• Title/Summary/Keyword: four major pains

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Effects of Korean Elder's Four Major Pains on Suicidal Thought Mediated by Depression: Focused on Gyungrodang Users (노인의 사중고(四重苦)가 우울을 매개로 자살생각에 미치는 영향: 경로당 이용자를 중심으로)

  • Shin, Hakgene
    • 한국노년학
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.653-672
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    • 2011
  • The present study empirically confirmed Korean elder's four major pains consisted of poverty, disease, role loss, loneliness and investigated the mediating role of depression between the four major pains and the elder's suicidal thought. To investigate the cause and effect of factors, we conveniently collected 309 samples from 16 Gyungrodangs evenly located in Jeonju and 291 samples, survived the data cleaning such as missing values, outliers, normality and covariance conditions, were analyzed by frequency, factor analysis, reliability, confirmatory factor analysis and structural model analysis. Followed were the selected contributions of the present study. First, the constructs of four major pains such as poverty, disease, role loss, loneliness were predictors of suicidal thought mediated by depression. Second, the elder's poverty, that was the heaviest factor of the four major pain constructs, was a predictor of role loss leading to loneliness. Third, four major pains were predictors of the elder's depression. Note that poverty were not direct but indirect predictor of depression. The present study confirmed the concept of four major pains. Also those who practice in the area of the elderly care should consider the four major pains as well as depression while intervening in the elderly's suicidal thought.

Joint Range of Motion Increase & Decrease Types (체형에 따른 관절운동증진 및 제한형태에 관한 연구)

  • Moon, Sang-Eun
    • Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.373-382
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    • 1997
  • This study has been aimed at figuring out the fact that four kinds of body type grouped according to the tilting of scapular of upper extremity and ilium of low extremity showed the mobility increase for joint parts and the limitation. When we make a thrapy plan which should be comprehensive and general in preventative management and therapy. For the sake of patients who have spinal disabilities including low back pains, it is required for many joints distributing among upper and lower extremity to have hypermobility and hypomobility based on regulation. So, this study was conducted to establish a standard for the effective pattern of hypermobility or hypomobility. I hope that the result of this study can help support the practics of physical therapy as a part of scientic method. Especially I think it will be able to be conductive to those who major in physical therapy on the arthrogenic region.

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Experimental Study of. Clinical Obstetric Nursing Education (임상간호교육의 일실험방법의 효과측정)

  • 최연순
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.217-236
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    • 1971
  • Introduction: The integration of theoretical material in the classroom with clinical practice in the field is an important concept in nursing education. nursing students at all levels need to acquire individual patient's needs, and applying creativity in the comprehensive nursing care. Problem solving and observation skills are important aspects in the development of nursing skills. Nursing students during their clinical work in maternal and child health observed that the major difficulties experienced by new mothers centered around psychological and physiological changes. Breast engagement and throbbing breast pain were the most frequent complaints by primiparas during the postpartum phase. In order to understand the factors affecting the discomfort, and to devise appropriate nursing care, these complaints were experimented. resent study represents an attempt to evaluate the impact of antepartal care (including breast care) on the subsequent of breast feeding difficulties. For the research purposes, hypotheses were made as follows: 1. There is a relationship between breast care and anthemata care attendance. 2. If primiparas practice treat care during their anthemata relied, they will have less throbbing breast pain during the postpartum phase. 3. If primiparas practice breast care during their antenatal period, they will have less breast engagement during the postpartum phase. Method: The researcher selected two highly specialized nurses in maternity clinical ward. They checked mother's chest circumference on the top line of breast every morning including mother's fever, caked breast, and lymphnodes on axillae. These nurses checked mother's breast while they staying hospital for four days. The total number of primiparas were 62 during June 5th to July 15th in 1971 at the Severance Hospital. For 40 days among 62 members of new mothers, 28 of them had breast care during antenatal period. Rest of them did not have breast care during antenstal period. Result: The result of this research revealed that the first hypothesis was accepted that the group which had breast care during antenatal period, had positive relationship with antenatal care. If the mothers were more educated, the more anticipated to antenatal care including breast care. For the second hypothesis, on the delivery day, there was no change on breast between two groups. On the first day of delivery, there were breast throbbing pains to the group who did not receive breast care, than the group who received the breast care. Therefore, second hypothesis was also accepted. For the third hypothesis, there was no breast engagement difference between two groups for the entire period. The third hypothesis was rejected.

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Incidence of postoperative pain after using single continuous, single reciprocating, and full sequence continuous rotary file system: a prospective randomized clinical trial

  • Umesh Kumar;Pragnesh Parmar;Ruchi Vashisht;Namita Tandon;Charan Kamal Kaur
    • Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.91-99
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    • 2023
  • Background: Extrusion of debris is a major factor that results in postoperative pain during root canal treatment with various instruments and instrumentation techniques. Therefore, instrumentation techniques that extrude minimal debris into the periapical area while reducing pain are desirable. This study aimed to compare the incidence of postoperative pain and intake of analgesic medication (frequency and quantity) after endodontic treatment of mandibular posterior teeth using two single files and full-sequence continuous rotary systems with different kinematic motions. Methods: Thirty-five of 105 patients were assigned equally to three groups according to the instrumentation system used: ProTaper Next (PN) X2, 25/06 (Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), One Shape (OS), #0.25/06 (Micro Mega, Besancon, France), and Wave One Gold (WG), Red - #0.25, 0.07 (Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Five specialists were included in this study design; each professional prepared 21 teeth, and randomly selected 7 per instrument system. The VAS sheet ranging from 0 to 10 was used to record the initial and postoperative pains at 24, 48, and 72 h, and 7th day after single visit endodontic treatment in mandibular premolars and molars with a diagnosis of asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis with or without apical periodontitis. Postoperatively, an analgesic, ibuprofen 400 mg was administered for intolerable pain at a dose of 1 tablet for 6 h. The patients were asked over the telephone regarding postoperative pain at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 h, and 7th day using a visual analogue scale. Result: There were no statistically significant differences among the PN, OS, and WG systems (P > 0.05) with regard to the incidence of postoperative pain at any of the four time points assessed. Conclusion: The intensity of postoperative pain, frequency, and analgesic intake were similar across all three types of instrument systems; however, the reciprocating single file (WG) was associated with less postoperative pain than the full sequence continuous rotary file.