germplasm, and provides potentially useful information for developing conservation and breeding strategies.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.448-454
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to rapidly evaluate fatty acids in a collection of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv) of different origins so that this information could be disseminated to breeders to advance germplasm use and breeding. To develop the calibration equations for rapid and nondestructive evaluation of fatty acid content, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRs) spectra (1104-2494 nm) of samples ground into flour (n=100) were obtained using a dispersive spectrometer. A modified partial least-squares model was developed to predict each component. For foxtail millet germplasm, our models returned coefficients of determination ($R^2$) of 0.91, 0.89, 0.98 and 0.98 for strearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and total fatty acids, respectively. The prediction of the external validation set (n=10) showed significant correlation between references values and NIRs values ($r^2=0.97$, 0.91, 0.99 for oleic, linoleic, and total fatty acids, respectively). Standard deviation/standard error of cross-validation (SD/SECV) values were greater than 3 (3.11, 5.45, and 7.50 for oleic, linoleic, and total fatty acids, respectively). These results indicate that these NIRs equations are functional for the mass screening and rapid quantification of the oleic, linolenic, and total fatty acids characterizing foxtail millet germplasm. Among the samples, IT153491 showed an especially high content of fatty acids ($84.06mg\;g^{-1}$), whereas IT188096 had a very low content ($29.92mg\;g^{-1}$).

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2010

본 연구는 우리나라와 중국 그리고 파키스탄에서 수집한 재래종 조 계통들에 대하여 형태적 특징에 의한 유전적 변이성 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과 우리나라 및 중국, 파키스탄의 조 계통들은 다음과 같은 형태적 변이를 나타내었다. 1. 형태적 특성조사에 의하면, 우리나라에서 수집한 조 계통들은 중국과 파키스탄에서 수집한 계통들보다 출수기가 늦었고, 초장이 크고, 이삭이 긴 특성을 나타내었다. 반면에 파키스탄에서 수집한 계통들은 출수기가 빠르고, 초장이 작고, 이삭이 짧은 특성을 나타내었으며, 중국에서 수집한 계통들의 경우 일부는 우리나라의 계통들과, 그리고 일부는 파키스탄의 계통들과 비슷한 특성을 각각 지니고 있었다. 2. 분산분석 결과에 의하면, 분석에 이용한 7개의 양적 형질들 중에서 초장(QN1), 엽수(QN3), 마디수(QN4), 출수기(QN6)와 같은 형질들은 우리나라, 중국 그리고 파키스탄에서 수집한 조 계통들 사이에서 현저한 차이를 나타냈다. 3. 이삭길이(QN2)의 경우는 우리나라와 파키스탄, 중국과 파키스탄의 계통들에서만 차이를 나타내었고, 우리나라와 중국의 계통들 사이에서는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 천립중(QN7)의 경우는 우리나라와 중국의 계통들 사이에서만 차이를 나타내었다. 그러나 분얼수(QN5)의 경우는 우리나라, 중국, 파키스탄에서 수집한 조 계통들 사이에서 현저한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 4. 주성분 분석에 이용된 9개의 형질들 중에서 양적 형질인 QN2(이삭 길이), QN1(초장), QN6(출수기), QN3(엽수), QN4(마디수)는 제 1축에서 양의 방향으로 크게 기여하였으며, 반면에 QL5(분얼수), QL1(이삭색), QN7(천립중)은 제 1축에서 음의 방향으로 크게 기여하였다(Table 4). 따라서 이러한 형질들은 우리나라와 중국 그리고 파키스탄의 조 계통들을 식별하는 유용한 형질들인 것으로 생각되었다. 5. 이상의 연구결과는 우리나라를 포함한, 중국 그리고 파키스탄의 재래종 조 계통들의 지리적 분포에 따른 형태적 변이를 이해하는데 유용한 정보하며, 앞으로 우리나라에서 조작물의 유전자원 수집과 보존에 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대가 된다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2014

Spawn is the vegetative growth of the mycelium and serves as the inoculum or seed for cultivating mushrooms. Various cereal grains, such as wheat, millet, barley, sorghum, brown rice, rye, and oat were assessed to compare their characteristics and suitability for spawn production of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). The mycelial growth rates, density, and the number of completely colonized grains were measured from the twentieth day of inoculation. Wheat grains showed fastest mycelial growth with 8.4 cm followed by rye, oat, barley with 8.2, 7.5 and 7.3 cm, respectively. In the mycelial density, foxtail millet, barley, and sorghum were best compared with that of wheat grains. Especially, the number of grains which were completely colonized by mycelia were greatest in foxtail millet with 5,123 grains followed by proso millet, and wheat with 3,052 and 914, respectively. Based on the results obtained, barley, foxtail millet, and sorghum grains would be appropriate substituting for wheat grain in spawn production of button mushroom.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.537-552
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of cooked rice with cereals frequently consumed in Korea by blending ratio. Seven kinds of cereals, white rice, glutinous barley, brown rice, black rice, glutinous rice, glutinous foxtail millet and proso millet, were chosen for the study. According to the results from rapid viscosity analyzer, glutinous barley had the lowest pasting temperature($66.55^{\circ}C$) and black rice had the highest values in the peak(231.77 RVU), trough(162.25 RVU), final viscosity(295.81 RVU) and set back(64.05 RVU)(p<0.05). Water absorption rate by soaking time for black rice and brown rice was increased only 18.77% and 14.57%, respectively, even after 120 minutes, whereas those of other cereals were increased up to 20.28~39.32% after 50 minutes. The pasting characteristics of white rice blended with cereals tended to be lower than white rice in the peak, trough, and final viscosity. Textural property of cooked white rice blended with black rice, brown rice, and glutinous foxtail millet showed a significantly higher value for hardness than that of cooked white rice only(p<0.05). The most preferred blending ratio of the respective cereals was 25% for glutinous barley, 10% for black rice, brown rice and proso millet, and 5% for glutinous foxtail millet and glutinous rice in the sensory evaluation for overall quality, but there were no significant differences except glutinous barley, brown rice and glutinous foxtail millet.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2004

제주민속주인 좁쌀약주의 제조를 위하여 전국에서 수집된 35종의 누룩으로부터 분리하여 선발한 균주를 사용하여 균주와 원료 배합비율에 따른 누룩을 제조한 후 양조과정에서의 발효특성을 검토하였다. 좁쌀주의 유기산은 lactic acid와 acetic acid가 대부분이었고, 이외에 citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid도 일부 검출되었다. 유리당은 glucose와 arabinose, maltose가 많은 함량을 나타내었고, 이외에 xylose도 일부에서 검출되었다. 향기성분은 iso-amyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol 등이 주를 이루고 있었으며, 이외에 ethylacetate, acetaldehyde가 검출되었다. iso-buthyl alcohol과 n-propyl alcohol 대조구인 국순당 누룩이 다른 처리구보다 높게 나타났고, iso-amyl alcohol은 펠릿 형태로 제조한 누룩 처리구가 높게 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 우수균주로 분리하여 제조한 누룩을 사용하여 좁쌀약주를 양조하는 경우, 품질을 유지하면서 수율을 향상시킬 수 있었다.