• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.105-120
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine dimensions related to effective managerial actions in association with effects of resourcefulness personal and managerial communications and condition s for effective home management on the basis of managerial process. Including elements of managerial process conditions for effective home management were divided into the four factors performance-condition dichotomy timing high level and middle range. In conclusion first the managerial process for effective management can be classified into the four conditions related to each other. That was termed as 'conditions for effective home management' Second the most influential variables on conditions for effective home management were personal and managerial communication. The four conditions for effective home management need to include communicaion. Third resuorcefulness was a crucial factor in relation to home management resources division. It is recommedned that resuorcefulness needs to de elop managerial actions of housewives.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1217-1228
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• 2014

A method for faulted line detection of four parallel lines on the same tower is presented, based on four-summing and double-differential sequences of one terminal current. Four-summing and double-differential sequences of fault current can be calculated using a certain transformation matrix for parameter decoupling of four parallel transmission lines. According to fault boundary conditions, the amplitude and phase characteristics of four-summing and double-differential sequences of fault current is studied under conditions of different types of fault. Through the analysis of the relationship of terminal current and fault current, a novel methodology for fault line detection of four parallel transmission line on the same tower is put forward, which can pick out the fault lines no matter the fault occurs in single line or cross double lines. Simulation results validate that the methodology is correct and reliable under conditions of different load currents, transient resistances and fault locations.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.52-67
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• 1999

The primary purpose of this study was to analyze the types of home managers in association with effects of resourcefulness, communication and the conditions for effective home management＇ proposed by Shape and Winter(1991). A survey was conducted by subjects of 300 wives in Kwangju city. The statistical data were obtained by cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan＇s test and chi-square test. Manager types based on the four conditions, resourcefulness and communication were classified into four clusters. Educational background, job status, family types, family life cycle and age difference between the oldest and the youngest child of the subjects were different from manager types. In conclusion, this study identified the four conditions of performance-condition dichotomy, timing, high level and middle range, resourcefulness, and communications in order to develop managerial capability. (Korean J Human Ecology 2(1) : 52∼67, 1999)

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.169-181
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• 1997

Kimi(氣味) means five tastes(五味), sour, bitterness, sweetness, hot taste and astringency, and four conditions(四氣), cold, hot, warm and cool, in the oriental medicine. This is defined based on yn-yang 5 evolutive phasis(陰陽五行), and 5 evolutive phasis on the change of season. Four seasons, spring, summer, autumm, winter are clearly different but, the rainy season(長夏) is not. In the thee of Ki (氣), not worm not hot(平) is included in addition to the four conditions that is because the rainy season is not differentiated clearly. KImi have realations to the four seasons, that is, warm and hot taste is considered as spring, hot and astringency as summer, not worm not hot and sweetness as rainy season, cool and sour as autumm, and cold and bitterness as winter. 4 conditions can be classified more detail, because the changes of the seasons are continuous. In the action mechanisms, Gardeniae Fructus reduces Heat of Insufficency Type(虛熱) of the upper class of medicinal herbs(上焦), and Rhel Rhizoma reduces Exessive Heat(實熱) of the under class of them(下焦). The assay methods for four groups medicines can be developed in three ways according to the indicators as follows. First, by the indicator which defines cold-acting medicine(寒性藥) such as Rhei Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus and is differentiated clearly from Hot-acting medicine(熱性藥) at the same time. Second, when the medicines are classified into another four groups as Drugs for Dispelling Internal Cold(溫裏藥), Drugs for Relieving Exterior Syndrome(解表藥), Drugs for Dispelling Phlegm(祛痰藥), Drugs for Regulatings Ki Flow(理氣藥), by the indicator which satisfies each group and is differentiated from other groups, at the same time. Third, by the indicator which has to be defined for each medicinal herb for four classification, individually.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.101-129
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• 2017

Local transient extreme wind loads caused by group tower-related interference are among the major reasons that lead to wind-induced damage of super-large cooling towers. Four-tower arrangements are the most commonly seen patterns for super-large cooling towers. We considered five typical four-tower arrangements in engineering practice, namely, single row, rectangular, rhombic, L-shaped, and oblique L-shaped. Wind tunnel tests for rigid body were performed to determine the influence of different arrangements on static and dynamic wind loads and extreme interference effect. The most unfavorable working conditions (i.e., the largest overall wind loads) were determined based on the overall aerodynamic coefficient under different four-tower arrangements. Then we calculated the one-, two- and three-dimensional aerodynamic loads under different four-tower arrangements. Statistical analyses were performed on the wind pressure signals in the amplitude and time domains under the most unfavorable working conditions. On this basis, the non-Gaussian distribution characteristics of aerodynamic loads on the surface of the cooling towers under different four-tower arrangements were analyzed. We applied the Sadek-Simiu procedure to the calculation of two- and three-dimensional aerodynamic loads in the cooling towers under the four-tower arrangements, and the extreme wind load distribution patterns under the most unfavorable working conditions in each arrangement were compared. Finally, we proposed a uniform equation for fitting the extreme wind loads under the four-tower arrangements; the accuracy and reliability of the equation were verified. Our research findings will contribute to the optimization of the four-tower arrangements and the determination of extreme wind loads of super-large cooling towers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.136-147
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• 2012

The human resources of an enterprise is very important to survive in these days of business environment. This study investigates the influence of four behavioral types in MBTI (Myer-Briggs Type Indicator) and working conditions on organizational effectiveness. Job satisfaction and immersion have been regarded as a key conception of organizational effectiveness. The focus of this study is to investigate the effects of R&D employee's four behavioral types in MBTI and working conditions on organizational effectiveness. The results of this study show that organizational effectiveness is influenced by personality types and working conditions. According to the result, First, about the analysis of differences in job satisfaction, EP (Extraversion Perceiving)-type (3.56) and EJ (Extraversion Judging)-type (3.43) are higher than IJ (Introversion Judging)-type (3.07) and IP (Introversion Perceiving)-type (3.03) of four behavioral types in MBTI. So an enterprise makes various efforts to enhance job satisfaction for IJ (Introversion Judging)-type and IP (Introversion Perceiving)-type. Second, For improving the organizational effectiveness that is job satisfaction and immersion, an enterprise must make favorable working conditions to each four behavioral types in MBTI of R&D employees. In order to improve job satisfaction, the enterprise will provide IJ (Introversion Judging)-type with support for collegiality and IP (Introversion Perceiving)-type with good relationships with superiors. and also the enterprise gives autonomic authority to EJ (Extraversion Judging)-type. Finally, in the case of EP (Extraversion Perceiving)-type, the enterprise must admit failure for efforts. In order to improve job immersion, the enterprise will provide IP (Introversion Perceiving)-type with good relationships with superiors, the vision of company and compensation for creative work. and also the enterprise gives autonomic authority to EJ (Extraversion Judging)-type.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.67-85
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• 2014

This study compares and analyzes the fashion industry of Korea with that of China and Japan, the two countries geographically and culturally adjacent to Korea, by applying the generalized double diamond model to find useful measures to strengthen the global competitiveness of the Korean fashion industry. The fashion industries of Korea, China and Japan were first compared in terms of the four determinants of the double diamond model: thereafter, the double diamond model of Korea, China and Japan were compared. In this, study 31 sub-variables were extracted to measure the eight determinants and secondary data were collected from selected sources between January 2013 and May 2014. The results of comparing the domestic diamond models showed that: China is considerably better than Korea and Japan in terms of demand conditions, firm strategy, organization, and competition conditions while Japan is superior in terms of demand conditions and Korea shows better related and supporting industries conditions. When comparing and analyzing the international diamond models, Japan is superior in terms of factor conditions and China has better demand conditions, while Korea has failed to lead in any of the four determinants. When comparing and analyzing the comprehensive diamond model per country, China show superior demand conditions and firm strategy, organization, and competition conditions, Japan has better factor conditions, and Korea shows superior related and supporting industries conditions.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.333-341
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• 2013

In this paper, a feedback linearization control is proposed to regulate the output voltages of a three-phase four-wire inverter under the unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions. First, the nonlinear model of system including the output LC filters is derived in the d-q-0 synchronous reference frame. Then, the system is linearized by the multi-input multi-output feedback linearization. The tracking controllers for d-q-0-components of three-phase line-to-neutral load voltages are designed by linear control theory. The experimental results have shown that the proposed control method gives the good performance in response to the load conditions.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.427-437
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• 1994

Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of sludge acclimation and contact load on the behavior of phosphorus and organic substrates under anaerobic conditions. Four different sludges were acclimated in the sequencing batch reactors operated by intermittent aeration. All the experiments performed in a bench scale have shown the following results: 1. The unreleaseable phosphorus contents for four different sludges are the range of 16 mg P/g SS to 24 mg P/g SS, depending on the sludge acclimation conditions. 2. All the specific substrate uptake rates(SSUR) are expressed in the first order equation for releaseable phosphorus contents. The reaction rate coefficient k, has the values of 4.0, 8.9, and 13.8 mg COD/mg P/hr, depending on the contact load and slut식e species. 3. As reaction proceeds, the ratios of $\delta$P to -$\delta$COD at high contact load are almost constant in the range of 0.10 to 0.14, but at low contact load, they increase from 0.08 to 0.27.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.687-696
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• 1999

Characteristics of four publicly-available accidental release models, ALOHA, SLAB, HGSYSTEM, and DEGADIS, are compared. These models are world-widely used and recently recommended by the Chemical Dispersion and Consequence Assessment(CDCA) Working Group of the United States as models applicable to generally broad safety-basis documentation applicatons. Four release scenarios are assumed by referring to the usage and storage conditions of toxic substances in the field as well as the USEPA model guideline(1993). Sensitivity of impact radius by varying meteorological conditions is tested in typical and worst-case meteorological conditions. The results show that ALOHA generally gives conservative estimates and the results from HGSYSTEM are sensitive to variations in meteorological conditions.