• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.157-167
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to analyze the stand structure and growth characteristics along different elevations of Pinus koraiensis natural forests located at mean elevation 1,300 m (site1), 900 m (site2) and 600 m (site3) on Mt. Seorak. Mean DBH and height of P. koraiensis were 25.4 cm and 12.3 m in site1, while that of site2 and 3 were over 40 cm and 20 m, respectively. For this reason, there was 5 times difference of single tree volume between site1 and other sites(p<0.05). Mean ringwidth increment of P. koraiensis was 1.1 mm/yr in site1, 1.5 mm/yr in site2 and 2.6 mm/yr in site3. However, recent growth of ringwidth has increased by 8.6% in site1, whereas site2 and 3 have fallen by approximately 50% over the last 10 years. These results signify that the growth and distribution of natural P. koraiensis are effected by different climatic environment along elevations.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.205-211
• /
• 2001

The floristic composition and structure of the Oriental Arbor-viate forest, natural monument no. 1, were investigated in the Daegu city, southeastern Korea. Vegetation stratification have four layers including tree (＞5m), subtree (2m-5m), shrub (1m-2m) and herbs (＜1m), which occupied 63.8%, 10.7%, 12.1% and 49.4%, respectively. The vegetation of the study area were divided into Artemisia keiskeana - Quercus variabilis and Pyrrosia linearifolia-Thuja orientalis (OAV) communities. Frequency distribution for diameter classes of the Oriental Arbor-vitae population showed a reverse-J shape. The result suggests that the OAV forest of this site might maintains continuously the present state. The annual radial growth of OAV, Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis, the dominant species of the present site showed 0.29, 1.01 and 1.28 mm/year, respectively. Competition of OAV with theh other species including P. densiflora and Q. variabilis could influence negatively on the growthand survival of OAV forest in this site.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to review the pattern of forest stand development for six Gangwondo Baekdudaegan Mountains which experienced different type and duration of intensive legal protection. Vegetation data from point sampling method were employed to classify community types by cluster analysis on the basis of the importance values of canopy tree species for the study areas. The names of classified communities were given by the composition of dominant tree species. The communities were also compared one another in terms of stand structure by species diversity index. The results indicated that National Parks (Seoraksan and Odaesan) had greater proportion of mixed mesophytic forest type which was supposed to progress further forest succession process so as to have more complex and diversified stand structure. On the other hand, ordinary forest areas (Seokbyeongsan and Deokhangsan) had greater proportion of the forest types which was dominatively composed of Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora. The forest types with large amount of these two species would tend to develop for relatively short period of time of 40-50 years after artificial disturbances. Hyangnobong of Natural Protection Area and Hambaeksan of Natural Ecosystem Conservation Area showed intermediate stand development pattern in between National Parks and ordinary forest areas. The period of intensive legal protection of the forest area was positively correlated with species diversity index (R=0.736), and noted that the forest which received intensive protection regulation for longer period tended to show more complex and diversified stand structure.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2023

To understand the health conditions and growth patterns of forest estate for environmental resilience and climate change mitigation, assessment of structure and species diversity is paramount. This study aimed at assessing the structure, alpha, and beta diversities of tree species in three ecological zones in Taraba, Nigeria for management purposes. In recent time, no research has been reported on the structure and beta diversity of the study areas. A systematic sampling design was used for data collection. Five sample plots of 50×50 m were laid in each of the six natural forest areas. The result showed a mean DBH (42.5 cm) and a tree height (15.0 m) from the forests. The forests have a structure of an inverse "J-shape," which is typical of natural forests in the tropics. The southern Guinea savanna zone had the highest mean Shannon-Weiner diversity index (2.8). The least beta diversity index (0.02) was between Baissa and Jen Gininya forest areas. Baissa and Bakin Dutse Protected Forest Areas (PFAs) contained 76.5% of the tree species. There is a high chance of all tree species to be found in these 2 forest areas. Proximity to a location influences how similar two tree species are, according to the least beta diversity index (0.02) recorded. The Federal Government's method of management for the forest, known as Gashaka Gumti National Park, may be responsible for the high beta diversity index in the Montane ecozone. Therefore, it should be strongly encouraged to practice strict oversight of natural areas, as their contributions to reducing climate change in Taraba State, Nigeria, cannot be overstated.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.447-455
• /
• 2019

기존의 식생정보는 대부분 5년 주기로 구축되어 최신성이 결여 되어있다. 식생의 조사는 사진측량과 사람의 현지조사로 이루어지며, 많은 시간과 비용을 소모하게 된다. 식생의 정보 중 식생층위구조에 대한 정보는 산림의 다양성과 환경을 평가하는 중요한 요소이다. 식생의 내부구조인 층위구조는 필수적 정보이지만, 일반적인 사진측량과 사람의 조사로는 한계점이 존재하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 KOMPSAT-3/3A/5 위성영상으로 부터 제작된 지수맵과 Texture맵, DSM(Digital Surface Model)과 DTM(Digital Terrain Model)의 차분으로 생성한 canopy정보를 Input layer로 층위자료를 인공신경망(Artificial Neural Network; ANN)을 이용하여 분류하였다. 단층과 다층의 산림의 층위 구조를 분류하여 최종분류결과 81.59% 확인하였다.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.249-259
• /
• 2007

식장산의 현존식생과 입지환경을 고려한 식생조사구 총 114개소를 설치하여 식생구조를 분석한 결과 산지림유형, 계곡림유형, 인공림유형의 3개 유형으로 분류되었고, 총 23개의 군락으로 구분되었다. 식생 분포는 사면상부와 능선부에 신갈나무군락이, 남사면에는 소나무군락과 굴참나무군락이 각각 분포하였으며, 신갈나무군락의 점유 면적이 34,213ha로 전체 면적의 31.9%로 가장 넓은 영역을 차지하고 있었고 계곡림은 좁은 면적에 매우 많은 군락들로 구성되어 있었다. 계곡림 유형에서는 졸참나무, 갈참나무, 물푸레나무, 고로쇠나무, 까치박달, 산딸나무 등의 수종들의 층위별 중요치가 높았다. 종다양도는 인공림유형의 물오리나무군락이 0.2191로서 가장 낮았고, 계곡림 유형의 종다양도지수가 약 0.9로서 가장 높았다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.28-41
• /
• 2009

Because fire has significant impacts on fauna and flora in forest ecosystems, as well as socioeconomic influences to local community, it has been an important field of study for decades. One of the most common ways to reduce fire risk is to enhance fire-resilience of forest through fuel treatments including thinning and prescribed burning. Since fuel treatment can't be practiced over all forested areas, appropriate and effective strategies are needed. The present study aims to look at the relationship between spatial characteristics of forest structure measured with landscape pattern metrics and burn severity to provide guidelines for effective fuel treatments. Samchuck fire was selected for the study, and 232 grids covering the study areas were generated, and the grid size was 1km. The burn severity is measured with dNBR derived from satellite imagery, and spatial characteristics of forest structure were measured using FRAGSTATS for both landscape and class levels for each 1km grid. The results of this study strongly indicated that heterogeneity in composition and configuration of forests may significantly reduce burn severity. By enhancing heterogeneity of forests, fuel treatments for fire-resilience forest could be more effective.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제95권5호
• /
• pp.580-584
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of breeding bird communities between deciduous and coniferous forests from April to June 2005 in Mt. Namsan, Seoul, Korea. Two 10ha areas were selected for territory mapping of breeding bird communities. Number of breeding bird species, pairs,density and bird species diversity index were higher in deciduous forest with increasing amount of foliage in the forest profile or as forest structures developed compared with coniferous forest. The number of in coniferous forest. The differences in habitat structure between both study areas are very likely to have influenced how breeding birds used the available habitat. Forest structure and its interactions with birds should be consideration in forest management for birds and their habitat.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.229-239
• /
• 2019

모든 식생 군락은 각자 층위구조를 가지고 있다. 이를 '식생층위구조'라 부른다. 요즈음은 이 층위구조가 산림의 활력도, 다양성, 그리고 환경영향을 평가하는데 중요한 식별자로 작용하기 때문에 산림조사에 있어서 식생층위구조는 필수적으로 조사되어야한다. 그런데, 식생층위구조는 일종의 내부구조이므로 일반적으로 산림조사는 현장조사를 통해 이루어지는데, 이는 전통적인 방식으로 시간과 예산이 많이 든다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 산림의 층위구조를 조사하는데 드는 시간과 예산을 줄이기 위해 넓은 지역 탐사에 효과적인 원격탐사기법 중 항공촬영 사진과 대량의 데이터 마이닝(Data Mining)이 가능한 머신러닝(Machine Learning)기법 이용한 층위구조의 분류 방법을 제시한다. 칼라 항공사진, LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) DSM(Digital Surface Model)과 DTM(Digital Terrain Model)을 이용하여 Support Vector Machine(SVM) 머신러닝 기법을 이용하여 층위분류 연구를 진행하였다. 현장조사 자료를 참조하여 SVM기법 분류 결과와 비교했을 때 픽셀수에 기반한 정확도는 66.22%로 확인 되었다. 층위 분류 정확도는 단층과 다층의 구분은 비교적 높게 나타났으나, 다층끼리의 분류는 어렵다는 결론이 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 향후 다양한 식생데이터와 영상자료를 수집한다면 식생구조에 대한 머신러닝 연구분야에 더욱 발전이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.345-352
• /
• 1998

A Korean endemic and evergreen small tree ' Dendropanax morbifera $L_{EV}$.(Araliaceae)' is a component of evergreen forest and mainly idstributein sourthern region and islands in Korea. A local population of D. morbifera which is located between evergreen and deciduous forest within 50m x 50m quadrate was investigated to ascertain the change of population structure, emergence and growth dynamics of seedlings and saplings, and pattern of spatial distribution by the temproal and spatial expansion of population . The result of analysis of population structure by Importnace Value(IV), evergreen forest showed a high species diversity of evergreen tree species such as Cinnamomum japonicum, Machilus japonica, Neolitsea serica, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Ligustrum japonicum, and etc, in middle and under story than in upper story where Camelia japonica and Quercus acuta were dominant. And in conterminous deciduous fores, the major component of evergreen forest in this region, Camellia japonica, Quercus acuta, evergreen tree of Lauraceae and etc. were abundant in only under story. IV of D. morbifera differed from among three story. In comparative analysis of emergence and growth dynamics of D. morbifera seedlings and saplings between evergreen and deciduous forest, emergece and density of seedlings were significantly greater in evergreen than in deciduous forest, and growth of height and basal diameter of seedlings and saplings were slightly larger in evergreen than in deciduous forest. The spatial distribution patterns by Moristia's index mapping of indivuduals using a lattice method of XY axis within this population showed that seedlings(age up to 2 years) and saplings (age>2 years and height<1m) both evergreen and deciduous forest were more or less aggregated apart from mature trees, and thougth intermediate trees(height>1m and dbh<10cm) had a aggregated distribution pattern, mature trees(dbh>10cm were uniform. In conclusion , the expansion of D. morbfera population from evergreen to deciduous forest accompanied with a mumber of evergreen woody species, and also, emergence and recruitment, and growth of seedlings were greatly influenced moisture and canopy by around community structure.