• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2011

For the reconstruction of the past vegetational changes in Jeju Island, Korea, pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating on the sediments obtained from the Mulyeongari fen were carried out. By the results, the vegetational changes around the Mulyeongari fen from ca. 3,300 cal. yr BP to the present can be interpreted and reconstructed. The pollen record from the Mulyeongari fen was divided into two local pollen assemblage zones and three sub-pollen assemblage zones. Zone I (Quercus-Carpinus-Herbs Zone) was characterized by the predominance of Quercus(30~63%), Carpinus(9~35%) and herbs(40~424%). Zone II was characterized by three sub-pollen assemblage zones and the high occurrence ratio of the tree layer in comparison with Zone I. In Zone IIa (Quercus-Carpinus Zone), herbs(3~161%) were drastically decreased in predominance of Quercus(28~56%) and Carpinus(14~31%). In Zone IIb (Carpinus-Quercus Zone), Carpinus(36~48%) was preferentially increased but Quercus(29~39%) was slightly decreased. In Zone IIc (Quercus-Carpinus Zone), Carpinus(26~38%) was decreased inversely but Quercus(36~50%) was increased. In addition, Cyperaceae was also increased to 52%. Consequently, it is suggested that cool temperate southern/sub-montane vegetation composed of Quercus and Carpinus which was physiognomy of deciduous broad leaved forest was distributed around the Mulyeongari fen from ca. 3,300 cal. yr BP. In addition, Cyclobalanopsis(4~23%), Castanopsis(1~12%) and Myrica(under 1%) which are warm-temperate evergreen deciduous forest components were constantly appeared from this period. Accordingly, it can be inferred that the present vegetation type around the Mulyeongari fen was formed from ca. 180 cal. yr BP.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.305-317
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• 1995

한반도 중, 남부지역에서 가장 높은 산악지역인 지리산지의 냉온대 및 아고산대의 침광혼효림과 상록침엽수림의 임상선태류군락을 식물사회학적 관점에서 연구하였다. 그 결과 고등식물군락의 조성과 관련하여 다섯 임상선태류군락을 식별하였다. A 조릿대-구상나무/비꼬리이끼-수저잎산주목이끼군락, B. 비비추-구상나무/곱슬명주실이끼-등덩굴초롱이끼군락, C. 구상나무/아기호랑꼬리이끼-가지윤이끼군락, D. 구상나무-가문비나무/아기호랑이끼-깃털이끼군락, E. 구상나무-가문비나무/수풀이끼-겉창발이끼군락. 이들 군락 중 A, B, C, D 등 네 군락은 비교적 낮은 해발영역 (1200-1700m)의 침광혼효림에 분포하며, 냉온대의 종요소에 의해 특징화되었다. 이들 군락은 쇠물푸레-구상나무군집에 속하는 하나의 분층군락으로 확인되었다. E군락은 보다 높은 해발영역(1700m 이상)에 분포하며, 아한대; 아고산대와 한 대; 고산대에 한정분포하는 주극요소의 종군에 의해 특징화되었다. 또 이 군락은 월귤-가문비나무군강에 속하는 구상나무-가문비나무군집의 하나의 분층군락임이 밝혀졌다. 지금까지 많은 연구자들이 지리산지 1200m 이상에서 정상 근처까지 분포하는 침엽수림을 아고산대의 식생으로 취급하였다. 그렇지만, 현 연구결과는 식물사회학적 입장에서 침광혼효림과 진성아고산침엽수림의 경계가 1700m가 된다는 사실을 명백히 하였다. 선태류의 종의 풍부성은 E군락에서 가장 높았으며, 나머지 네 군락은 비슷한 수준이었다. 선태류의 종다양도지수에 있어서 H'와 D는 B와 E군락에서 높았으며, A와 C군락에서 낮고, D군락은 중간적인 값을 나타내었다. 균등도지수(J')의 값은 고도의 증가와 함께 감소하여, 높은 해발영역의 E군락에서 가장 낮았다. Bray-Curtis 서열법의 결과는 이 다양성 분석과 상기의 두 삼림대의 구분이 정당함을 나타내었다. 조사된 지리산지의 선태류의 분류군은 25과, 46속, 73종, 1아종, 2변종으로 구성되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2001

We created an environmental forest on the basis of ecological design around the incineration plant of Jindo Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd., which is located in Jeongwang-dong, Siheung-si, Kyunggi-do. To get ecological information of this site, physico-chemical properties of soil on salt marsh, which is located close to the syudy site and of forest soil transported from other sites for ecological restoration were analyzed. Texture of salt marsh and transported soils were loam and sandy loam, respectively. pH, organic matter, T-N, available P, and exchangeable K and Na contents of salt marsh and transported forest soils were 6.7 and 5.4, 4.1 and 0.4%, 1.0 and 0.3mg/g, 46.7 and 6.8ppm, 521 and 207ppm, and 3.8 and 0.5mg/g, respectively. Introduced plants were selected among the dominant species of forests and the species composing the potential natural vegetation around the present study site. Those plants were selected again by considering the tolerances to air pollution and to salt, and their availability. Selected trees were Pinus thunbergii, Sophora japonica, Celtis sinensis, Quercus aliena, Q. serrata, Q. dentata, and Q. acutissima. Selected sub-trees were Albizzia julibrissin, Koelreuteria poniculata, and Styrax japonica and shrubs were Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, R. mucronulatum, Callicarpa japonica, Euonymus alatus, E. japonica, and R. schlippenbachii. On the other hand, introduction of herbs was not considered except for Liriope platyphylla, which was ornamentally planted in one site. Planting bed of mound type was adopted to provide the fine drainage system. Mound was designed to furnish litter, A, B, and C layers simuating the profile of forest soil. Slope of mound was mulched by rice straw of 2cm in thickness to prevent for sliding of litter and soil in cases of strong wind or heavy rain. Height of mound was designed to secure more than 1 m by combining A and B layers. Narrow zones, in which mound with stable slope degree cannot be prepared, was designed to equip the standard soil depth with the introduction of stone for supporting. On the other hand, plants with shallow root system were arranged in some zones, in which satisfactory soil depth cannot be ensured. Plants were arranged in the order of tree, sub-tree, and shrub from center to edge on the mound to make a mature forest of a dome shape in the future. Dispersion of plants was designed to be random pattern rather than clumped one. Problems on creation of the environmental forest by such ecological design were found to be management or inspection by non-specialized project operators and inspecting officers, and regulations for construction without ecological background. Alternative plans to solve such problems were suggested.

• 한국빅데이터학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2018

본 연구는 산불 발생 예측 모형의 정확도를 높이기 위해 머신러닝 기법을 적용한 연구이다. 산불 피해면적이 가장 큰 강원도를 중심으로 2003년부터 2016년까지 총 14년의 산불 자료를 이용하였다. 기상자료의 오차를 줄이기 위해 강원도를 9개의 구역으로 나누어 각 구역 관측소의 기상자료를 이용하였다. 9개의 구역으로 나누어 각 구역의 산불 예측 모형을 만들게 되면 산불이 발생한 날(majority)과 산불이 발생하지 않은 날(minority)의 비율 차이가 큰 불균형 문제가 발생한다. 불균형 문제에서는 모델의 성능이 떨어지는 현상이 발생할 수 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 여러 샘플링 방법을 적용하였다. 또한 모델의 정확도를 높이기 위해 캐나다 산불 기상 지수(FWI)의 5가지 지수를 파생변수로 사용하였다. 모델링 방법은 통계적 방법인 로지스틱 회귀분석 방법과 머신러닝 방법인 random forest와 xgboost 방법을 사용하였다. 각 구역의 최종모델의 선택기준을 정확도, 민감도, 특이도를 고려하여 정했으며, 9개 구역의 예측 결과는 산불이 발생한 104건 중 80건의 발생 예측에 성공하였으며 산불이 발생하지 않은 9758건 중 7426건의 발생하지 않음을 예측했다. 전체의 정확도는 76.1%였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.403-413
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• 2005

The environmental conservation-targeted zoning in urban planning process has been functioned as securing a ecological core in urban green spaces management. Hence, the designation of conservation zones in land use planning is considered as a key task to achieve the sustainability of urban planning. The recently introduced pre-environmental review system for the proposed urban plan, by which the conservative measures for urban ecosystem and landscape are suggested in aspect of environmental impact mitigation, has played an active role in enhancing the environmental performance degraded by wide range of development pressure. This study is aimed at drawing out of objective criteria for designation of environmental conservation zones, which can be applied to urban planning establishment and also to environmental assessment process. To achieve this goal, the study adopted the following methods; pre-study review, analysis of existing official opinion statements released by the Ministry of Environment, contents analysis of related laws, and experts' panel discussions on the finally arranged criteria. The results of this research can be summarized as follows: First, the total criteria of 48 are drown out with categorizing into environment-ecological and socio-cultural sectosr. Second, the environment-ecological part is composed of 33 criteria such as vegetation, animal, geomorphology, watershed, environmental land suitability, and etc. Here, the Degree of Ecological Function, Degree of Environmental Land Suitability, and Vegetation Map are mainly utilized. Third, the 15 socio-cultural criteria relating to the history, social ecology and landscape have such components as forest around relics, Seo-won(school), castle, tomb, landmark, skyline, natural landscape, and etc. Forth, these individual criteria can be applied to designation of each conservation zones among total of 11 conservation areas(or districts).

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2017

This study aims to establish the integrated system of national protected areas by identifying OECMs which are not officially recognized as protected areas, but effectively and enduringly deliver the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem service to expand them up to the level recommended by the international community. In order to identify them, candidates for OECMs were listed and it was developed a three-step systematic screening tool based on preconditions, essential characteristics, and sustainable means for conservation outcome of them. As a result of using the tool that considers domestic conditions, seven areas which included Development Restriction Zones, Urban Natural Park Areas, Fishery Resources Protection Zones, Riparian Zones, Natural Recreation Forest Zones, Water Source Protection Areas, and Buffer Zones for Korea National Arboretum were selected as OECMs. And the system of national protected areas was built by integrating them with national protected areas(NPA). Compared with the NPA, the system has been expanded by them and has reached to 17.88%, exceeding the target of 17% for terrestrial and inland water protections. It was proven that they were very effective in enlarging these protections. However, it failed to contribute to the target for marine protections. The expansion of marine protected areas requires different approaches, such as discovering new types of marine protected areas or linking them to biologically important marine areas all over the world.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2015

Mangroves are important coastal ecosystems and are located at the inter-tidal zones of tropical and sub-tropical belts. The global mangrove forests are declining dramatically because of the conversion of forests to shrimp farming, over-exploitation, pollution and freshwater diversion. The Bangladesh Forest Department initiated mangrove afforestation throughout the coastal belts of Bangladesh in 1966 to provide better protection for the coastal communities. Up to 1990, 120,000 ha of mangroves had been planted and it is one of the largest coastal afforestaton programs in the world. The objective of this study is to exploit the spatial extent of mangrove plantation and their dynamics of changes over the last two decades using multispectral Landsat imagery. The study area covers the coastal areas of Bangladesh that is extended over the eastern part of Sundarbans up to Teknaf, the southern tip of mainland Bangladesh. Mangrove plantations were interpreted visually on computer screen and interactive delineation of forest boundary was done. The mangrove plantation area has been estimated as 32,725, 47,636 and 43,166 ha for the year of 1989, 2000 and 2010, respectively. Mangrove deforestation by human activity has increased almost six times in the recent decade in comparison to the previous one. The mangrove forest loss due to coastal erosion has slightly declined in the 2000s. Mangroves have been lost primarily because of agricultural expansion. The result of this investigation will be helpful to understand the dynamics of mangrove plantation and the main drivers of changes in this coastal ecosystem.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.485-491
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• 2008

The present study examined the relation between land cover condition and temperature in various types of urban green spaces. The diagram of temperature distribution showed that high-temperature zones are formed around paved areas, and low temperature zone around planted areas and grassy areas. Even in planted areas where low-temperature zones were formed, temperature was different according to hierarchical structure. That is, temperature was relatively low in areas covered with arbor + sub-arbor. With regard to land cover ratio, the increase of planted areas and grassy areas had an effect on the fall of temperature and the effect was higher in order of planted areas and grassy areas. On the contrary, paved areas and bare areas had an effect on the rise of temperature. According to the results of factor analysis, in case of the highest temperature, planted area and grassy area were put together into a factor lowering temperature, paved area and temperature into a factor raising temperature, and bare area alone into a factor of low significance. In case of the lowest temperature, grassy area and bare area were put together into a factor, and the validity of the factor analysis was proved by the analysis of urban heat islands. An increase in the number of trees by height was effective in lowering temperature, and the effect was high in order to arbor and sub-arbor, and the source of coldness in planted area was tall trees.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2005

본 연구는 금호강 유역을 대상으로 GIS와 원격탐사기법을 활용하여 산사태 취약성의 예측과 지도화를 수행하고자 한다. 산사태 영향인자인 사면경사, 사면방향, 지질, 토지이용도, 식생지수(NDVI)의 공간데이터베이스는 $30m{\times}30m$ 해상도로 구축하였다. 산사태 취약성은 중첩분석과 합산 평가 매트릭스 방법으로 예측하였고, 6개 범주(안정, 매우 낮음, 낮음, 중간, 높음, 매우 높음)로 구분한 산사태 취약성 지도를 제작하였다. 분석결과에 따르면, 산사태 취약성이 '매우높은' 지역은 전체 대상지의 약 0.3% 정도를 차지하며 이들 지역은 주로 높은 경사도와 낮은 식생지수를 가지는 산림지역에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.100-111
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• 2006

This study was carried out to increase the efficiency of site investigation through the evaluation of the applicable methods of investigation for cutting slope design. In an effort to find out the applicability of the method employed during the slope investigation, some tests were carried out on 6 subjects i.e location of weak zones, characteristics of discontinuities, distribution of strata, in situ tests for geo-technical properties, laboratory test and estimation of weathering. The method was highly applicable and produced expected results during the test of weak zones, discontinuities and distribution of strata. In order to apply the method to in- situ test for geo-technical properties and laboratory test on soil and rock slope, a statistic analysis of the existing data were required in advance. However its design applicability on rock slope was good although actual cases of application were not many due to limitation of the cases for investigation. The method was frequently referenced but not actually applied for anti seismic design test and estimation of weathering.