• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.519-526
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• 2020

Non-stationary random seismic response and reliability of multi-degree of freedom hysteretic structure system are studied based on the cumulative damage failure mechanism. First, dynamic Eqs. of multi-degree of freedom hysteretic structure system under earthquake action are established. Secondly, the random seismic response of a multi-degree freedom hysteretic structure system is investigated by the combination of virtual excitation and precise integration. Finally, according to the damage state level of structural, the different damage state probability of high-rise frame structure is calculated based on the boundary value of the cumulative damage index in the seismic intensity earthquake area. The results show that under the same earthquake intensity and the same floor quality and stiffness, the lower the floor is, the greater the damage probability of the building structure is; if the structural floor stiffness changes abruptly, the weak layer will be formed, and the cumulative damage probability will be the largest, and the reliability index will be relatively small. Meanwhile, with the increase of fortification intensity, the reliability of three-level structure fortification is also significantly reduced. This method can solve the problem of non-stationary random seismic response and reliability of high-rise buildings, and it has high efficiency and practicability. It is instructive for structural performance design and estimating the age of the structure.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.131-135
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• 1988

Lactobacillus acidophilus KFCC12731과 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KFCC32017을 두유 배지에 접종하여 산생성 조건을 검토하였다. L. acidophilus를 단독배양하는 것보다 S. cerevisiae와 혼합배양하는 것이 산생성이 많았다. 이 두 균을 대두유 배지에 혼합배양하였을 경우 최적조건은 다음과 같았다. 두유에 sucrose를 1,5% 또는 skim milk를 2.0~3.0% 첨가하고 L. acidophilus와 S. cerevisiae의 접종비율은 OD 600 값으로 3 : 7~8 : 2가 되게 접종하여 34$^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 이상 배양할 때 산생성이 최대가 되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 1979

쌀단백질(蛋白質)의 아미노 강화효과와 과잉강화에 의한 쌀단백질(蛋白質)의 아미노산(酸) 불균형 현상(現像)을 살펴보기 위하여 시판(市販) 백미(白米)에 $0.25{\sim}1.0%$ 수준으로 L-lysin HCI를 강화하여 동물(動物) 사육실험(飼育實驗)을 행(行)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 강화력이 0.25%일 때 체중증가량(增加量) 및 PER이 가장 높았다. 2. $0.5%{\sim}1.0%$ 수준에선 첨가하지 않은 대조군보다 PER이 높았으나 0.25% 보다는 낮았다. 3. 강화수준 1.0%까지는 아미노산(酸) 불균형으로 인한 강화 역효과는 나타나지 않았다.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Micronutrient malnutrition severely affects development and functioning of the body leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design; cluster sampling was used to target 318 households. The significance level was P < 0.05, the mean age of primary food shoppers was 33 years and the average income was 3,000-5,000 Kenya shillings. Slightly above half, 55% of the primary food shoppers knew about fortification but only 25% understood its meaning. Fortified maize flour was consumed by < 80% of primary food shoppers however utilization frequency was low. In conclusion factors that were significantly associated with utilization of fortified maize flour included; knowledge on fortified maize flour (p=0.00), household size (p=0.005), preference of fortified maize flour (p=0.000) and level of fortification knowledge (p=0.002). Availability and price were ranked as the most important factors that influence utilization of fortified maize flour at 58% and 55% contrary nutritional value was ranked least important at 37%. The ministry of health and concerned millers should make more emphasis on creating and sustaining awareness more so a steady supply and affordable prices should be ensured by millers so that more primary food shoppers can be able to utilize the fortified maize flour.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.492-503
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recently, the recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) for vitamin D for Malaysian aged 1-70 yrs has been revised from 5 ㎍/day to 15 ㎍/day. This study is aimed to assess the adequacy of vitamin D intake based on revised RNI and to recommend several dietary strategies to increase total vitamin D intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Vitamin D intake from both food and supplement of 217 pregnant women was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Hypothetical effect of expanded supplementation and food fortifications strategies were modelled using the consumption data. RESULTS: The results revealed that more than half (67.7%) of pregnant women had inadequate vitamin D intake (RNI < 15 ㎍/day). The modelling results demonstrated the potential of universal provision of 10 ㎍/day of multivitamins supplements in increasing vitamin D intake. Moreover, mandatory fortification of both milk and malted drink at single level of 5 ㎍/serving would lead to increase in vitamin D intake of Malaysians, particularly pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of this study can be used as a reference for public health professionals to re-evaluate the existing Malaysian food fortification policies and supplementation recommendation for vitamin D for pregnant women.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2023

Earth fissures with several kilometers will inevitably approach or cross the metro line, significantly threatening the safety of the underground structure in the earth fissure site. However, the influence of the earth fissure site's amplification effect on the metro station's dynamic response is still unclear. A representative earth fissure in Xi'an was taken as an example to establish a numerical model of a metro station in the earth fissure site. The dynamic response characteristics of the metro stations at different distances from the earth fissure under various seismic waves were calculated. The results show that the existence of the earth fissure significantly amplifies the dynamic response of the nearby underground structures. The responses of the axial force, shear force, bending moment, normal stress, horizontal displacement, inter-story drift, and relative slip of the metro station were all amplified within a specific influence range. The amplification effect increases with the seismic wave intensity. The amplification effect caused by the earth fissure has relatively weak impacts on the axial shear, shear force, bending movement, normal stress, and horizontal movement; slightly larger impacts on the inter-story drift and acceleration; and a significant impact on the relative slip. The influence ranges of the axial force and normal stress are approximately 20 m. The influence ranges of the acceleration and inter-story drift can reach 30 m. Therefore, the seismic fortification level of the underground structure in the earth fissure site needs to be improved.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2002

서울시내 백화점과 대형 마트에서 판매되는 칼슘강화식품을 조사하여 이들을 곡류가공품, 우유 및 유제품, 식.어육가공품, 라면류, 레토르트식품, 쥬스 및 음료류, 기타로 분류하고 각 제품에 표기된 영양표시를 중심으로 현재 우리나라 칼슘강화 현황과 영양표시 실태를 살펴보았다. 그러나 본 조사에서는 특정인을 위한 건강보조식품이나 특수영양식품 및 유아용 조제유와 이유식은 대상에서 제외하였다. 조사된 캄슘강화식품은 총 81건이었으며 곡류가공품, 라면류를 중심으로 광범위한 식품군에 강화되었다. 특히 칼슘이 기호식품에 첨가됨으로서 소비자의 식사 패턴과 기호도에 따라 개인별로 칼슘 섭취량의 차이가 클 가능성이 있었다. 그리고 칼슘강화식품은 대부분 칼슘이 단독으로 강화되었고 그 다음으로 칼슘 이외에 1종의 영양소가 추가로 강화된 제품들이 많았고 식품군에 따라서는 약간의 차이를 보였다. 특히 우유 및 유제품 식품군은 다중 강화식품군으로 한 제품과 칼슘과 1~8종의 영양소가 동시에 강화되었다. 또한 같이 첨가되는 영양소의 종류는 DHA가 가장 많았으며 그 외에 비타민류, 무기질류 등이 있었다. 제품의 칼슘함량을 표시하는 기준단위는 주로 '100g/100mL', '포장중량'이었으며 각 제품에 대한 소비자들의 실제 섭취량을 비교하기 위해 칼슘함량을 '1인 분량'당 % RDA로 환산해보면 2.5~27.6% RDA 범위였다. 특히 칼슘이 강화된 제품의 칼슘함량이 '1인 분량'당 10% RDA에도 미달되는 제품들이 많아 강화함량에 대한 전반적인 평가가 필요했다. 영양표시는 표시기준에 규정되지 않은 용어가 사용되고 규정된 용어를 사용하더라도 함량기준에 미달되는 경우가 있는 등 몇 가지 문제점을 드러냈다. 그러므로 영양강화가 제 역할을 다하기 위해서는 시대적인 요구에 능동적으로 대처하는 관련 정부기관의 노력과 식품업계의 강화에 따르는 기술력 향상 및 사후 품질관리가 필요했다. 또한 학술기관에서는 이에 대한 기초연구가 소비자들 대상으로 영양교육을 실시하고 소비자 스스로도 자신에 맞는 식품을 선택할 수 있는 능력을 갖추도록 꾸준한 노력과 관심을 가져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2010

Output traits centered on improved plant-based products will find their way to consumers in such ways as nutritionally enhanced foods, therapeutic proteins for disease treatment and vaccines, bio-industrial products, modified oil quality and biofuels. Significant progress in biotechnology has occurred over the last several decades. The importance of output traits development and production using biotechnology will impact not only agribusiness, but also pharmaceutical and food industries. The objective of this paper is to review briefly the current status of output traits development in crop plants using nutrients and pharmaceuticals as examples.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to establishment the PHRLs of peach during cultivation period, and also to estimate biological half-lives for residues of fenarimol and flufenoxuron. METHODS AND RESULTS: The extracted samples of fenarimol were analyzed by GC-ECD and the flufenoxuron extracted samples were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. Recoveries of fenarimol at two fortification levels of 0.1 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg were $93.69{\pm}6.56$(%) and $94.45{\pm}1.60$ (%), respectively. And recoveries of flufenoxuron at two fortification levels of 0.1 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg were $106.73{\pm}5.90$(%) and $96.37{\pm}6.66$(%), respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The biological half-lives of fenarimol in single treatment and triple treatment were 3.5day and 3.8day. that of Flufenoxuron was also 7.1day and 4.9day, respectively. The PHRL of fenarimol were recommended as 1.5 mg/kg for 10day before harvest and the PHRL of flufenoxuron were recommended as 1.4 mg/kg for 10day before harvest.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.458-465
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• 2008

The nutritional contribution of mideodeok extracts (ME) on rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) feed and fish muscle was investigated. Different concentrations of the ME mixed with commercial diet were fed to mature rockfish for 8 weeks. The lipid and ash contents of the formulated diets were relatively similar to the control diet, while increasing the extract concentration increased the moisture content and decreased the protein contents. Major fatty acid components (C18:1n-9, 16:0, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3) were of comparable quantity. High presence of C18:2n-6 was attributed to soybean oil incorporated in the diets, while the essential fatty acids were within limits (0.9-1.0%). The diet fortified with 6% ME produced the highest feed efficiency, with increased protein content in the muscle as well as lipid content for both muscle and liver. Hepato- and visceral-somatic index values were elevated with increasing ME concentration Muscle fatty acid contents were mostly C18:1n-9 and C16:0, with low absorption of C18:2n-6 in both the muscle and liver. Total highly unsaturated fatty acid content was significantly reduced in the fish muscle, but the values were higher for fish fed with a ME-fortified diet. An increasing trend for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid was also observed with increased ME fortification, with liver levels of these compounds remaining within range throughout the duration of the experiment.