• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.615-625
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• 2015

This study examined the effects of wildlife or wildlife species on national park visitors' perception of place attributes and recreational experiences. Data were collected from 502 users of Seongsamjae Rest area and Nogodan Shelter area in Jirisan National Park and 173 college students during May-June 2014 using survey questionnaire. Some simulated photographs of water deer and Asiatic black bears were used for the college student survey. Overall, awareness about wildlife inhabiting in Jirisan National Park (AW) was not related with one's perception of place attributes (PPA) (i.e., crowdedness, naturalness, safety) and types of visitors' recreational experiences. Respondents with higher awareness about the presence of Asiatic black bear (AABB), however, tended to perceive Jirisan National Park as a place that provides 'wild' or 'natural' recreational opportunities compared to those with lower AABB. Differences in PPA (i.e., crowdedness, naturalness, safety) and types of recreational experiences were also found to be influenced by wildlife species. Respondents exposed to bear or water deer tended to perceive their recreational experiences as more 'wild'. Existence of wildlife in Jirisan National Park had a positive effect on the quality of visitors' recreational experiences. Different wildlife species showed different levels of effectiveness to quality enhancement of recreational experience. Some practical implications of the study were discussed from a managerial point of view.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1997

The contingent valuation method(CVM) has been used to evaluate the economic value of nonmarket goods such as forest recreation. There are two commonly used CVM questionnaire formats: open-ended and closed-ended. This study evaluates the net economic value associated with day use downhill skiing, using CVM. A random, on-site survey of skiers in Muju, Korea generated the value estimates. In this paper a nonparametric test is introduced to find whether the difference between value estimates from open-ended and closed-ended formats are significantly different because the distributions of WTPs are non-normally distributed. The results show that the net economic benefits of a skier in Muju varies from \15,131 to \25,332. The closed-ended values were 1.15 to 1.67 times as large as the open-ended values, depending on the model specifications. In nonparametric test the mean WTPs of the open-ended and close-ended applications are significantly different. Its reason may be that closed-ended can be more reducing the incentive for strategic behavior than open-ended question. However, we cannot conclude that the closed-ended method is superior to the open-ended method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.76-88
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• 2017

The urban park plays important roles in protecting the urban landscape and improving citizens' health, recreation, and the emotional life. Above and beyond these roles, the urban park is expected to rearrange urban spatial structures as a kind of urban system. The purpose of this paper is to identify empirically to change urban spatial structures by construction of the urban park. This study regards gentrification around the urban park as a process to change urban spatial structures. The gentrification means the regeneration and upgrading of deteriorated urban property by the middle class or commercial developers. The site of case analysis is the Seoul Forestry Park in Sungdong-gu, Seoul. The Seoul Forestry Park is regarded as a representative urban park of Seoul, and caused gentrification around park after the 2005 opening. This study operationally defines the gentrification index and the accessibility index from an urban park and offers an empirical analysis of relation among the urban park, the gentrification and urban spatial structure in a statistic district which is the minimum unit of Korean statistic data in 2000, 2005, and 2010, using Difference-in-Difference method and linear probability model. The results of this empirical study show that the Seoul Forestry Park changes urban spatial structures by gentrification. It reverses a trend of migration of gentrifiers before and after construction of the Seoul Forestry Park. It suggests urban park construction as an alternative method for urban regeneration by inducing the middle class into the inner city of Seoul.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.231-243
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• 2018

This study was conducted to determine and compare the perceived number of users (PNU) and evaluative standards for each type of visitors to "Healing Field" of Jangseong Pyunbaek Healing Forest (JPHF). Data were collected from 158 samples selected by convenient sampling method from the users of "Healing Field" in JPHF during September 2017. Visitors to "Healing Field" consisted of 49.3% for recreation (VR), 15.3% for healing (VH), and 35.3% for both recreation and healing (VRH). Respondents' average PNU was 23.8 (median: 20.0), and the range of average PNU by visitor type was 21.1-27.8 (median: 20.0). Respondents' PNU showed low correlations with perceived crowding (PC) (r=0.23) and perceived interference of healing experience (PIHE) (r=0.20). There were no differences in the optimal number of users (ONU) of "Healing Field" among the types of visitors. The overall average ONU was 28.9(median: 25.0), and the range of average ONU by types of visitors was 25.4-31.4 (median: 25.0-27.5). The overall maximum acceptable number of users (MANU) was 38.1, and MANU for VR, VH, and VRH was 36.9, 32.0, and 38.0, respectively. Respondents' mean PC was 2.73 (SD: 3.26, 9-point scale) while mean PIHE was 3.26 (SD: 1.77, 9-point scale). The VRH group showed a higher PC and PIHE than the VR group. The group with greater PNU than ONU showed higher PC and PIHE than the other groups. Based on the results, this paper presented some managerial implications, discussed the limitations of the study, and suggested the further studies.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.799-813
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• 2011

Increasing mountain biking (MTB) in forest recreation areas is changing the behavioral patterns in the areas where hiking has been a dominant activity, and it may cause ecological and social impacts to the areas. This study examined hikers' perceived conflicts by MTB including the relationship between socio-demographic and visiting characteristics and perceived conflict. On-site survey was conducted in Mudeungsan Provincial Park (MPP), Korea, during September, 2010. Out of 388 hikers participated in the survey, 374 responses were used for data analysis. 30.2% of the respondents encountered or saw MTB (avg.: 1.7 times) in MPP. Overall, 77.1% of respondents thought MTB in MPP was a problem. 73.5%~83.2% of respondents perceived conflict by four major MTB behaviors (e.g., too fast running MTB in trails; MTB bikes occupying trails; MTB bikes passing by hikers too closely; MTB bikers doing unpleasant behaviors to hikers). Based on the type of conflict, 48.5~62.4% of respondents fell in the type of "social values conflict (SVC)", 11.1~32.4%, "interpersonal conflict (IC)", and 16.8~26.6%, "no conflict (NC)", respectively. Types of conflicts were related with sociodemographic (e.g., gender, age, education) and visiting characteristics (e.g., number of visits, experience of encountering MTB). Such relationships were nonexistent in most cases when the "experience of encountering MTB" was controlled.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.929-935
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• 2005

The Monitoring System developed in this study was designed to help manage the recreational forests by gathering data on visitors' profiles and their opinions about recreational use and related facilities, This data could identify for changing situations in forest recreation demand as well as providing information on planning the management and use of the forest areas in advance. The standardized questionnaire had contained visitor profiles, activities, distribution of use by area, distribution us by time, duration of the visit, expenditure of visitors and information on visitor satisfaction and motivation. Also, the questionnaire had included the evaluations visitors' perception of facilities in order to identify the importance and performance of the various facilities, such as recreational and educational facilities, accomodations, directional signs as well as infrastructure. The monitoring system was developed in the object-oriented programming (OOP) environment. Microsoft Visual Basic 6,0 for the program language, Microsoft Access, and Excel program were used to develop the system. The monitoring system was composed of data input, database, and data analysis system, Once data were put into data input system, it automatically transferred to database, and it eventually produced the results of statistical analysis with one step procedure. This study was integrated with facilities and visitor monitoring system to identify the visitor impact at the recreational forests. In addition, this monitoring system would provide necessary and useful background information for management on recreational use of natural resources in a practical manner.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2016

This study examined the recognition differences between local residents and national park managers on the adjustment of national parks which are conducted every ten years for the purpose of providing basic information for the park management, according to the Natural Parks Act. Both local residents and national park managers positively perceived the adjustment of national parks, but park managers showed concern towards the damage of natural resources resulting from the cancellation and adjustment of restricted development districts in Korean national parks. Local residents are more likely than park managers to recommend boundary adjustment in other national parks regarding the influence of parks adjustment on local change. While local residents recognized that the boundary adjustment of national parks improves the level of community management, park managers focused on damages on the local environment and the park landscape adjacent to the areas. The result shows the recognition differences of local residents and park managers. Further research into adjustment of national parks is necessary to diminish perception gaps among stakeholders and develop prediction indicators of cancellation effect in response to the future cancellation areas of national parks through the characteristics of cancellation communities, revitalization of local economy, and environmental change of local community.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.4
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• pp.467-477
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• 2008

This study is analyzed on user's activities and recreational value through a questionnaire on users of the forest road in urban forest. Users visiting the forest road in urban forest went to there about three times a week, and the re-visit intention was showed highly. The forest road in urban forest is used too much for the promotion of health as a walk and a mountain pass of the citizen, and they think that forest road is useful for forest recreation. The satisfaction grade on forest road's equipment was effective above the average. As the result of valuation on recreational value of forest road in urban forest, the recreational value was evaluated 153.2 won. So, if it is collected the using fees for forest road, it was showed that it is proper about 150 won for one person.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.117-127
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• 2015

This study evaluated properties and items for selecting on a forest healing village. In order to assign a weight value-between factors, this study was conducted the primary survey first and then the secondary survey for measuring the importance of items. Experts'surveys were conducted on 3 items on level 1, 9 items on level 2, 35 items on level 3 with use of AHP technique. In level 1, the main analysis result was that physical resource properties(0.387) indicated the highest importance. in level 2, healing resources of physical properties(0.402), community participation of human resource properties(0.425), and business competency in part of vision(-.438) showed the highest importance. The analysis result of 35 items on level 3 was that in physical resources properties, securing public land in the village(0.220), possessing recreation space(0.440) and resources available for link with healing(0.413) showed the highest importance. In part of human resources properties, the average age of residents(0.465), commitment to the promotion of the villagers(0.367) and support of local leaders(0.318) showed the highest importance. Adequacy of development plan(0.274), forest work experience-related(0.293), and building profit sharing system(0.282) were also evaluated to have a relatively high importance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.299-308
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• 1999

How the society perceives National Park plays the most important role to achieve the goal for the National Park, which is to protect the ecosystems in the park. The survey for the visitors to Soraksan National Park was conducted to search for the answer to the question. As a result of the analysis based upon the perception types derived from the survey and factors affecting those types, the National Park can be explained by emotionally oriented type(scenic beauty), culturally oriented type, recreation oriented type, and economically oriented type. The first three types are strongly rooted in traditional culture, whereas the fourth type always conflicts with the goal of ecosystem protection. Korea has a long way to go to be familiarized with both the concept of ecosystem protection required by IUCN(The World Conservation Union) and the environmental ethics approach popularly promoted in the western world. The long term strategy for the protection of natural ecosystem should be approached in a manner that the traditional culture can be integrated into all aspects of park management.