• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.933-943
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• 1997

In this paper, a conernt-based image retrival system with color assigments has been stueide and implment-ed. The color of images has been extracted after changing RGB color space to HSV(hue, saturation, value)that is the most compatible color for peop]e's feeling. In the color extracting, an image is divided into 9 different areasand 3 major colors for each area are selected by using color histograms. It is possible to chose the class of umages by keywords. We are evaluate four different types of queries such as an image input, keywords with color assignments, combining an image input and keywords with color assinments, and selecting specific part of an umage. Experimental rusults show that four different query types privide precision/recall 0.55/0.37, 0.57/0.43, 0.59/0.45 and 0.63/0.61, respectively. With color assignments, the retrieval system has been able to obtain high performance and validity.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1997

The objectives of color reproduction in printing, photography, and digital hard-copy is an important problem. The Color is obsorved differently from illumination an obsorvation condition, and varied according to individual taste. Generally, the color reproduction system is designed with colorimetric color reproduction method. But the color gamut of the color reproduction system is different each other and the one device has nonlinear relationalship between the other. By these reason, to predict the reproduced color based on linear color transform method is difficult. Some methods of non-linear color transform by neural network was proposed. These method was theoretical useful and valid to transform from CIE color to device color. But more studies were needed to realize the non-linear color transform system. In this paper, we described a method to realize the non-linear color transform system by neural network. The optimum structure of the non-linear color transform system was found out. The structure of descrived system has four layer( input, output and two hidden layers.) Input and output layer have 3 units, and a hidden layer has 27 units. We trained 216 color-samples, and estimated the realized color transform system by 1115 color-samples. The average color difference between original color samples and transformed color samples was 2.54.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.65-80
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• 1996

Ink trap is one of the important factors to determine the color in multi-color overprints. This study was carried out for the purpose for analyzing the relationships between ink traps and color differences in two-color solid overprints. The specimens were printed under four different conditions that the overprinting ink sequence of M(Magenta) or C(Cyan) and the overprinting method of W(Wet-on-Wet) or D(Wet-on-Dry) were changed altermately, that is M+C-W or C+M-W and M+C-D or C+M-D.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.14-17
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• 2014

We studied visual clarity according to the difference of color temperature by using black and white printed paper and four sheets of colored paper under LEDs. We tested students in their twenties, under 3,000, 4,000, 5,700 and 6,500K LEDs (Ra=80). The results show visual clarity is proportioned to color temperature.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2012

The visual sensing of human hands plays an important part in many man-machine interaction/interface systems. Most existing visionbased hand detection techniques depend on the color cues of human skin. The RGB color image from a vision sensor is often transformed to another color space as a preprocessing of hand detection because the color space transformation is assumed to increase the detection accuracy. However, the actual effect of color space transformation has not been well investigated in literature. This paper discusses a comparative evaluation of the pixel classification performance of hand skin detection in four widely used color spaces; RGB, YIQ, HSV, and normalized rgb. The experimental results indicate that using the normalized red-green color values is the most reliable under different backgrounds, lighting conditions, individuals, and hand postures. The nonlinear classification of pixel colors by the use of a multilayer neural network is also proposed to improve the detection accuracy.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.255-261
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different drinks on the color parameters of four different restorative materials. Materials and Methods: Three different composites (Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative, Filtek Ultimate Flowable, and Filtek Silorane, 3M ESPE) and a polyacid-modified composite resin material (Dyract XP, Dentsply DeTrey GmbH) were evaluated. Eighty-four disc-shaped specimens of 8 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness were prepared (n = 21 each). Color coordinates ($L^*a^*b^*$, ${\Delta}L^*$, ${\Delta}a^*$, ${\Delta}b^*$, and ${\Delta}E^*$) were measured using a $V{\dot{I}}TA$ Easyshade Compact ($V{\dot{I}}TA$ Zahnfabrik) after 24 hr of storage (baseline) and after 30 day of storage in three different beverages of black tea, Coca cola, or water (control) (n = 7). In each beverage, the specimens were stored three times a day, one hr each, for 30 day. The color changes (${\Delta}E$) were calculated and were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn multiple comparison test. Results: The color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) of the resin materials ranged between 1.31 and 15.28 after 30 day of immersion in the staining solutions. Dyract XP in Coca cola ($15.28{\pm}2.61$) and black tea ($12.22{\pm}2.73$) showed the highest mean ${\Delta}E^*$ value after 30 day, followed by Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative ($5.99{\pm}1.25$) and Filtek Ultimate Flowable ($4.71{\pm}1.40$) in black tea (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The compomers displayed unacceptable color changes at the end of 30 day in all beverages. Among resin composites, the silorane based composite exhibited relatively good color stability than the others. Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative and Filtek Flowable showed similar color changes in all beverages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.945-962
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• 2022

This study examines the use of traditional patterns by new Hanbok brands. A Saekdong print pattern based on previous research was developed and applied to clothing designs. A total of 488 images of printed products from the seven new Hanbok brands and 219 images from the collections of the National Folk Museum of Korea were analyzed. Traditional patterns accounted for 47.4% of the total printed products of the new Hanbok designs, with the following ratio of use, in descending order: flower patterns, traditional paintings, animals, geometrical designs, Dancheong, text and others, Jogakbo, and Saekdong. Saekdong was found in three brand products, and the color or shape was modified. To develop the Saekdong image, five colors - red, yellow, blue, white, and green - were selected. The ratio of use for each color and the width of each color were determined with reference to previous studies. The average color value was determined through color analysis of the Saekdong collections. A total of seven items were designed for the print pattern, and four items were added for coordination to consist of four styles. This study aims to use the results of this analysis to provide insights into product development using traditional patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

We studied visual clarity according to the difference of color temperature and color rendering by using black and white printed paper and four sheets of colored paper under different kinds of lamps and same kind lamps. The results show visual clarity is proportioned to average color rendering index approximately except incandescent lamps and to color temperature under incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, high pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps and electrode less discharge lamps.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.34-45
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• 2008

This research was designed to find decision factors through color assortment planning process by Korean women's clothing merchandisers and to look for if there exists difference with American women's clothing merchandisers. A merchandise assortment is a collection of various quantities of styles, colors, sizes, and prices of related merchandise, usually grouped under one classification within a department. The subjects were 20 women's clothing merchandisers who work for clothing retail stores from 5 to 22 years in US and Korea. The authoring process was done for qualitative data analysis. The decision factors of color assortment planning were identified with four stages; information search, qualitative evaluation, quantitative evaluation, and selection. There were differences of color assortment decision factors due to different business types, business sizes, fashion-ability, sourcing ways, and merchandise turnover. Noticeable color assortment decision factor differences caused by country difference were not found except considering the target market ethnicity and skin color in US market. Korea merchandisers seem to be more sensitive to present sales data usages and spot order availability in color assortments because of more local production use than American merchandisers.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.5
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• pp.53-58
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to explore how people's evaluation and preference on color palettes differ based on their cultural background. This study used the same color palettes developed by Youngsoon Park and Denise Guerin(1992). Fourteen representative adjectives are used to analyze the meaning evaluation and preference on the six color palletes. 425 undergraduate students are se-lected from Korea, Japan, U.S. and England and ques-tionnaire was used as survey instrument. The results show that there are significant differences among the four countries in the meaning evaluation and preferences on the color palettes and the characteristics of color palettes influence the differences among the countries. The differences among the countries decrease in case of color palettes composed of warm color with low or medium value difference and chroma difference, while the differences increase in case of color palette characterized by strong color contrast with high or medi-um value difference and chroma difference. The result of color meaning evaluation can be catego-rized into Western and Eastern culture. Korea and U.S., and Japan and U.S. showed significant differences in the most words and Korea and Japan showed similarities in the most words. Therefore it can be concluded that cul-tural backgrounds related to race, region and history in-fluence the color meaning evaluation and preference. Fur-ther study should explore the relationship between color and culture using more various color instruments such as color palettes in order to categorize the various aspects of culture.