• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 Mg합금의 반응고성형 공정기술을 개발하기 위하여 여러 가지 전단속도와 냉각속도에 따른 Mg합금의 점도와 딕소트러픽 거동을 분석하였으며, 이를 전산모사연구와 비교 검토하였다. 전산모사연구에서는 미세조직과 공정변수를 고려한 반응고 슬러리의 유변학적 거동을 분석하였다. 반응고 온도영역에서의 Mg합금(AZ91D) 슬러리의 점도는 고상율에 따라 지수함수적으로 증가하였으며, 전단속도가 증가하면 감소하는 경향을 나타났다. Mg합금 슬러리의 유변학적 거동을 정확하게 분석하기 위하여 Carreau 모델을 사용하여 ANYCAST 프로그램에서 고압다이캐스팅용 금형으로의 Mg합금 반응고 슬러리의 충진거동을 모사하였다. 전산모사된 결과는 동일한 조건에서의 실제 실험결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2009

The characterestics of high Si-high Mo ductile cast iron, high Si-high Mo C.V. cast iron and Ni-resist cast iron were compared and evaluated. The nodule count of the last one was lower and the nodularity was higher than those for the first one, respectively. The first two had ferritic matrices with small amounts of molybdenum carbides. The first one had the highest tensile strength and the last one the lowest elongation. This had the highest high temperature strength and that of the second one was greatly increased from the room temperature strength. The volumes of the first two were decreased during cooling and that of the last one changed little. The thermal expansion coefficient of the last one was the highest and the first one the lowest. During high temperature oxidation, even though the volume of the first one was increased, the weight was decreased and the volume and weight of the second one were increased. The change of the increased weight of the last one was more than that of thickness.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2009

The effects of alloying elements on the mechanical properties of 3.6wt%C-2.6wt%C ductile cast iron poured into shell stack molds were investigated. The strength and hardness of the specimens obtained from the center layer in the 5-story stack mold were the lowest and those for other specimens were increased with increased distance from the center. The strength and hardness of the specimens obtained from the center layer were decreased with increased number of layers of the shell stack mold. The strength and hardness of the smaller specimens with the diameter of 9.5 mm were higher than those of 17.5 mm. On the other hand, the elongation of the former was lower than that of the latter. The strength and hardness were increased and the elongation was decreased roughly with the increased amounts of manganese and copper added, respectively. The strength and hardness were increased with the incrcased amount of molybdenum added to 0.40wt% and rather decreased with that to 0.80wt%. Those were greatly increased with the increased amount of tin added and the elongation was roughly decreased with it.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.170-178
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• 2014

Using the Gleeble test, the effects of [Mn/S] ratios and the presence of sulfides on the high-temperature fracture morphology of heavy-section steel castings were analysed via the observations of the microstructures. The specimens for which the [Mn/S] ratio was in the range of 60~80 showed a ductile fracture morphology with an area reduction of more than 60%, while some specimens with similar [Mn/S] ratios showed a brittle fracture morphology with an area reduction of 0.0% due to the liquidation of sulfides at the grain boundary. The fracture morphology was classified into three types in the Gleeble high-temperature tensile test specimens. The first type showed dimple formation at the grain boundary, the formation of globular MnS sulfides, and plastic deformation of sulfides at an elevated temperature, indicating a needle-point type of ductile fracture with area reductions of 96.0~97.8%. The second type was a knife-edge type brittle fracture with an area reduction of 0.0% due to the film-type liquidation of sulfides at the grain boundary, band-type liquidation, and the liquidation of a terraced nipple pattern. The third type was the typical ductile fracture with an area reduction of 31.3~81.0%, in accordance with the mixture of dimples with in the grains and terraced nipple pattern at the grain boundary.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.124-128
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• 2008

The nitride layer was formed on Ti and Ti-10 wt.%Ta-10 wt.%Nb alloy by a plasma nitriding method. Temperature was selected as the main experimental parameter for plasma nitriding. XRD, EDX, and hardness test were employed to analyze the evolution and material properties of the layer. The SEM observation of TiN nitride layer revealed that the thickness of nitride layer tended to increase with increasing temperature. ${\delta}-TiN$, ${\varepsilon}-Ti_{2}N$ and ${\alpha}-Ti$ phases were detected by XRD analysis and the preferred orientation of TiN nitride layer was obviously observed at (220) plane with increasing temperature. From XRD analysis after step polishing the nitride specimens treated at $850^{\circ}C$, as polishing from the surface, TiN and $Ti_{2}N$ phases decreased gradually. After polishing the surface by $4{\um}m$, a small amount of $Ti_{2}N$ and ${\alpha}-Ti$ phases were observed. The adhesive strength test result indicated that adhesive strength increased with increasing temperature.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2017

Microstructural evolution of cast Hastelloy X during thermal exposure has been investigated. OM, SEM, and TEM microscopy were carried out on the as-cast, the standard heat treated, and the thermally exposed conditions. Tensile tests were also conducted to understand the effect of microstructural evolution on the degradation of tensile properties. Coarse $M_6C$ and fine $M_{23}C_6$ carbides were found in as-cast Hastelloy X with fine carbides on sub-boundary. Some of $M_{23}C_6$ carbide dissolved into the matrix during solution heat treatment and dislocation network formed at the interface between the carbide and the matrix due to the misfit strain. There was no significant microstructural difference between the exposed specimens at $400^{\circ}C$ and the solution heat treated specimen. A large amount of $M_{23}C_6$ carbides precipitated along and near grain boundaries and sub-boundaries after exposure at $650^{\circ}C$. Exposure at $870^{\circ}C$ of the alloy caused precipitation of $M_6C$ and ${\mu}$. The strength increased and the elongation decreased by thermal exposure at $650^{\circ}C$ and $870^{\circ}C$ because carbides interfere with the movement of the dislocation. It was found that the precipitation of carbide gave significant effects on the tensile properties of Hastelloy X.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2017

The effects of minor additives on the casting properties of AC4A aluminum alloys were investigated. Measurements of the cooling curve and microstructure observations were conducted to analyze the effects of Ti-B and Sr minor elements during the solidification process. A fine grain size and an increase in the crystallization temperature for the ${\alpha}-Al$ solution were evident after the addition of 0.1wt% Al-5%Ti-1%B additive. The modification effect of the eutectic $Mg_2Si$ phase with the addition of 0.05% Al-10%Sr additive was prominent. A fine eutectic $Mg_2Si$ phase and a decrease in the growth temperature of the eutectic $Mg_2Si$ phase were evident. Fluidity, shrinkage and solidification-cracking tests were conducted to evaluate the castability of the alloy. The combined addition of Al-5%Ti-1%B and Al-10%Sr additives showed the maximum filling length owing to the effect of the fine ${\alpha}-Al$ grains. The macro-shrinkage ratio increased, while the micro-shrinkage ratio decreased with the combined addition of Al-5%Ti-1%B and Al-10%Sr additives. The macro-shrinkage ratio was nearly identical, while the micro-shrinkage ratio increased with the addition of the Al-10%Sr additive. The tendency of the occurrence of solidification cracking decreased owing to the effect of the fine ${\alpha}-Al$ grains and the modification of the $Mg_2Si$ phase with the combined addition of Al-5%Ti-1%B and Al-10%Sr additives.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2020

Microstructural evolution during a heat treatment and high-temperature tensile properties have been investigated in conventionally cast CM247LC. In as-cast specimens, MC carbides with high amounts of Ta, Ti, Hf, and W were found to exist in the interdendritic regions, and γ' was observed in the form of cubes and octocubes prior to decomposition into cubes. In the heat-treated condition, some portion of eutectic γ-γ' remained, and uniform cubic γ' was observed in both interdendritic regions and dendrite core. Three types of carbides with different stoichiometries and compositions were found at the grain boundaries. MC carbides with high Hf contents were observed in the vicinity of eutectic γ-γ'. The highest tensile strength value was found at 750℃, whereas the greatest ductility appeared at 649℃. The effect of the temperature on the tensile properties was closely related to the dislocation structure. With increase in the test temperature, the density of dislocations inside γ' decreased, whereas that in the γ matrix increased. Stacking faults generated in γ' at 750℃ had a strengthening effect, whereas thermally activated dislocation motion at a high temperature was considered to have the opposite effect.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1996

최근 폐기물에 의한 환경오염이 큰 사회적인 문제로 대두되고 있으며, 특히 산업체에서 발생되는 폐기물에 큰 관심이 주어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 주물업계에서 발생하는 폐주물사를 재활용하기 위한 효율적인 재생방법 및 주물에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해, 최근에 많이 사용하게 되어 다량으로 발생하는 폐자경성 후란주물사의 재생에 대해 연구하였다. 현재 산업체에서 사용하고 있는 기계적 방법 및 뉴매틱 방법의 여러 가지 단점들을 개선하기 위하여, 연소방법 중 가장 효과적인 유동층에서 후란 주물사를 연소법으로 재생하였다. 후란점결제와 경화제 등을 완전 연소시키기 위해서는 유동층의 온도가 약 $650~700^{\circ}C$의 범위가 적절하였다. 주형을 제작하였을 때, 연소법에 의한 재생사가 뉴매틱법에 의한 것보다 표면 안정도와 강도가 각각 4% 및 7.2%로 크게 나타났다. 또한, 연소법의 순수 재생에너지 비용을 산출하면 주물사 톤당 약 1만원으로, 신사 구입의 비용인 약 5만원에 비하면 매우 저렴해서 산업화가 되면 주물사의 구입비가 절약되고, 매립에 의한 환경오염 문제들을 해소할 수 있다. 따라서 효과적인 폐자원의 리싸이클링으로 최근 침체되어 가는 주물업계의 국제 경쟁력 제고와 청정기술의 산업화를 할 수 있는 자료들을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2021

다양한 합금계에 대한 계산열역학은 CALPHAD 기법으로 잘 알려져있다. 실험적으로 측정된 열역학 특성들을 활용하여 각 상에 대한 Gibbs 에너지 모델 파라미터들을 구하여, 주로 실험적으로 측정되지 못한 영역에 대한 예측이나 실험 결과에 대한 열역학 해석에 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 내열 주조 합금 (IN-657)이 장시간 사용 후에 일정 영역에서 파괴되는 현상의 열역학적 해석을 위해 Ni-Cr-Nb-C 사원계 시스템의 열역학 모델링을 수행하였고, Cr 함량에 따른 시스템의 안정상, 온도에 따른 상분율 및 Ni₂Cr상의 long range ordering 파라미터를 계산하였고 실험결과와 비교하였다. 계산된 열역학 물성들은 실험으로 보고된 파괴온도 영역 및 해당 영역에서 생성된 안정상에 대한 결과를 잘 설명한다. CALPHAD 기법을 통한 열역학 모델링은 다양한 주조 합금의 열역학적 거동을 해석하고 예측하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.